As a result of the rapid developments in communication technologies, Internet usage has become widespread with each passing day and an integral part of daily life. Computer and internet as the need of the modern era have an important place in children's life as well as adults. Especially with the emergence of Facebook in 2004, internet usage began to increase especially among young people and children. Although the individual must be at least thirteen years old to be able to have a profile on Facebook, today many children under the age of thirteen have Facebook profile. According to the results of the research conducted by Telecommunications Communication Presidency (TIB) on the internet usage habits of children shows that 66% of the children use Social Sharing Sites at least once a day1. Results of EU Kids Online Project report related to children's Internet and Facebook in Turkey are as follows2: • 85% of children use Facebook. • 42% of children set their profile to Public on Facebook. Thus their Facebook account can be seen by anyone on or off Facebook. • 9,6% of children says that they encountered with a sad situation on the web, the ratio of parents who says their children encountered with a sad situation on the web is just 4.5%. • 15% of children stated that they visited websites including harmful information. As indicated, Internet technology is an important part of children's lives as well as adults. It's a well-known fact that these technologies adversely affect the physical, social and psychological development of children and the importance of the role of parents on children's online behavior also accepted. This study aims to reveal parents' awareness of, behavior and attitudes toward their children's use of Facebook. The research sample consists of 11 parents who have at least one child under 13 years and who has a facebook account. Individuals to be included in the sample is determined based on the using snowball sampling method. Semi-structured interviews are conducted with selected parents. Results show that parents feel uneasy about their children's Facebook usage especially when children get exposed to contents including obscene, political and bad words. All of them know the rule about age limitation to have a Facebook account. And parents think their children spent too much time on Facebook and say that they try to limit and control the time they spent on Facebook.
Water management in Texas is increasingly salient as the population grows, water supplies continue to be taxed and the planet continues to warm, resulting in more severe, widespread, and frequent droughts in the state. Public support, though, is often essential for governments to enact large-scale projects, like those that may be needed to tackle water management issues. Given the challenges facing the state of Texas, surprisingly few studies explore public attitudes, preferences, and risk assessments about water-related resource allocations. Will the public act to direct or limit the actions of its elected officials on water issues? Is the public ready to consider policies, regulations, and expenditures concerning the potential impacts of increased drought frequency on Texas water resources? We report the results of 2 public opinion surveys of the citizens of Texas that focused on water management and drought issues. We find that the public is willing to support government efforts to manage water, but not if these efforts negatively affect the environment or agriculture. Citation: Stoutenborough JW, Vedlitz A. 2013. Public attitudes toward water management and drought in Texas. Texas Water Journal. 4(2):47-61. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v4i2.6354.
Public opinion studies on war attitudes say little about civilians who are related to military service members. The authors argue that military "service-connected" individuals are missing voices in the research that examines public support for war. Using over 50,000 observations from the 2010 Cooperative Congressional Election Study, the authors estimate attitudes toward the war in Iraq, the war in Afghanistan, and the use of US military troops in general. The authors find that service-connected civilians express greater support for war and the use of troops than civilians without such a connection. This study discusses the implications of these findings for theoretical advancements in the literature addressing war attitudes and the conceptualization of the "civil-military gap.". [Reprinted by permission; copyright Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces and Society/Sage Publications Inc.]
