Suchergebnisse

Acknowledgement -- Introduction -- Maps -- Chapter 1 Travel Literature and Geographical Guides - 1. Al-Harawi on Antioch, Tiberias and its surroundings, Acre, Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Hebron, and Ascalon -2. Ibn Jubayr on the Christians of Mount Lebanon and trade between Muslims and Franks - 3. Ibn Jubayr on the cities of Banzas, Acre, Tyre, and the Muslims under Frankish rule - 4. Yaqut al-Hamawi on Ascalon, Jaffa, Caesarea, Atlit, Acre, Tyre, Margat, Saone, and Kerak -- Chapter 2 Jihad Books an Juridical Directives - 1. Ibn 'Asakir on Jihad - Al-'Izz son of 'Abd al-Salam's juridical directive banning the sale of arms to the Franks - 4. Ibn Taymuyya's juridical directive against the Shi'is -- Chapter 3 Chronicles, Memoirs, and Poetry - 1. Ibn al-Athir on the emerence of the Franks - 2. Ibn al-Qalanisi on the capture of Antioch, Ma'arrat al-Nu'man, and Jerusalem, and the attack against Ascalon in 1098-1099 - 3. Ibn Al-Athir on the capture or Jerusalem and the attack against Ascalon - 4. Al-'Azimi on the Battle of the Field of Blood (1119) and several events between 1108 and 1141 - 5. Hamdan al-Atharibi on receiving a land tenure from the Frankish lord of al-Atharib - 6. Al-Qaysarani's poems about the Frankish and Greek women in Antioch - 7. Ibn al-Qalanisi on the siege of Damascus in 1148 - 8. Ibn al-Athir on the siege of Damascus - 9. Ibn'asakir's poem about Nur al-Din in honor of his forces taking Egypt in 1169 - 10. Ibn al-Athir on the defeat of the Franks at Hattin in 1187 - 11. 'Imad al-Dinal-Ifsahani on the seizure of the Relic of the True Cross, the capture of Tiberias, and the execution of the Frankish prisoners - 12. Rashid al-Din al-Nabulusi's poem on Saladin's liberation of Jerusalem in 1187 - 13. Ibn Shaddad on the expedition of the German emperor and the letter of the Armenian catholicos to Saladin in 1190 - 14. Ibn Al-Athir on the Frank's capture of Damietta in 1219 and their defeat in 1221 - 15. Sibt Ibn al-Jawzi on al-Mu'azzam's destruction of the wall of Jerusalem in 1219 - 16. Sibt Ibn al-Jawzi on the Frank's capture of Damietta in 1219 and their defeat in 1221 - 17. Sibt Ibn al-Jawzi on the envoys of Frederick to al-Mu'azzam in 1226 - 18. Ibn Wasil on Frederick arriving in Acre in September 1228 - 19. Sibt Ibn al-Jawzi on Frederick's visit to the Noble Sanctuary of Jerusalem in March 1229 - 20. Ibn Wasil on the negotiations between al-Kamil and Frederick, and the emperor's visit to the Haram of Jerusalem - 21. Ibn Wasil on the handing over of Jerusalem to the Franks in 1243 - 22. Al-Yumini on a local Christian ransoming a Muslim captive from a Frank - 23. Jamal al-Din Ibn Matruh's poem on the defeat of King Louis IX near Damietta in 1250 - 24. Abu Shama on the Mongol's capture of Damascus in 1260 - 25. Ibn Wasil on the battle o 'Ayn Jalut in 1260 and related events - 26. Ibn Wasil on a Muslim embassy to Emperor Manfred in 1262 - 27. Baybars al-Mansuri on the capture of Crac des Chevaliers (1271) the death of the Sultan Baybars (1278) and teh capture of Tyre, Sidon, Atlit, Beirut, and Haifa (1291) - 28. Al-Nuwayri al-Iskandarani on Peter of Cyprus's sack of Alexandria in 1365 -- Chapter 4 Biographies - 1. Ibn 'Asakir on Jesus - 2. Ibn 'Asakir on al-Findalawii - 3. Ibn 'Asakir on Nur al-Din - 4. Sibt Ibn al-jawzi on al-Mu'azzam - 5. Al-Dhahabi on al-Mu'azzam - 6. Ibn Abu Usaybi'a on the Christian physician Ya'qub son of Siqlab - 7. Al-Dhahabi on the Christian physicianya'qub son of Siqlab -- Chapter 5 Correspondences, Treaties, and Truces - 1. Al-Qalqashandi's account of Saladin's letter of condolence to King Baldwin IV in 1174 - 2. Ibn Shadda on Saladin's negotiations with Richard the Lionheart in 1191 and the latter's proposal that al-'Adil marry Richard's sister Joan - 3. Ibn Nazif al-Hamawi's account of Frederick's letter to commander Fakhr al-Din son of Shaykh al-Shuyukh - 4. Al-Qalqashandi's account of the oaths of the truce between Sultan Qalawun and the Franks of Acre, Sidon, and Atlit -- Chapter 6 Inscriptions - 1. Fatimid inscription on a tower fortification in Ascalon (1150) - 2. Inscription on the pulpit that Nur al-Din commissioned for the Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem (1168-1169) - 3. Inscription panel marking the foundation of a trench around the fortification wall of the old city of Jerusalem during the reign of Saladin (1191) - 4. Inscription above the entrance to St.Anne's Church in Jerusalem, transformed into a college of Shafi'i law and named after Saladin al-Madrasa al-Salihiyya (1192) - 5. Inscription above the main entrance gate to the shrine in Hebron housing the cenotaphs of Isaac and Rebecca (1215) - 6. Foundation inscription on the wall of the Fortress os Subayba (Nimrod's Fortress) on the hllls overlooking Bayas (1228) - 7. Inscription above the arch of the gate to the northwest tower of the Fortress of Subaya - 8. Inscription on a mosque in the village of Bayt Hanun (1239) - 9. Inscription on the mausoleum of Khalid son of al-Walid in Hims (1266) - 10. Inscription on the shrine of Salman al-Farisi in Ashood (1269) - 11. Inscription commemorating Baybars's renovations of Crac des Chevaliers (1271) - 12. Inscription commemorating Baybars's renovations of the Fortress of Subaya (1275) - 13. Inscription on a hospice for pilgrims in Jerusalem (1282) - 15. Inscription on the top and the bottom of the two doors of the gate that leads to the shrine housing the cenotaphs of Abraham and Sarah (1286) -- Apprendix A Islamic calendar -- Apprendix B Quranic Verses on war and peace -- Appendix C Bibliographic Overview of the Major Muslim sources of the Crusader Period -- Apprendix D Glossary of Dynasties, Persons, Sects, Terms, etc. -- Bibliography --index A Honorific titles -- Index B names -- Index C Place Names -- Index D Terms and Events -- Index E Quranic and Biblical References.

