Health problems in Indonesia are very diverse, one of which is the problem of inadequate availability of health budget. This condition affects the low availability of health services affordable by the community, because health services become expensive. As a result, the poor and incapable continue to experience health problems because they do not have the cost to purchase health services. Facing these problems, then since January 2014 the government implements the National Health Insurance (NHI) that applies to all the people of Indonesia. With the NHI program, it is expected that there will be no more poor, who do not seek medical treatment because they have no cost. The objective of the research is to analyze the effectiveness of NHI Socialization System by the Office of the Social Security Agency (SSA) of Southeast Sulawesi Province, to model problem and solution problem of effectiveness of Socialization System of NHI. Type of Survey Research, using Mix Qualitative quantitative method. Outpatient patient sample. Patient informant and SSA officer. Data collection using questionnaires, in-depth interviews and document review. The result of the research shows that the implementation of National Health Insurance in SSA Office has been adequate and effective. However, in its implementation still experienced problems both from service mechanism, external environmental aspects, service quality, and service resources. Conclusion; the implementation of the socialization of the National Health Insurance in SSA office has been done effectively but in its implementation still experienced problems such as policy aspects, service management, service quality, and readiness of resources. Recommendation; the need for SSA Parties to improve policy, improve service management, training for officers, and fulfillment of service resources needs.
One of the problems of health services in Indonesia is the issue of availability of health budget. The condition that needs and demand for health services continue to increase from year to year, while the ability of health care providers are easy and cheap is very limited both provided by the government and private parties. This condition forces health services to continue to compete well, while communities have limited ability to obtain affordable health services. As a result the poor and incapable continue to experience health problems because they do not have the cost to purchase health services. Facing these problems, then since January 2014 the government implements the National Health Insurance (NHI) that applies to all the people of Indonesia. With the NHI program, it is expected that there will be no more poor, who do not seek medical treatment because they have no cost. The purpose of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of the Member Card Service System at the Service Office of the National Health Insurance Implementing Agency of the Southeast Sulawesi Province, to model the problems and solutions for the effectiveness of health care services of the National Health Insurance. Type of Survey Research, using Mix Qualitative quantitative method. Sample of outpatients as much 170. Informan patient and SSA officer. Data collection using questionnaires, in-depth interviews and document review. The results of the study show that the general implementation of National Health Insurance in Social Security Agency (SSA) Office has been adequate and effective. But in its implementation still experienced problems both from service mechanism, external environment aspect, organizational behavior / officer and service resources. Conclusion; the implementation of the National Health Insurance in the SSA office has been done effectively but in its implementation still encountered problems such as policy aspects, service management, officer behavior and resource readiness. Recommendation; the need for SSA Parties to improve policies, improve service management, education and training for officers, and the fulfillment of service resources needs.
This article discusses archaeological research of shipwrecks as a form of underwater cultural heritage with special reference to ancient shipwrecks and their cargoes discovered in Peninsular Malaysia from 1907 to 2019. The discussion will include the formation process of underwater cultural heritage, especially the discoveries of shipwreck sites and cargoes which have connections as well as trade, cultural and political relationships with early maritime kingdoms in Southeast Asia. The significance of shipwreck sites in the development of archaeological shipwrecks in Peninsular Malaysia will also be discussed in the contexts of research and education of our national history. This is important for the early development of maritime archaeology's potential, particularly on shipwrecks from the 1990s to the early first decade of the 21st century.
Introduction Undernutrition remains to be the underlying cause to the mortality and morbidity of children globally despite being preventable Underweight, also known as low weight for age, is one of the indicators of malnutrition. Approximately, 10.9 million children under five died in developing countries each year and 60% of the deaths directly or indirectly due to malnutrition. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for underweight among children under five years old in Putrajaya. Methodology A case-control study with a one-to-one ratio between underweight and normal weight children. total of 364 children with underweight and 364 children with normal weight were successfully recruited in this study. The sample was recruited from all government health clinics and preschools in Putrajaya. Data collection was performed by four approaches, face to face interview, anthropometric measurements, finger prick for assessment of hemoglobin level and self-administered 3-days food diary. WHO Anthro software was used to determine the nutritional status of children in this study. Descriptive statistical analysis and logistic regression were performed to determine risk factors that contributed to underweight. Results [Refer to Poster]. Discussion and Conclusion Low birth-weight is the strongest risk factor of underweight. Children with short stature parent three times more likely to become underweight compared to the children with parents height more than 160cm. This indicated that there was a significant association between the care of babysitters and underweight children. Low household income and monthly expenditure for childcare less than RM1000 was associated with underweight children. Anaemia was one of the significant factors related to underweight among children in Putrajaya. This study suggests early pregnancy intervention among mothers to improve foetus nutrition and health status during pregnancy.
