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Management decisions and the development of appropriate conservation policy require scientifically rigorous and accessible information. Biodiversity conservation has been and continues to be a complex issue; more recently the field of ecosystem services has become more prominent. This provides both risks and opportunities for nature conservation. Risks, because the provision of ecosystem services may be prioritised over, and conflict with, nature conservation. Opportunities, because ecosystem services may support arguments for conserving the natural environments that provide them. Decision- and policy-makers require robust evidence regarding the provision of ecosystem services at sites where alternative management decisions may be considered, and there is a demand for tools that can produce that evidence. Many of these are GIS-based, operate at the regional or landscape scale, and require considerable expertise to apply. TESSA (Toolkit for Ecosystem Service Site-based Assessment) has been developed by a collaboration of academics and practitioners from several organisations, including partners of the Cambridge Conservation Initiative (Peh et al. 2013). It is designed to be used at the site-scale by non-experts, focuses on the net differences in ecosystem service provision, and explicitly incorporates communication of the results. In this way, it operates at the science-policy-society interface, providing a framework for researchers to gather information and disseminate it to decision-makers, and the general public. TESSA is widely used throughout the world (for example, it is approved for use in the EU's LIFE program), and supports local decision-making across varied contexts. Its application has been published in a dozen peer-reviewed journal articles. In December 2017, a new version was released, which introduced three new modules: coastal protection, pollination, and cultural services. The cultural services module in particular expands on TESSA's existing commitment to connect science, society and the natural world with policy-makers and stakeholders. I will present examples of uses of TESSA in societal decision-making, and discuss its future potential. Peh, K.S.-H., Balmford, A., Bradbury, R.B., Brown, C., Butchart, S.H.M., Hughes, F.M.R., Stattersfield, A., Thomas, D.H.L., Walpole, M., Bayliss, J., Gowing, D., Jones, J.P.G., Lewis, S.L., Mulligan, M., Pandeya, B., Stratford, C., Thompson, J.R., Turner, K., Vira, B., Willcock, S. & Birch, J.C. (2013) TESSA: A toolkit for rapid assessment of ecosystem services at sites of biodiversity conservation importance. Ecosystem Services, 5, 51-57. ; peerReviewed

Merapi volcano, located in the Java Island, Indonesia, is one of the world's most active volcanoes. Its slopes are densely populated until a 4 km radius around the summit. More than 50,000 people living in the most dangerous area (KRB III) are exposed to pyroclastic density currents (PDCs), one of the deadliest volcanic hazards. ln this context, temporary evacuation of the threatened zone, during eruption, is the only possible way to reduce the risk of population. The objective of this thesis is to analyze the institutional and community responses in coping with volcanic crises, especially during the 2010 major eruption of Merapi. An evaluation of these responses and capacities of crisis management was done based on the lessons learned from recent eruptions, especially the 2010. First-hand data were obtained using questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions and participatory three-dimensional map. In the first place, the results of this thesis were built upon the analysis of the factors influencing evacuation decision and the evacuation process, notably based on the 1994 and 2006 eruptions. Secondly, we studied the cri sis management and, in particular, the evacuation process during the 2010 eruption. Finally, we conducted evacuation modeling, in a term of forward-looking approach, at two scales: on the entire volcano and local level. This analysis highlights the gaps in evacuation management during volcanic crisis in Indonesia and suggests improvements for better preparation for institutional and community levels. ; Le Merapi, sur l'île indonésienne de Java, est l'un des volcans les plus actifs au monde. Ses pentes sont densément habitées jusqu'à un rayon de 4 km autour du sommet, et plus de 50 000 personnes vivent dans la zone la plus dangereuse (KRB III), exposée aux coulées et déferlantes pyroclastiques, un des aléas volcaniques les plus meurtriers. Dans ce contexte, l'évacuation temporaire des zones menacées est, en cas d'éruption, le seul moyen envisageable de réduction du risque pour les ...

