Suchergebnisse

Diskutiert wird der aus der Anthropologie her kommende Ansatz der "cultural analysis" oder "grid-group-analysis", der sich mit der kulturellen Erklärung von Politikinhalten, -strukturen und -prozessen, anders ausgedrückt: mit dem Zusammenhang zwischen institutionellen Formen, Verfahrensregeln und Stilen sowie Normen und Werten beschäftigt. Der u.a. von Aaron Wildavsky entwickelte Ansatz wird hinsichtlich seiner "Versprechungen", seiner logischen Struktur und zentralen Aussagen sowie seiner Anwendungen (exemplarisch: die Erklärung unterschiedlicher Risikoakzeptanz in der Technologiepolitik) dargestellt und kritisch gewürdigt. (AuD-Br)

Scientific authorship has become a contested terrain in contemporary science. Based on a survey of authors across fields, we measure the likelihood of specialist authors (sometimes called "guest" authors): people who only made specialized contributions, such as data, materials, or funding; and "nonauthor collaborators" (sometimes referred to as "ghost" authors): those who did significant work on the project but do not appear as authors, across different research contexts, including field, size of the project team, commercial orientation, impact of publication, and organization of the collaboration. We find that guest and ghost authors are common, with about one-third of publications having at least one specialist author and over half having at least one nonauthor collaborator. We see significant cross-field variations in both overall rates and types of specialist authors and nonauthor collaborators. We find there are generally fewer specialist authors among highly cited papers and more graduate student nonauthor collaborators in single location projects. The results suggest authorship practices vary across fields, and by project characteristics, complicating the use of authorship lists as a basis for evaluation (especially when comparing across fields or types of projects). We discuss implications of these findings for interpreting author lists in the context of science policy.

Based on fieldwork among state officials, NGOs, politicians, and activists in Costa Rica and Brazil, A Future History of Water traces the unspectacular work necessary to make water access a human right and a human right something different from a commodity. Andrea Ballestero shows how these ephemeral distinctions are made through four technolegal devices—formula, index, list and pact. She argues that what is at stake in these devices is not the making of a distinct future but what counts as the future in the first place. A Future History of Water is an ethnographically rich and conceptually charged journey into ant-filled water meters, fantastical water taxonomies, promises captured on slips of paper, and statistical maneuvers that dissolve the human of human rights. Ultimately, Ballestero demonstrates what happens when instead of trying to fix its meaning, we make water's changing form the precondition of our analyses.

This book combines perspectives from political science, history and geography to provide a comprehensive introduction to the notion of European space. It introduces students to the traditional structures and institutions of local government and shows how these have been transformed in response to increased economic and political competition, new ideas, institutional reform and the Europeanization of public policy. At the book's core is the perceived transition from local government to local governance. The book traces this key development thematically across a wide range of West European states including: Belgium, France, Greece, Italy, Germany, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom.

"Examining the practice of 'political technology', this book explores how Russia is no longer a democracy but an aggressive propaganda state which exports its problems globally. Andrew Wilson shows how many other countries have voluntarily adopted or developed similar technologies which now crossfertilise and influence each other"--

"Haunted Data explores the concepts that are at work in our complex relationships with data. Our engagement with data - big or small - is never as simplistic or straightforward as might first appear. Indeed, Blackman argues that our relationship with data is haunted with errors, dead ends, ghostly figures, and misunderstandings that challenge core assumptions about the nature of thought, consciousness, mind, cognition, affect, communication, control and rationality, both human and non-human. Using contemporary controversies from 'weird science' including the field of priming and its uncanny relations to animal telepathy, as well as artificial intelligences and their curious relation to psychic research ('clairvoyant computers'), Blackman shows how some of the current crises in science in these areas reveal more than scientists are willing or even able to acknowledge. In addition to proposing a new theory of how we might engage with data, Haunted Data also provides a nuanced survey of the historical context to contemporary debates, going back to the 19th Century origins of modern computation and science to explain the ubiquity and oddness of our data relations. Drawing from radical philosophies of science, feminist science studies, queer theory, cultural studies, and the field of affect studies, the book develops a manifesto for how artists, philosophers and scientists might engage creatively and critically with science within the context of digital communication."--Bloomsbury Publishing