Introduction Vegetarian diet has been practiced in many countries in the world. There are growing evidence that vegetarian diet helps to maintain better health status compared to non-vegetarian diet. In Malaysia, there are adults practice vegetarian diet due to different reasons . This study aims to determine the overall prevalence of adults practicing vegetarian diet and to investigate the sociodemographic distribution of vegetarians among adults in Malaysia. Methods 1. Secondary data from the population representative cross-sectional survey, National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019 was analysed. 2. A two-stage stratified cluster sampling design was used in NHMS 2019. 3. Information on socio-demographic background was obtained from a face-toface interview conducted by trained research team members. 4. Vegetarian was defined as respondent who reported practising vegetarian since one month ago during the home visit. 5. Data from 10,419 respondents who were aged 18 years and above, were selected to conduct descriptive analysis and Rao-Scott chi-square test using SPSS software. Results [Refer to Poster]. Discussion Overall, the prevalence of adults practising vegetarian diet was 4.9%. This prevalence is comparable with the findings in the United State (5.0%) 3 . 2. There was no significant difference between location, marital status, education level, and household income among vegetarians. 3. The gender difference of practicing vegetarian diet in this study maybe be as results of different level of adherence to meat intake among males and females4 . 4. The findings of this study will help to alert the government agencies that the population prevalence of adults practicing vegetarian diet with the basic socio-demographic characteristics distribution in the country Conclusion In conclusion, only one in twenty adults in Malaysia were vegetarians. Sex and ethnicity are the factors for vegetarian practice in Malaysia. Future study is suggested to investigate the health status and dietary quality of vegetarians ...
Public complaint management (PCM) is important in determining customer satisfaction. Unsatisfied customers can tarnish the organisation's image and the achievement of customer satisfaction (ACS). This study analyses public complaints from contemporary and Islamic perspectives with a case study at the Lembaga Tabung Haji (TH) in Malaysia. It aims to examine the concepts through how public complaints are governed by the Islamic agency, i.e., TH Malaysia, and investigate whether the PCM has achieved customer satisfaction and is in line with Islamic principles. TH has served the public trust for decades since 1970, but complaints seemed to have no end. Among the customer complaints are poor staff service, such as not being customer friendly, and inefficient services, such as pilgrims getting stranded at the airport. Although customer complaints always occur, studies on PCM in Islamic agencies are still lacking. Due to that, this study chose TH as a case study. The three approaches of Islam, contemporary perspectives and a case study make this study stand out as a robust discussion and further contribute to its novelty. This study uses qualitative methods through structured interviews, literature reviews, and document reviews. It is analysed through descriptive, thematic and document analysis methods. The study found that the highest complaint received by TH was about customer service. However, in order to achieve public satisfaction, TH provided eight physical and online public complaint channels. Overall, the study argues that systematic PCM remains a key concern for achieving customer satisfaction. If public complaints are left unaddressed, it may lead to ineffective governance, customer dissatisfaction and a bad image for Islamic agencies in the long term.
Background Surgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction. Methods This international, prospective, cohort study enrolled 20 006 adult (≥18 years) patients from 466 hospitals in 61 countries with 15 cancer types, who had a decision for curative surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and were followed up until the point of surgery or cessation of follow-up (Aug 31, 2020). Average national Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index scores were calculated to define the government response to COVID-19 for each patient for the period they awaited surgery, and classified into light restrictions (index 60). The primary outcome was the non-operation rate (defined as the proportion of patients who did not undergo planned surgery). Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to explore the associations between lockdowns and non-operation. Intervals from diagnosis to surgery were compared across COVID-19 government response index groups. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04384926. Findings Of eligible patients awaiting surgery, 2003 (10·0%) of 20 006 did not receive surgery after a median follow-up of 23 weeks (IQR 16–30), all of whom had a COVID-19-related reason given for non-operation. Light restrictions were associated with a 0·6% non-operation rate (26 of 4521), moderate lockdowns with a 5·5% rate (201 of 3646; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·77–0·84; p<0·0001), and full lockdowns with a 15·0% rate (1775 of 11 827; HR 0·51, 0·50–0·53; p<0·0001). In sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for SARS-CoV-2 case notification rates, moderate lockdowns (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·80–0·88; p<0·001), and full lockdowns (0·57, 0·54–0·60; p<0·001), remained independently associated with non-operation. Surgery beyond 12 weeks from diagnosis in patients without neoadjuvant therapy increased during lockdowns (374 [9·1%] of 4521 in light restrictions, 317 [10·4%] of 3646 in moderate lockdowns, 2001 [23·8%] of 11 827 in full lockdowns), although there were no differences in resectability rates observed with longer delays. Interpretation Cancer surgery systems worldwide were fragile to lockdowns, with one in seven patients who were in regions with full lockdowns not undergoing planned surgery and experiencing longer preoperative delays. Although short-term oncological outcomes were not compromised in those selected for surgery, delays and non-operations might lead to long-term reductions in survival. During current and future periods of societal restriction, the resilience of elective surgery systems requires strengthening, which might include protected elective surgical pathways and long-term investment in surge capacity for acute care during public health emergencies to protect elective staff and services. Funding National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit, Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, Medtronic, Sarcoma UK, The Urology Foundation, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research.