This paper analyses the language attitudes of autochthonous and immigrant families living in Catalonia towards Spanish and Catalan. The research is intended to assess the possible differences in the language attitudes of students and their parents towards the two languages spoken in Catalonia. The investigation takes a sample of 476 students and their families from several cities in Catalonia who answered an attitude questionnaire. The data were analysed with SPSS and t-tests were performed, with students reporting better attitudes towards Catalan and parents showing more favourable views on Spanish. Statistically significant differences were identified between local and immigrant participants, with non-Spanish families showing worse attitudes to Catalan than towards Spanish. A correlation was found between autochthonous students and their parents when it comes to language attitudes towards the two languages, suggesting that the family environment does have an impact on the development of language attitudes. However, this effect is less visible in the case of immigrant families, where social and educational elements could moderate the impact of language attitudes within the family. ; This work was supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain by the Grants EDU2014-54093-R, EDU2017-82479-R and IJCI-2016-28250; the Catalan Government's Agency for Management of University and Research Grants (AGAUR) by the Grant 2017 SGR 322
Attitude mediation is among the top means of international disputes resolution, where the mediator calls on disputing members states to roundtable negotiations to bring about a resolution and reconciliation. In the context of the GCC, the recent crisis between Qatar and Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Bahrain and Egypt, the mediating country is Kuwait, who attempted to mitigate the escalation of the crisis that otherwise would have led to a military confrontation against Doha to bring about a regime change. This type of resolution effort is at risk of prolonging the crisis that could escalate and prevent the parties to the dispute in reaching reconciliation. In this case, Kuwait, as the mediating nation is faced with the challenge of preventing the damage that could have been wrought to the existence of the GCC in case it failed it its mediating efforts. The matter was compounded by the fact that the dispute went beyond borders with Egypt also boycotting the Turkish troop's presence in Qatar and thus, such a dispute led to a political rift among the GCC counties and their leaders, causing concern to the regimes. This situation posed a threat to the fundamental principles of the states, with the inclusion of those countries that held their neutrality in the dispute.
Making use of data obtained from fieldwork conducted in five major urban centers of Ethiopia in the summer of 2004, this study examines the attitudes of respondents on family size preferences to understand the fertility transition in urban areas. The methodology includes in-depth qualitative interviews and focus group discussions. The findings suggest that children continue to have an immeasurable value for urban residents. However, people differ in their preferences towards family size. A family of four or more children is defined as large by the majority of participants of the study and about three-quarters of them disapproved of large family sizes. The findings show that voluntary childlessness is not within the realm of choice. The overwhelming majority of participants were in favor of small families rather than opting for childlessness. Urban residents have a reproductive goal that takes into account reducing costs in the face of economic hardships and tailoring preferences to achieve upward social mobility. There is emphasis on the wellbeing of relatively smaller number of children and attaining a certain level of investment in one's own human capital which are incompatible with large family size preferences.
Ethnic diversity plays a crucial role in shaping national economic and social policy. A change in the ethnic composition of a country affects citizens' everyday life and social environment and may challenge present societal values, such as solidarity with and trust in fellowcitizens. Based on the European Social Survey, I showthat more contact with members of other ethnic groups in daily life is positively related to more open attitudes of natives towards immigrants. More interethnic contact of natives reduces their social distance to immigrants, their perception of immigrants as a threat to society, and their opposition to future immigration. In turn, an open-minded and tolerant attitude promotes mutual trust and solidarity within society. Since attachment to fellow residents and a feeling of fellowship are essential drivers for supporting governmental redistribution measures, I argue that there is no direct, but an indirect relationship between ethnic diversity and natives' support for