Abstract
Privatization is one of the most significant phenomena and characteristics of contemporary science, but also probably its greatest deviation. Through the growing funding of research by private companies, science has been increasingly used to create profit. It is instrumentalized by being reduced to a marketing tool. In medicine today, most of the applied research is sponsored by the producers of agents and equipment for diagnostics and treatment. Through the manipulation by the methodology of research, result presentation and selective publication, they produce findings which are invalid and biased. The topic of research is less and less relevant for the health and well-being of the population. With the medical science being privatized, the prospects of significant discoveries and progress in disease treatment and prevention are slim. A rise of costs is inevitable, as well as the decrease in the availability. Along with the privatized medical science, the chances for more significant findings and progress in treatment and illness prevention are not good. The growth in expenses is apparent, as well as the downturn in the availability of healthcare services and the erosion of trust in science and scientists. Privatization of science is a phenomenon which is rarely discussed. It deserves greater attention because it can have significant consequences on the nature and the excellence of scientific findings and is relevant in the social and cultural context.

This review presents a comprehensive and systematic study of the field of plant biostimulants and considers the fundamental and innovative principles underlying this technology. The elucidation of the biological basis of biostimulant function is a prerequisite for the development of science-based biostimulant industry and sound regulations governing these compounds. The task of defining the biological basis of biostimulants as a class of compounds, however, is made more complex by the diverse sources of biostimulants present in the market, which include bacteria, fungi, seaweeds, higher plants, animals and humate-containing raw materials, and the wide diversity of industrial processes utilized in their preparation. To distinguish biostimulants from the existing legislative product categories we propose the following definition of a biostimulant as "a formulated product of biological origin that improves plant productivity as a consequence of the novel or emergent properties of the complex of constituents, and not as a sole consequence of the presence of known essential plant nutrients, plant growth regulators, or plant protective compounds." The definition provided here is important as it emphasizes the principle that biological function can be positively modulated through application of molecules, or mixtures of molecules, for which an explicit mode of action has not been defined. Given the difficulty in determining a "mode of action" for a biostimulant, and recognizing the need for the market in biostimulants to attain legitimacy, we suggest that the focus of biostimulant research and validation should be upon proof of efficacy and safety and the determination of a broad mechanism of action, without a requirement for the determination of a specific mode of action. While there is a clear commercial imperative to rationalize biostimulants as a discrete class of products, there is also a compelling biological case for the science-based development of, and experimentation with biostimulants in the expectation that ...

A year ago the Journal of Social Science Education 4/2010 invites to debate the foundation of social science literacy. What are the competences, and 'what are' the contents, and individual needs to understand the relations, systems and orders of society, economy and politics? What helps to make autonomously found decisions and responsible judgements in individual and social life? What kind of abilities are needed for autonomous action within ones own life in order to participate within the given frames of society, economy and politics, in shaping them or in creating new rules. Search and discussion of the relevant concepts and competences in the domain of social science education are going on. Nevertheless the research on testing and diagnosing social science literacy is carried as well – despite the absence of a consensus on content.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- Local Public Sphere and Informational Politics -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Localizing Public Sphere -- Informational Politics and Contentions Public Sphere -- Informational Politics on Madison's Low-Income Housing Policy -- Semantic Networks on Madison's IZ -- Local Mass Media's Influence on Community Leaders -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Funding -- References -- Biographical Sketch -- Chapter 2 -- Neighborhood Effect and Mıllet kıraathane as a Space for Political Communication -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Literature Review -- Public Sphere -- Neighborhood Effect -- Kıraathane as a Space for Political Communication -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 -- Racialized Metaphors as Political Communication: Putting the U.S. "Caravan Crisis" in Historical Perspective -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methods -- A History of the Present -- The Black Legend -- The Color Line -- The State of Nature -- Destined to Lead -- Roosevelt Corollary to the Good Neighbor Policy -- World War II and the Cold War -- The Drug War and Economic Integration -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 -- The Power of Political Prayer in Nigeria -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Campaign in the Name of Prayer -- The Power of Public Prayer -- Theological Basis for Political Prayer -- Pauline Divinization of Political Power and Politicization of Prayer -- The Church as a Neutral Public Space for Political Prayer -- Conclusion -- References -- Index -- Blank Page.