Suchergebnisse

Analyse der Entstehungsbedingungen des Falkland-/Malwinen- Krieges im Zusammenhang mit der historischen Entwicklung des internationalen Systems und insbesondere der Nord-Süd-Probleme seit dem Zweiten Weltkrieg. Darstellung der Hintergründe für die Handlungsweise der beteiligten Akteure und für den Ablauf der internationalen Reaktionen im Zuge des Konflikts

En: Arbitraje: revista de arbitraje comercial y de inversiones. eISSN. 2603-9281. vol. 7, n. 2, 2014, pp 335-368 ; A negative approach towards forum shopping and the reasons to support it have been criticized by legal scholars. Not even legislators openly refuse forum shopping. Indeed forum shopping is present in real life as a possibility that litigants have to face. In fact every lawyer has to consider which is the best possible forum before bringing a claim. Such an assessment is a key component when defining an effective litigation strategy in international disputes. Forum shopping is also possible in situations where parties have chosen to submit their disputes to arbitration. It plays a significant role at the stage of the conclusion of the arbitration agreement as well as at the second and unilateral stage, including attempts to have the arbitration agreement invalidated or to delay arbitration proceedings by bringing proceedings before a national court.

En: Arbitraje: revista de arbitraje comercial y de inversiones. eISSN. 2603-9281. vol. 7, n. 2, 2014, pp 335-368 ; A negative approach towards forum shopping and the reasons to support it have been criticized by legal scholars. Not even legislators openly refuse forum shopping. Indeed forum shopping is present in real life as a possibility that litigants have to face. In fact every lawyer has to consider which is the best possible forum before bringing a claim. Such an assessment is a key component when defining an effective litigation strategy in international disputes. Forum shopping is also possible in situations where parties have chosen to submit their disputes to arbitration. It plays a significant role at the stage of the conclusion of the arbitration agreement as well as at the second and unilateral stage, including attempts to have the arbitration agreement invalidated or to delay arbitration proceedings by bringing proceedings before a national court.

Introduction générale 1. - PREMIERE PARTIE : DECONSTRUIRE LES DISCOURS SUR LA NEGOCIATION COMMUNAUTAIRE DES RETOURS FORCES. - 1. Retours forcés et asymétrie dans les relations bilatérales 57. - 2. La délégation de la réadmission : multiplication des acteurs et concurrences intra-européennes 91. - 3. À la recherche d'incitations : négociations et métaphore marchande 137. - DEUXIEME PARTIE : PLURALISER LES SUJETS : LES ACTEURS MAROCAINS DES NEGOCIATIONS. - 4. La construction des politiques migratoires marocaines : politiques internationales, objectifs nationaux 185. - 5. Des exigences marocaines : « approche globale », « facilitation des visas » et respect international 229. - 6. Déplacer la focale : des usages marocains de l'Europe et de l'international 273. - TROISIEME PARTIE : RELATIONS BILATERALES ET MISE EN OEUVRE : ESPACES DE NEGOCIATION ET DE CONTESTATION. - 7. Pratiques bilatérales de coopération et de contestation 317. - 8. Partenariat pour la mobilité et conditionnalité : un compromis flexible 355. - Conclusion générale 393

Why are policymakers, scholars, and the general public so surprised when the world turns out to be unpredictable? World Politics at the Edge of Chaos suggests that the study of international politics needs new forms of knowledge to respond to emerging challenges such as the interconnectedness between local and transnational realities; between markets, migration, and social movements; and between pandemics, a looming energy crisis, and climate change. Asserting that Complexity Thinking (CT) provides a much-needed lens for interpreting these challenges, the contributors offer a parallel assessment of the impact of CT to anthropocentric and non-anthropocentric (post-human) International Relations. Using this perspective, the result should be less surprise when confronting the dynamism of a fragile and unpredictable global life.

Introduction. No doubt that the Iran-USA nuclear deal of 2015 got fame in the international politics. Some countries were in favor of such a deal and some were against this development. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has more concerns over the Iran nuclear deal, it feels that after the deal Iran will become a regional power and will increase its military and political power which will disturb the regional security and stability. As the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) itself provokes the creation of such conditions, thus their influence in the Middle East will be affected. Analysis. The article analyzes the concerns of Israel, implications for Turkey, the question why deal is beneficial for Pakistan, economic concerns of Saudi Arabia, implications for Persian Gulf and Middle East, economic implications for Turkey, economic opportunities for Pakistan. After the nuclear deal, Iran becomes a regional power and increases its political and economic influence in the region, especially in the Persian Gulf. The world says that Iran cannot get nuclear weapons after the deal because it has no such a capacity. However, according to some findings from the documents of the deal Iran is not blocked to become a nuclear power and the deal legitimizes the nuclear program. So, on the other hand after the Iran nuclear deal the regional political and economic environment is totally favorable to Iran. On the other hand, scholars believe that the United States of America (USA) operate in terms of diplomatic competition. From the economic standpoint, the deal will be favorable for Iran. Thus, some countries have objections related to the deal, while others express a positive attitude towards it. Results. Pakistan will be able to generate economic opportunities from Iran, especially with the help of Iran-Pakistan-India Gas pipeline project (IPI project). Consequences of the deal will be beneficial for the regional economic development of the Middle East and South Asia respectively.

This paper is intended to explore the linguistic causes of ineffectiveness and inefficiency in diplomatic negotiations and determine the best solution. The first sections are designated to explaining the function of international negotiation and typical linguistic problems that hinder effective communication in these situations. After determining that interpretation is the best option for multi-language negotiation, this paper examines the merits of both machine and human interpreters. I argue that human interpreters are more accurate in deciphering ambiguity and working with the intricacies involved in diplomatic discussions. This position is supported by numerous examples, including the current operations of the European Union, as well as non-governmental organizations. The conclusions of this paper confirm the need for human interpreters as the most accurate tool available for international negotiations.

What is the potential UN role vis-a-vis Iraq? Are the current international antiterror efforts effective? What happened in Rwanda? Answers are provided by one of the top UN officials. Adapted from the source document.

Free and fair trade can assume various meanings, depending on who defines the terms. This study draws on the Gramscian notion of hegemony to link meaning and social structure. Taking bananas as a test case, the study employs documents, interviews, and on-site observation to explore five meanings of fair trade: supporting smallholder markets; assuring historical shipping arrangements; encouraging national development; guaranteeing decent working conditions; and preserving ecological balance. Structurally, the first two meanings emerged within the banana trade's competing hegemonic systems, one dominated by three US-based transnational corporations and the other by former colonial powers in the European Union that favored their own shipping. Although the battle finally required WTO intervention, as Gramsci points out, hegemony can also comes from below. Independent national banana growers made direct trade arrangements with supermarkets. Militant unions became especially active within the TNC system, while small-scale producers and "Fair Trade" advocates refined the EU approach. They each have forced fresh approaches to product certification. As TNC domination weakens and independent producers cultivate supermarket outlets, the expiration of EU banana quotas in 2006 may determine which of these competing approaches to trade prevails. A bottom-up alliance among labor, smallholders, and consumers/environmentalists threatens to inspire a fresh hegemonic trade discourse.

Introduction --Dispute Settlement in International Economic Law --Access to Dispute Settlement Procedures --Admission and Establishment --Post-establishment MFN and NT Obligations --Minimum Standards of Treatment --Expropriation --Legal Remedies in International Economic Disputes --Means of Enforcement in International Economic Fora --Conclusion.