redistribution, with attitudes towards immigrants and immigration acting as mediators. By applying bivariate recursive probit estimations, I can decompose the predictors' marginal effects on natives' support for redistribution into a direct effect and an indirect effect that works through natives' attitudes towards immigrants. A decompositionmethod that has so far been relatively unnoticed in the empirical literature. Our results reveal that perception of immigrants as a threat to societal values or country's economy decrease natives' support for redistribution substantially by 15 to 22 percent. The same applies to natives who reject future inflows of immigrants. Natives' desire for social distance to immigrants in private and working life, however, does not affect their demand for redistribution. Thus, the diffuse fear of losing intangible goods triggered by immigration is substantial in the formation of natives' socio-political attitudes. Living in ethnically more diverse neighborhoods, though, increases natives' support for redistribution by 0.4 to 1.5 percent through the promotion of pro-immigrant attitudes and stronger solidarity with fellow residents. These results are robust to IV estimation strategies, which control for reverse causality and the possibility of natives' selective out-migration. ; Ethnische Diversität spielt eine gewichtige Rolle in der Ausgestaltung und Entwicklung nationaler Wirtschafts- und Sozialpolitiken. Eine Veränderung der ethnischen Zusammensetzung eines Landes wirkt sich auf den sozialen Alltag und das soziale Umfeld der Bürger aus und kann bestehende Normen und Werte der Mehrheitsgesellschaft, wie Solidarität mit und Vertrauen zu Mitbürgern, auf den Prüfstand stellen. Anhand des European Social Survey zeigen wir, dass ein mehr an Kontakt im Alltag zu Mitgliedern anderer ethnischer Gruppen sich in einer offeneren Haltung der Einheimischen gegenüber Einwanderern widerspiegelt. Mehr interethnischer Kontakt der Einheimischen senkt die soziale Distanz zu Einwanderern, die Wahrnehmung von Einwanderern als Bedrohung für die Gesellschaft und die Ablehnung von zukünftiger Einwanderung. Eine aufgeschlossenere und tolerantere Haltung fördert wiederum gegenseitiges Vertrauen und Solidarität innerhalb der Gesellschaft. Da Solidarität in Form einer Verbundenheit mit den Mitbürgern des Landes eine wesentliche Triebkraft für die Unterstützung von staatlichen Umverteilungsmaßnahmen ist, begründen wir, dass es keine direkte, sondern eine indirekte Beziehung zwischen der ethnischen Vielfalt und der Präferenz für Umverteilung der Einheimischen gibt, indem die Einstellung gegenüber Einwandern als Mediator wirkt. Durch die Anwendung bivariater rekursiver Probit-Schätzungen können wir den Einfluss von Determinanten auf die Umverteilungspräferenz der Einheimischen in einen direkten Effekt und einen indirekten Effekt, der durch die Einstellung der Einheimischen gegenüber Einwanderern wirkt, zerlegen. Eine Dekompositionsmethode, die bisher in der empirischen Literatur relativ unbemerkt geblieben ist. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Wahrnehmung von Einwanderern als Gefährder der gesellschaftlichen Wertvorstellungen oder als Bedrohung für die wirtschaftliche Prosperität des Landes die Unterstützung staatlicher Umverteilung erheblich um 15 bis 22 Prozent senkt. Das Gleiche gilt für Einheimische, die eine zukünftige Einwanderung ablehnen. Keinen Einfluss auf die Umverteilungspräferenz der Einheimischen hat hingegen ihr Wunsch nach sozialer Distanz im Privat- und Arbeitsleben. Abstrakte und gesellschaftspolitische Ängste, ausgelöst durch die Einwanderung, spielen somit eher eine signifikante Rolle in der Formierung sozialpolitischer Wünsche der Einheimischen. Das Leben in ethnisch vielfältigeren Nachbarschaften hingegen erhöht die Unterstützung der Einheimischen für staatliche Umverteilung um 0,4 bis 1,5 Prozent, indem eine einwandererfreundliche Einstellung und solidarischere Position eingenommen wird. Diese Ergebnisse sind robust gegenüber IV-Schätzungsstrategien, die eine umgekehrte Kausalität und die Möglichkeit einer selektiven Abwanderung der Einheimischen kontrollieren.
In light of increases in GB over the past decades in legislative activity & controversy concerning homosexual rights & practices, explored here is public opinion on these issues, focusing on the influence of party identification. Analysis of data from the 1987-1990 British Social Attitudes Surveys suggests that although party identification exerts an independent & statistically significant effect on attitudes toward homosexuals, these effects are both secondary & variable. Other equally, if not more salient, determinants include: gender, education, age, occupation, & type of homosexual relationship; of these, both age & education stand out as having the strongest & most consistent effect; antihomosexual views are most prevalent among older individuals & the lesser educated. 4 Tables, 27 References. Adapted from the source document.