Presently, the human - macaque conflict has become more serious in many areas in Sri Lanka. The main objective of this study is to identify the nature of the conflict and to identify sustainable new strategies of conflict management in the Uva Paranagama Divisional Secretariat Division. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) was the main data collection and analytical method of this study. Problem tree, solution tree, pair-wise ranking, matric ranking, seasonal calendar, and participatory mapping available in PRA were employed to achieve the objectives. In addition, questionnaire survey with a sample of 90 members, interviews and field observations were also used for the primary data collection. Secondary data were collected through literary reviews and institutional data reports. As the data analysis reveals, the nature of the human and physical setting, the rapid breeding of macaques, the extinction of predators, the impact of humans on forest food availability and many other factors have contributed to escalate the conflict in the study area. Several measures have been taken to control the macaques but have failed due to the adaptation of the macaques to them. The study found that less intervention of relevant institutions, less interaction between farmers and institutions, lack of knowledge regarding the conflict and the poverty in the area as the main challenges in managing this conflict in this area. The study, depending on the findings suggests that sterilization of macaques to some extent, growing up of animal predators in the study area, minimizing the usage of natural forest areas for human activities and allocation of lands for settlements according to a land use plan as the sustainable management strategies for this conflict.

This work was supported by a grant funded jointly by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, the Economic and Social Research Council, the Forestry Commission, the Natural Environment Research Council and the Scottish Government, under the Tree Health and Plant Biosecurity Initiative. ; Innovation in environmental fields such as plant health is complex because of unbounded challenges and lack of certainty of commercial uptake. In this paper we present a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) framework, specifically to assist with assessment of technologies to support detection of tree pests and pathogens, but also for wider potential adaptation. Biosecurity can be enhanced by improved early detection of pests and pathogens, but development and deployment of new technologies requires robust scrutiny. We critically analyse the concept, practice and applicability of TRLs. Interviews revealed scientist perspectives during the development process of five novel early plant pest and pathogen detection technologies. A retrospective, collective narrative of one technology from concept to commercial deployment was undertaken. We then developed a calculator tool for assessment of biosecurity TRLs. Our findings illustrate the iterative process of technology development, the challenges in final TRLs of acquiring funding to move from proven success to viable product, inefficiencies created through the need for multiple projects for each technology and the imperative to consider the wider socio-ecological technical landscape, including policy context. End user engagement was particularly valuable at beginning and end of the TRL scale. We conclude that the TRL framework comprises a robust approach to assess technologies in that it facilitates progress tracking, evaluation of success likelihood and identification of opportunities for investment. However, its potential will only be realised for environmental management if it is integrated into the ...

New Zealand is frequently cited as the archetypical example of New Public Management (NPM), having gone 'further and faster' than other jurisdictions in radically reforming their public service in the late 1980s. These reforms have been credited with significant gains in efficiency and responsiveness, while introducing new challenges. Successive reforms over the past 30 years tinkered with the model without fundamentally altering the underlying paradigm, such that authors refer to the 'myth of post-NPM in New Zealand'. In 2020, New Zealand repealed and replaced its main public service legislation. By textually analysing government documents, this article explores the different theoretical roots of New Zealand's ongoing administrative reforms and debates the extent of their theoretical coherence. The Act directly dialogues with and draws inspiration from recent academic debates, drawing from a range of sources (such as New Public Governance, Digital Era Governance, and the New Public Service). Points for practitioners New Zealand has long been regarded as the purest example of New Public Management (NPM). Legislation passed in 2020 saw New Zealand adopt a range of reforms described in the literature as 'post-NPM', while also reaffirming features associated with Traditional Public Administration (TPA). While New Zealand has moved away from a pure NPM model and adopted features associated with Post-NPM, Post-NPM is not a coherent doctrine and it may only be possible to identify administrative doctrines retrospectively. We may be entering a period of 'New Public Complexity', where administrative doctrines are blended and layered.

Marketing practice and scholarship are facing unprecedented challenges. The unsustainability of resource use, the increasing inequity of the market, and the continuous decline in societal trust pose a threat to business and 'marketing as usual'. "Humanistic Marketing" is a response to the currently growing mega-trend call for rethinking marketing. The book organizes current thinking around the problems of marketing theory and practice as well as some possible solutions and ways forward: both for theory and practice. This volume was initiated by The Humanistic Management Network to contribute knowledge and understanding to the emerging humanistic business and management movement that does not accept perpetual economic expansion as a sustainably viable means of meeting individual and collective needs in society and nature, and instead seeks balance in place of excess. Humanistic Marketing recognises the harm that comes with the unfettered desire for more of more. The authors ask how can marketing's principles and practice be founded in humanistic values such as altruism, empathy, respect, trustworthiness, honesty, integrity, care, compassion, service, intelligence, beauty, justice, virtue? Furthermore, how can marketing help to protect human dignity and promote sustainable human (not consumer) well-being?

