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Historical analysis of the first amendment reveals that it was adopted primarily to safeguard and promote self-government through the communication of political ideas and attitudes among citizens. The author argues that these political underpinnings support the recognition of a freedom to hear corresponding to the freedoms of speech and press. Implementation of this freedom, recognizing its political basis, would eliminate many infringements on activity the Framers intended to protect. A freedom to hear would also provide a useful analytic tool in alleviating much of the repressive influence on political activity exerted by the private sector.

Explores shifting theories of the roles of markets, hierarchies, interfirm alliances, & governments in organizing economic activity. It is argued that, while there are a number of reasons for changing theories, differences among scholars generally reflect the time frame of their analyses. Current internationalization &, more recently, globalization of economic activity modify the governance of resource creation & deployment. The growing mobility of both tangible & intangible assets, as well as changing patterns of demand & technological advances, makes modification of the agenda & policies of national & supranational organizations necessary. More scholarship is needed on the role of geography in economic policy making. 1 Table, 102 References. Adapted from the source document.

Cover -- Half Title -- Dedication -- Title -- Copyright -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- CONTENTS -- LIST OF TABLES -- 1. American Entanglement in Three-dimensional Politics -- Legacies -- 2. The Islamic Tradition -- 3. The Beginnings of Military Modernization -- 4. European Imperial Styles -- Postwar Politics -- 5. Military Politics and the Lingering Cold War -- 6. Armies in Postwar Politics -- Military Republics -- 7. Egypt: Military Rule in a Rapidly Changing Society -- 8. Military Roulette: Syria and Iraq -- 9. Sudan: Military Interruption of Civilian Rule -- Military-Civilian Coalitions -- 10. Junior Partners: Pakistan and Algeria -- 11. Concealed Partners: Pakistan and Turkey -- Traditional Monarchies -- 12. Libya: Triumph of Sanusi Leadership -- 13. Saudi Arabia: The Peninsula Under Najdi Rule -- 14. Yemen: Test of Zaydi Durability -- Modernizing Monarchies -- 15. An American Client: Iran -- 16. Cold War Beneficiary: Afghanistan -- 17. Jordan: Keeping a Nonviable State Alive -- 18. Constitutional Absolutism: Morocco -- 19. Kuwayt: An Affluent Amirate Under Political Siege -- Non-military Republics -- 20. Garrison Democracy: Israel -- 21. Confessional Democracy: Lebanon -- 22. Tunisia: Stable One-Party System -- Regional Consequences -- 23. Armies as Agencies of Social Change -- 24. Arms Races in the Region -- 25. Races in the Arab-Israel Zone -- 26. Changing Military Politics and United States Options -- Notes -- Bibliographic Note -- Index.

Introduction -- Europe's political-theological problem -- Revolution, religion and church -- A new concept of politics -- The Church's defense against liberalism and democratization in the 1800s -- Ecclesial powerlessness -- On the way to the Second Vatican Council -- The Second Vatican Council -- Church - freedom - history -- The post-conciliar crisis between the Church and liberal democracy -- Pope John Paul II and modern culture -- Benedict XVI - pope of a new millennium -- Pope Francis - a late modern pope.

This article challenges previous findings suggesting that ethnic associations promote political participation among immigrants. Analyzing recent survey data from Sweden, the authors find that political activity among immigrants is encouraged by associational involvement in general but not by associations based on ethnic origin. To explain this difference, the authors examine important causal mechanisms between associational involvement and political participation. They conclude that while ethnic associations induce the development of civic skills, they do not create enough opportunities for mobilization through networks of political recruitment. Hence, compared to associations in which both mechanisms operate, ethnic associations tend to provide less politically stimulating environments. Adapted from the source document.

In the United States, women have long held the right to vote and can participate fully in the political process, and yet they are underrepresented at all levels of elected office. Worldwide, men's dominance in the realm of politics has also been the norm. To date, scholars have focused on supply-side and demand-side explanations of women's underrepresentation but differences in how men and women assess electoral risk (the risk involved in seeking political office) are not fully explained. To fill this gap, I explore how evolutionary theory offers insights into gendered differences in political ambition and the evaluation of electoral risk. Using the framework of life-history theory, I hypothesize that both cognitive and environmental factors in human evolution, particularly as they relate to sexual selection and social roles, have shaped the psychology of ambition in gendered ways affecting contemporary politics. Cognitive risk-assessment mechanisms evolving in the hominid line came to be expressed differently in females and males, in women and men. These gendered expressions plausibly reflect differentiable environmental pressures in the past and may help explain behaviors in and barriers to women's electoral political activity in the present. If so, then the success of efforts to increase such activity — or, regressively, to suppress it — may be better understood.