This paper studies changes in the patterns of drug consumption and attitudes towards drugs in relation to sky-high (youth) unemployment rates brought about by the Great Recession. Our analysis is based on data for 28 European countries that refer to young people. We find that the consumption of cannabis and 'new substances' is positively related to increasing unemployment rates. An increase of 1% in the regional unemployment rate is associated with an increase of 0.7 percentage points in the ratio of young people who state that they have consumed cannabis at some point in time. Our findings also indicate that higher unemployment may be associated with more young people perceiving that access to drugs has become more difficult, particularly access to ecstasy, cocaine and heroin. According to young Europeans, when the economy worsens, anti-drug policies should focus on the reduction of poverty and unemployment, and not on implementing tougher measures against users ; This paper has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement no. 649395, projecttitle: NEGOTIATE – Overcoming early job-insecurity in Europe. Sara Ayllón alsoacknowledges support from the projects ECO2013-46516-C4-1-R, ECO2016-76506-C4-4-R and 2014-SGR-1279 and is very grateful for the warm hospitality receivedin the Department of Social Sciences at the University of Eastern Finland, where thispaper was revised
The present study investigates how Poles perceive the post-communist political system of contemporary Poland. A nationwide random sample of 400 adults was selected, using a probability quota sampling strategy, and interviewed face-to-face in respondents' homes. The chief outcome variables were: full acceptance, conditional acceptance, and rejection of the Polish version of democracy. The majority of respondents generally approved, fully or at least conditionally, the new democratic system in Poland. Multiple regression analyses showed that differential attitudes toward Polish democracy depend on respondents' age, their understanding of the concept of democracy, evaluations of democracy in general, and levels of political anomie. [Copyright The Regents of the University of California; published by Elsevier Ltd.]
A theoretical framework not previously tested in environmental research is used to investigate the indirect relationship between ecological concern & voting behavior. Results of a mail survey of approximately 500 Rs in Calif & Colo indicate that the effects of ecological concern are mediated by attitudinal, normative, & behavioral intention variables. The results also provide a partial test of the validity of I. Ajzen's & M. Fishbein's theory of reasoned action (Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1980). Key environmental, public policy, & communications implications are discussed. 1 Table, 1 Figure, 1 Appendix, 41 References. Modified AA
Purpose – This paper aims to present the findings of a survey into attitudes towards the environment and the pro-environmental behaviours of young adults in Vietnam.
Design/Methodology/Approach – An online survey was administered to university students in Vietnam's two most populous cities, Ha Noi and Ho Chi Minh City (N = 391).
Findings – The results suggest that environmental considerations are not taken into account in young Vietnamese adults' purchase intentions. This is more evident in expressive purchases, but also, to some degree, in utilitarian purchases.
Practical implications – For the marketers of environmentally friendly products, this represents at least two key challenges: first, to try to shift the attitudes of young adult consumers towards thinking of environmental friendliness as an attractive characteristic and status-filled activity for potential expressive purchases. Second, making environmentally friendly alternatives of expressive goods more visible and more widely available in Vietnam.
Social implications – Non-government organisations and governments seeking to protect the environment need to consider this unique dynamic in social marketing campaigns to increase the desirability of pro-environmental product choices and other pro-environmental behaviours.
Originality/value – This paper examines pro-environmental behaviours and intentions of young adults in Vietnam for the first time. The paper establishes that self-expression is more important than the environment, and it is also evident that these young consumers are still vulnerable to perceived social pressure when it comes to expressing themselves.
Previous analyses of the 1958 congressional election survey included 3 attitude scales: soc welfare, internat'iism, & civil rights. Constituency att's on these dimensions were shown to constrain the legislative behavior of congressmen. Reanalysis of the 1958 data failed to replicate these scales. Instead, a more general liberalism index was constructed. This index cut across the 3 issue areas identified in the earlier analysis. Constituency conservatism, as measured by this index, was shown to be related to attempts on the part of legislators to limit federal spending. AA.
