Suchergebnisse

The European national governments have delegated a series of competencies to a central agency called the European Commission. Among them, two are considered in this paper: research policy and regional development. However, delegating those competencies to a central agency does not prevent the national governments to still be active in those fields. Here, we model and discuss how the level of commitment of a central authority toward poor regions affects the design of the best decision process. We explore cases of full centralization and full decentralization, and situations where the two levels of government are allowed to take decisions, either simultaneously or sequentially. In that latter case we make a distinction between a situation where the central agency decides first like in most federations, and a situation where it decides second, then being an agent of the national governments, a setting especially relevant for the European Union. We show in particular that, when the degree of commitment of the centre is high, assignment of redistributive competencies to both levels of power is a better proxy for centralization than decentralization. Additionally, the poorer region may find its best interest in an institutional design where regions decide first.

The European national governments have delegated a series of competencies to a central agency called the European Commission. Among them, two are considered in this paper: research policy and regional development. However, delegating those competencies to a central agency does not prevent the national governments to still be active in those fields. Here, we model and discuss how the level of commitment of a central authority toward poor regions affects the design of the best decision process. We explore cases of full centralization and full decentralization, and situations where the two levels of government are allowed to take decisions, either simultaneously or sequentially. In that latter case we make a distinction between a situation where the central agency decides first like in most federations, and a situation where it decides second, then being an agent of the national governments, a setting especially relevant for the European Union. We show in particular that, when the degree of commitment of the centre is high, assignment of redistributive competencies to both levels of power is a better proxy for centralization than decentralization. Additionally, the poorer region may find its best interest in an institutional design where regions decide first.

The European national governments have delegated a series of competencies to a central agency called the European Commission. Among them, two are considered in this paper: research policy and regional development. However, delegating those competencies to a central agency does not prevent the national governments to still be active in those fields. Here, we model and discuss how the level of commitment of a central authority toward poor regions affects the design of the best decision process. We explore cases of full centralization and full decentralization, and situations where the two levels of government are allowed to take decisions, either simultaneously or sequentially. In that latter case we make a distinction between a situation where the central agency decides first like in most federations, and a situation where it decides second, then being an agent of the national governments, a setting especially relevant for the European Union. We show in particular that, when the degree of commitment of the centre is high, assignment of redistributive competencies to both levels of power is a better proxy for centralization than decentralization. Additionally, the poorer region may find its best interest in an institutional design where regions decide first.

The purpose of this article is to review the models of sustainable leadership which are currently available in the compulsory sector to establish whether the models are appropriate for post-compulsory education, and in particular for general further education colleges. Due to the complexities of the environment in which further education colleges operate, models of sustainable leadership have not been applied to this sector. In order to achieve this, leadership challenges for further education will be explored and the sector's responses to these will be considered. Many of these challenges are based on government pressure for efficiency and effectiveness savings, and so will be contextualised in a new managerial framework. The article then goes on to examine current models of sustainable leadership, looking at whether they are applicable for general further education colleges. Should they not be appropriate, then a suggested model will be put forward which draws on the transferable components for existing models with additions which are appropriate to the post-compulsory sector.

Over the past several years, veteran enrollment in universities, community colleges, and vocational programs has increased dramatically, with over a quarter million student veterans taking advantage of military-related educational benefits packages, which have become one of the few remaining federal sources of grant funds for students pursuing higher education. Yet existing literature on the topic harkens back to Vietnam era issues and practices, and current administrators and faculty members likely have little experience serving this population. Significant changes in higher education and war

As climate change raises sea levels, it is unclear how the international community will handle the physical disappearance of several island states. (Survival / SWP)

The content of the article analyzes the processes (algorithms) globalization and its impact on the institution of the state. Various methodological approaches to the study of global processes and theoretical and practical models of transformation of state institutions. It is shown that modernization and globolokalnye trends significantly affect the meaning and the socio-cultural dynamics of the state as a political phenomenon, problematizing essence, the basic functions and tasks, the social role of public authorities in the political life of society. It is noted that the current process of globalization significantly increase risk- taking functioning of local, national and regional living spaces, put in a tough relationship from the activities of the government. The paper concludes that the international political communication, based on national unity, sovereignty and national integrity, evolves in the direction of adapting (a constantly changing and perestrukturiruyuschihsya) cooperative arrangements, where state power is considered as one of the global actors involved in the political process on an equal basis with non-governmental civil institutions, transnational actors, the military-political blocs. At the same time, the authors argue that globalization is qualitatively enrich and complicate the role of the state, is justified, that this institution will not lose its dominant position in the international cooperation in the management of intra-national processes. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s6p277