Political marketing is a relatively new approach to analyzing political activity that draws on management marketing assumptions to describe political behavior. These assumptions are explicitly grounded in neoclassical economic assertions about behavior. In political science, these assumptions are utilized by orthodox rational choice theory. Thus, political marketing can be located within this perspective. Rational choice provides a series of analytic models through which ontological implications can be derived & predictions made. Yet, the political marketing approach seeks to build on orthodox rational choice accounts by introducing a normative element to this perspective, prescribing the internalization of these assumptions in order to achieve the desired objective. Further, this normative aspect claims that the adoption of marketing improves the democratic process. However, rational choice is an analytical "toolkit" that does not seek to make normative claims. Indeed, normative arguments are inconsistent with rational choice, which seeks to provide a scientific, value-free approach to political analysis; consequently, the analytical & normative aspects of political marketing need to be rendered explicit & such normative aspects challenged. 55 References. Adapted from the source document. COPIES ARE AVAILABLE FROM: HAWORTH DOCUMENT DELIVERY CENTER, The Haworth Press, Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580

Preface -- Introduction / Jamia Wilson -- Election night and its aftermath: November 8-9, 2016 -- What's in a name? Everything: November 9-11, 2016 -- To go or not to go? / Jill Soloway -- The team expands: November 11-14, 2016 -- My sisters' keeper / Melanie L. Campbell -- Midwifing a movement: November 17-19, 2016 -- Plans, permits, drama: November 19-December 15, 2016 -- A woman's work is never done (in a democracy) / Ai-Jen Poo -- Sankofa: Look back to move forward / Sister Aisha Al-Adawiya -- Backers join. The bench grows: December 16-28, 2016 -- Artists and allies: December 29, 2016 -- January 9, 2017 -- How to be an ally / Jose Antonio Vargas -- Daring discussions: December 2016 -- Why we march: The Unity Principles: January 12, 2017 -- An open letter to grown-ups / Rowan Blanchard -- Operation Headcount: December 31, 2016 -- January 21, 2017 -- Optimism, interrupted / Cindi Leive -- The Watergate: Preparing for March Day: January 16-20, 2017 -- Don't forget about us / Erika Andiola -- Rising up around the world: January 20, 2017, 11:00 p.m. -- The roar / Ashley Judd -- Marching forward / America Ferrera -- March Day: Breaking records, making history, January 21, 2017, 3:00 a.m. -- Salud, dignidad, justicia / Jessica González-Rojas -- My whole self, marching / Elaine Welteroth -- Lead with love / Judith LeBlanc -- Owning the night: January 21, 2017, 5:00 p.m.-midnight -- Closing the gap / Congresswoman Maxine Waters -- From March to movement: January 28, 2017 -- Getting political when you can't vote / Yara Shahidi -- My own march / Kateri Akiwenzie-Damm -- America the exceptional / David Remnick -- A day without a woman: March 8, 2017 -- You are here / Ilana Glazer -- The beauty and the danger of the Women's March / Jia Tolentino -- Can social media change the world?: Spring 2017 -- Do something / Senator Tammy Duckworth -- "Reclaiming our time": Fall 2017 -- After the start / Roxane Gay -- Revolutionary love is the call of our times / Valarie Kaur -- You felt how powerful women are when we rise up: Keep rising -- Afterword -- Acknowledgments -- Credits.

We use cluster analysis to develop a model of political change in the Levant as reflected in the World Event Interaction Survey coded event data generated from Reuters between 1979 and 1998. A new statistical algorithm that uses the correlation between dyadic behaviors at two times identifies clusters of political activity. The transition to a new cluster occurs when a point is closer in distance to subsequent points than to preceding ones. These clusters begin to "stretch" before breaking apart, which serves as an early warning indicator. The clusters correspond well with phases of political behavior identified a priori. A Monte Carlo analysis shows that the clustering and early warning measures are not random; they perform very differently in simulated data sets with similar statistical characteristics. Our study demonstrates that the statistical analysis of newswire reports can yield systematic early warning indicators, and it provides empirical support for the theoretical concept of distinct behavioral phases in political activity.

The Female Voice of Myanmar seeks to offer a female perspective on the history and political evolution of Myanmar. It delves into the lives and works of four of Myanmar's remarkable women who set aside their lives to answer the call of their country: Khin Myo Chit, who spoke about latent sexual politics in pre-Independent Burma; Ludu Daw Amar, who as the editor of the leftist Ludu Daily, was deemed anti-establishment and was witness to the socialist government's abortive efforts at ethnic reconciliation; Ma Thida, whose writing bears testimony to the impact the authoritative military rule had on the individual psyche; and Aung San Suu Kyi, who has re-articulated Burmese nationalism. This book breaks new ground in exploring their writing, both published and hitherto unexamined, some in English and much in Burmese, while the intimate biographical sketches offer a glimpse into the Burmese home and the shifting feminine image.