"Islamische Staaten geraten durch die Verfolgung Homosexueller immer wieder in den Blickpunkt der westlichen Medien, die solche Vorfälle gern als Zeichen kultureller Rückständigkeit interpretieren. Einige Bundesländer schlugen deshalb vor, Muslime im Einbürgerungsverfahren nach ihrer Einstellung zu Homosexuellen zu befragen. Zeigen sich deklassierte Halbstarke aus Migrantenfamilien aggressiv gegenüber Schwulen, werden reflexhaft religiöse Motive unterstellt. Dabei beschworen Homosexuelle die Kultur des "Orient" noch zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts als ein tolerantes Gegenbeispiel zu den Jahrhunderten religiöser und säkularer Verfolgung in Europa. Die klassische arabische Liebeslyrik z.B. ist voll von gleichgeschlechtlichen Motiven, die man in der Literatur des "aufgeklärten" Abendlands vergeblich sucht. Man mag kaum glauben, dass sich die Lebensweise in islamischen Gesellschaften in einer so kurzen Zeitspanne auf so einschneidende Weise geändert haben soll. Doch gerade diejenigen, die mit dem Finger auf die Homophobie der islamischen Welt zeigen, gehen jeder Erklärung dieses Wandels aus dem Weg. Anhand zahlreicher historischer und aktueller Quellen belegt der Autor, dass die Schwulenverfolgung in Ländern wie Iran und Ägypten weniger das Relikt einer vormodernen Vergangenheit ist. Vielmehr handelt es sich um das Resultat einer gewaltsamen Angleichung an die Denkformen ihrer ehemaligen Kolonialherren, die Homosexuelle im Prozess der Modernisierung erstmals identifiziert, benannt und zum Objekt staatlichen Handelns gemacht haben. Homophobie ist eine Erfindung des christlichen Westens, die im Zuge der Globalisierung in die entlegensten Winkel dieser Welt exportiert wird." (Verlagsbeschreibung)

