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"An important element in considering school finance policies is that households are not passive. Instead they respond to policies with a combination of modified residential choice and political choice of tax levels. The highly stylized decision models of most existing analyses, however, lead to conerns about the policy evaluations. In our general equilibrium model of residential location and community choice, households base optimizing decisions on commuting costs, school quality, and land rents. With both centralized and decentralized employment, the resulting equilibrium has heterogeneous communities in terms of income and tastes for schools. This model is used to analyze a series of conventional policy experiments, including school district consolidation, district power utilization, and different equalization devices. The important conclusion is that welfare falls for all families with the restrictions in choice that are implied by these approaches"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site

The increased tensions surrounding radical Muslims and radical movements in the political Islam are not only manifested in the Western countries but also in the Muslim world itself. Tendencies and political movements that undermine the status quo have proliferated since the 1970s. They plead for a far-reaching islamization: funding politics, law and society on Islamic foundations. This study of the Netherlands Scientific Council for Government Policy (WRR) analyses the developments in Islamic beliefs, political activism, society and law since the 1970s. To what extent has islamization been successful? What are its consequences for attempts in and outside the Muslim world to come to extend democratization and respect for human rights? And what can the Netherlands and the European Union contribute to support developments towards democratization and human rights? This study is, among others, based on extensive research of experts on the change of Islamic thinking and to the dynamics of law in twelve different Muslim countries.

AbstractWhat is the purpose of lengthy negotiations when a coalition government forms? Do they make a difference in coalition policy‐making? Negotiations that produce policy agreements between coalition partners have been suggested to strengthen the capacity of coalition governments to make policy reforms. We argue that bargaining time, regardless if it results in a written policy agreement or not, is an investment in future government reform productivity. Longer negotiation periods indicate that the bargaining parties have negotiated deals over conflicting policy issues and have allowed parties to build trust between them and gain support for future policies within the party organization, promoting reform productivity. Further, we expect that longer negotiation periods can mitigate problems of policy conflict within cabinets, thereby resulting in higher reform productivity. We evaluate our theoretical expectations using a data set on economic reform measures introduced in 10 Western European countries (1978–2017), based on a coding of more than 1000 periodical country reports issued by the Economist Intelligence Unit and the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development. The results show support for our expectations, demonstrating that economic reform productivity is higher in coalition governments that have bargained for a longer time when forming. We also find support for the claim that bargaining time mitigates the negative effect of intra‐cabinet ideological conflict on reform productivity.

Bondowoso Regency is one of the districts that has superior commodities in the coffee cluster development sector which can support the acceleration of development in the economic sector. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the policy innovation of the Bondowoso Regency Government in developing coffee clusters in 2013-2018. The method in this research is descriptive qualitative with purposive sampling, primary data sources from 7 informants, namely: Regent of Bondowoso 2 Period 2008-2018, DPRD Commission II, Head of Perum Perhutani Administration, Chairman of the Indonesian Coffee Farmers Association, Head of Forestry and Plantation Service, Office of Cooperatives, Department of Tourism and Sports, Exporters or buyers of coffee and coffee farmers. In secondary data, it is obtained from documentation and literature review in Bondowoso district. The results showed that the innovation of the Bondowoso Regency government in developing the people's coffee cluster that was created in the 2013-2018 period can be said to be new but very effective, because it creates synergy between the people's coffee farmers and government agencies. These various appointed government agencies carried out various strategies that were applied in the fields of planting, harvesting and post-harvest to marketing coffee, until it create the Bondowoso Republik Kopi and the success of Ijen-Raung Coffee to get a Geographical Index certificate, etc. Keywords: Innovation; Policy; Coffee Cluster

This paper discusses the basic principles that a government should adopt when it comes to risk. There seems to be broad agreement about general principles, such as openness and transparency, involvement, proportionality and consistency, and making decisions based on evidence, but when it comes to a more detailed level, suitable principles are missing or are inconsistent. For example, what does it mean to base decisions on evidence or to act with proportionality when regulating or managing risk? The present paper aims at stimulating a discussion on this topic by formulating eight specific principles that governments should apply for the effective treatment of risk in society. The authors consider these eight principles to reflect current scientific knowledge produced by the risk analysis field, but like all principles of this type they are grounded in normative requirements of "good" governance. Several examples are used to illustrate the discussion.

published_or_final_version ; Urban Studies ; Master ; Master of Social Sciences

A Bloomberg report blames "unconstrained capitalism" for a glut of abandoned electric vehicles. But the industry also received billions of dollars in public funds.

Data on all persons employed in the California State Civil Service between 1977 and 1985 reveals a marked improvement in the distribution of women across income classes. An important part of this improvement appears due to internal mobility. Survival function estimates show that upward mobility was high for employees starting in female-dominated occupations, absolutely and compared to mobility out of male-dominated, manual occupations. Hazard rate estimates show that mobility was increased by longer leaves and moving to full-time status and decreased by the number of separations. The effectiveness of occupational classifications designed to aid mobility was ambiguous.