Suchergebnisse

Although human rights have been officially recognized in Indonesia, human rights violations have persisted since Suharto's authoritarian regime. The purpose of this article is to examine why human rights violations that have occurred in Indonesia since the New Order era, when the Suharto regime was in power, but have yet to be resolved. With a human rights perspective, the author employs qualitative research methods in conjunction with secondary data from credible sources. Human rights violations committed during the New Order regime went unpunished, and impunity reigned. To this day, there are challenges to impunity for human rights violations in Indonesia, where the government does not have good faith to fulfil the rights of victims of human rights violations, and civil society organizations both on the national and international levels are powerless to support the resolution of these human rights violations. This situation will have an impact on Indonesia's international standing as one of the largest democratic countries that recognizes, protects, and fulfils human rights.

The effects of COVID-19 have significantly interrupted countries and the social order across the globe. However, the developing countries which could not manufacture or even buy the most wanted commodity: COVID-19 Vaccine, looked on as the situation got worse even in the wealthy nations. Diplomacy seems a ray of hope among developing countries as wealthy nations have used almost all the vaccines themselves. The goal of this study was to critically analyze the challenges and opportunities around the COVID19 pandemic, especially vaccine distribution and access, and the role of diplomacy in this process in selected countries in Africa. We used the narrative literature review approach. We examined the cases of Uganda, Ghana, and South Africa on the COVID-19 vaccine distribution. We found minimal accessibility and affordability of vaccines in developing nations. African and other developing countries have since depended on vaccine donations. Affordability makes it challenging for wealthy countries to lend a hand while ensuring their population and market needs are catered for. We propose that nationals in the Global South must strengthen their diplomatic systems and negotiation skills with wealthy countries while reinforcing public health systems. Developing countries must build alliances to engage with high-income countries as equal partners.

At first, people obeyed the rules out of fear of the gods. By the time when Nietzsche declared that "God is dead," faith had been replaced by the rule of law. But now the reality has been changed. Modern technologies are playing an increasingly important role in the digital era. The world is changing rapidly and the achievements of technical development are so fast, that they are only followed by legal regulations. The rule of law is rivaled by the rule of code. Artificial intelligence is a modern trend. Nobody knows how it can change the world. It is used in different fields but its usage in justice is the most controversial. The purpose of this article is to discuss how reasonable is the use of AI in the decision making process on civil cases where the creativity and human feelings play the most important roles - especially in the most untouchable sphere from globalisation such as family law.

This article is a voice in the discussion on the aims and function of digital transformation of the Polish civil procedure. The author also points out the changes in the Polish legal order introduced by the legislator in recent years, in particular those connected with temporary solutions for the time of Covid-19 Pandemic. She analyses ITtools used in civil proceedings in the light of procedural rules. At first glance, it seems that digitalization may have quite an impact upon all the construction rules of civil procedure. However, contrary to this impression, it does not directly affect all of them. The greatest correlation can be seen in the case of the principle of openness, the principle of equality and the principle of immediacy. As the conclusion the author indicates that digital transformation allows for a more complete implementation of procedural principles and it supports the realisation of those rules.

AbstractUsing data from the 2016 China Family Panel Studies, this paper examines the relationship between government assistance, urban/rural residency, and charitable giving. The results indicate that urban/rural residency moderates the relationship between government assistance and charitable giving in China. Urban residents who do not receive government assistance are much more likely to donate to charity than their rural counterparts. While urban residents with government assistance also show a higher likelihood of giving than government assistance recipients in the rural area, the difference is much smaller than that between the urban and rural non‐recipients. More interestingly, the results show that although urban residents without government assistance donate more to charity, those who receive a high amount of government assistance on average donate less to charity than their rural counterparts.