International audience ; A new economic, ecological, social and cultural era for French forests is beginning to unfold before us. Free competition on a worldwide scale for the production of timber already heavily affected forests. Forestry will now also have to consider environmental policy guidelines at all levels : French, European, global. In this context, the production of quality timber appears to by the only may a forester can offset the concurrent reduction in profit margins and increased burden of non-commercial uses of forests. This raises the question of whether conventional silviculture and forest restructuring plans are appropriate to the new context. An overview shows that there may be no need to question the foundations of French forestry thinking which has always been open-minded and forward-looking. Changes are already in the making and will continue unless increased environmental pressure together with the need to accomodate city dwellers requirements puts a stop to timber production in the longer term and leads to an initial "specialization" of forests. ; Un nouvel âge économique, écologique, social et culturel, s'amorce sous nos yeux pour les forêts françaises. Déjà soumises à la libre concurrence mondiale pour la production du matériau bois, elles doivent aussi désormais prendre en compte les orientations de politique environnementale à tous les niveaux, françaises, européennes, planétaires. Dans ce contexte, la production de bois de qualité semble seule susceptible de permettre au sylviculteur de compenser à la fois l'abaissement de ses marges et la charge grandissante des usages non marchands de la forêt. On peut donc s'interroger sur l'adéquation de la sylviculture et de l'aménagement forestier traditionnels pour la prise en compte des nouvelles donnes. Mais, après inventaire de l'état des lieux, il ne semble pas que la rupture avec une pensée forestière française, de tous temps largement ouverte et évolutive, s'impose, puisqu'aussi bien le virage est déjà en grande partie pris, à ...

This research was directed towards the current state of the relationship between the Performance Management Development System and compensation in the City of Cape Town Municipality. The research approach adopted in this study was a qualitative method. Desktop analysis and case study design were used as secondary data collection tools. Since the democratization of South Africa in 1994, the focus has been directed towards the maximising of economic growth and development. The road to development has been challenging since the inception of democracy. Organisations are operating in a dynamic and highly competitive environment which requires adjustments and development of strategies to remain relevant. Compensation is one of the ways different organisations have adopted as a strategy for attracting and retaining suitable employees as well as maintaining performance management. The essence of a well-functioning performance management development system has played a critical role in providing an effective system in the public service. The main objective of compensation is to ensure an organisation has the right resources necessary to motivate employees' performance needed to achieve the organisational strategy. The study found that a compensation strategy leads to increased employees' performance. The findings indicated that there is a positive connection between the compensation strategy and the performance of the employees. ; Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2021

The system of the financial management and control (hereinafter referred to as: FMC) in the public sector and the Ministry of Defence of the RS (hereinafter referred to as: MoD) should focus on the principles of economy, efficiency, effectiveness and publicity, with the legal use of public funds, aimed at supporting the management in business improvement. Hence, it is necessary to continuously improve the FMC, not to allow problems to arise, but to detect potential risks through controls and take preventive actions, in order to improve business. The objective of the paper is to emphasize the importance of the financial management and control in the public sector, and also in the Ministry of Defence as one of its ministries. Methodologically, analyses and syntheses, comparisons, inductions and deductions of business and FMC for the last five years in the public sector of the RS are included. On the basis of this research and the considered functioning of the FMC, good and bad experiences in normative regulation and in practice, problems have been identified with proposals for its improvement in the public sector and in the MoD of the RS. The improvement proposal has been made by analysing the reports of the Ministry of Finance and the State Audit Institution (hereinafter referred to as: SAI), by researching the operations and functioning of the FMC in the MoD.

This latest volume of Progress in international business research explores novel ways in which international business is organized. Contributions advance our understanding and stretch our thinking about new organizational and geographic structures in MNCs, and other organizational forms across borders and geographies. Authors ask challenging questions: will the traditional MNC as we know it be replaced by other dominant designs, and what new forms of global organizing can we expect in the future? What do contemporary digital and technological developments, e.g. social media, virtual worlds, and cloud services, imply for the international organization of work, communication, and management practices?