Kapitel 1 - Einleitung 17. - Kapitel 2 - al-Färäbī 43. - Kapitel 3 - Nizäm al-Mulk 55. - Kapitel 4 - Ibn Taymiyya 65. - Kapitel 5 - Ibn Khaldün 81. - Kapitel 6 - Afghänī, 'Abduh, Ridä und ' Abd al-Räziq 91. - Kapitel 7 - Muhammad Iqbäl 115. - Kapitel 8 - Esad Bey 131. - Kapitel 9 - Hasan al-Bannä 151. - Kapitel 10 - Sayyid Qutb 173. - Kapitel 11 - Muhammad Asad 191. - Kapitel 12 - Khomeini 207. - Kapitel 13 - Nasr Hamid Abü Zaid 221. - Kapitel 14 - Elijah Muhammad 229. - Kapitel 15 - Qaradäwi 237

Hansen explores the history of the Somalia based Al Harakat Al Shabaab from 2005 to 2012, offering the first in-detail history of one of the most important Al-Qaeda affiliates today and the first to conquer large territories. He anchors the organisation in its local context, describing it as set in the nexus of global and local streams of influence, employing terror strategically, often in order to offset diplomatic and military defeats. He then follows it as an early network into the post-2010 phase where it struggles against a superior enemy but still remains an actor to be reckoned with

Hindu nationalism has emerged as a political ideology represented by the Hindu Mahasabha. This book explores the campaign for Hindu unity and organisation in the context of the Hindu-Muslim conflict in colonial north India in the early 20th century.

In the post-Cold War era, why has democratization been slow to arrive in the Arab world? This book argues that to understand support for the authoritarian status quo in parts of this region--and the willingness of its citizens to compromise on core democratic principles--one must factor in how a strong U.S. presence and popular anti-Americanism weakens democratic voices. Examining such countries as Jordan, Kuwait, Morocco, Palestine, and Saudi Arabia, Amaney Jamal explores how Arab citizens decide whether to back existing regimes, regime transitions, and democratization projects, and how the global position of Arab states shapes people's attitudes toward their governments.

For over a quarter century, Iran has been one of America's chief nemeses. Ever since Ayatollah Khomeini overthrew the Shah in 1979, the relationship between the two nations has been antagonistic: revolutionary guards chanting against the Great Satan, Bush fulminating against the Axis of Evil, Iranian support for Hezbollah, and President Ahmadinejad blaming the U.S. for the world's ills.The unending war of words suggests an intractable divide between Iran and the West, one that may very well lead to a shooting war in the near future. But as Ray Takeyh shows in this accessible and authoritative history of Iran's relations with the world since the revolution, behind the famous personalities and extremist slogans is a nation that is far more pragmatic--and complex--than many in the West have been led to believe. Takeyh explodes many of our simplistic myths of Iran as an intransigently Islamist foe of the West. Tracing the course of Iranian policy since the 1979 revolution, Takeyh identifies four distinct periods: the revolutionary era of the 1980s, the tempered gradualism following the death of Khomeini and the end of the Iran-Iraq war in 1989, the "reformist" period from 1997-2005 under President Khatami, and the shift toward confrontation and radicalism since the election of President Ahmadinejad in 2005.Takeyh shows that three powerful forces--Islamism, pragmatism, and great power pretensions--have competed in each of these periods, and that Iran's often paradoxical policies are in reality a series of compromises between the hardliners and the moderates, often with wild oscillations between pragmatism and ideological dogmatism. The U.S.'s task, Takeyh argues, is to find strategies that address Iran's objectionable behavior without demonizing this key player in an increasingly vital and volatile region. With its clear-sighted grasp of both nuance

Preliminary material /R. Shaham -- Chapter One. The Mukhtaíar of Al-Khiraqī and its place in the formation of Ḥanbalī legal doctrine /Nimrod Hurvitz -- Chapter Two. Law and custom in the Maghrib, 1475–1500: On the disinheritance of women /David S. Powers -- Chapter Three. Women as expert witnesses in pre-modern islamic courts /Ron Shaham -- Chapter Four. Qāḍī, Muftī and ruler: Their roles in the development of islamic law /Miriam Hoexter -- Chapter Five. Ottoman Qāḍīs in DAMASCUS IN THE 16TH–18TH centuries /Michael Winter -- Chapter Six. Patronage, intervention and violence in the legal process in eighteenth-century Salonica and its province /Eyal Ginio -- Chapter Seven. Archaic forms of contract in Max Weber's theories and in Arab and Somali customary law /Frank H. Stewart -- Chapter Eight. Provincial judges: the Sharī'a judiciary of mid-twentieth-century Yemen /Brinkley Messick -- Chapter Nine. "All of Palestine is holy Muslim Waqf Land": A myth and its roots /Yitzhak Reiter -- Chapter Ten. Legal reform, interpretive communities and the quest for legitimacy: A contextual analysis of a legal circular /Ido Shahar -- List of contributors /R. Shaham -- Bibliography /R. Shaham -- Index /R. Shaham.