Suchergebnisse

Genetic resources, biotechnology and human rights: the international legal framework -- State responsibility for violations of basic principles of bioethics -- Ethical pluralism and the regulation of modern biotechnology -- Consolidating bio-rights in Europe -- UNESCO standard-setting activities on bioethics: speak softly and carry a big stick -- The normative spectrum of an ethically-inspired legal instrument: the 2005 Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights -- Agricultural biotechnology and the right to food -- A case study of the European Union's regulation of GMOs: environment, health, consumer rights and economic freedom -- Biogenetic resources and indigenous peoples' rights -- Biotechnology, human rights and international economic law -- Genetic engineering, trade, and human rights -- Patents, biotechnology and human rights: the preservation of biodiverse resources for future generations -- Citizens' rights and participation in the regulation of biotechnology -- Offensive military applications of biotechnologies: loopholes in the law?

The ICC jurisprudence has been abundantly commented and compared to the others ad'hoc tribunals' works. However, its interaction with the international system (states, international organizations) was not as closely examinated. As an integral part of this system, the court can not be considered as a lone element. It is impossible to understand the prosecutor strategy if the wants and preoccupations of the international society are ignored. As such, the jurisdiction promotes values and ideologies coming from some states or some continents. They are largely accepted by the community of nations but this can validate some states' resistencies to the Rome Statute.The African Union claims that the ICC is partial, made solely for the weaker African nations, and is just another form of neocolonialism. It is true that international NGOs such as Human Right Watch consider most of its leaders as perpetatrors of Human Rights violation. Does it mean however that their concern must be dismissed? When experts analyse the Court or the Security council involvements they failed to point for example the illegitimacy of the five permanent members when it comes to Human Rights. The U.S intervention in Irak is seen by many as a crime of aggression and their inability to move the Security Council in their favour prompted their reaction to invade Syria. The lack of concern of the international community for this new development's illegality is another sign of the inequality of treatment between nations. Mass medias' role will not be forgotten in this research.The Court reacts to this unfair environment and its cases are chosen accordingly. When the Rome Statute was elaborated, the redactors tried to preserve state sovereignty. But in fact they insured that the most powerful states will escape the jurisdiction of the Court.In this paper, we will examine the claims of partiality and dependence of the Court and propose some changes to make it a more equitable and fair jurisdiction. ; La jurisprudence de la Cour a été commentée et comparée ...

A collection of the papers from the 1995 Sandhurst conference presented by leading members of the armed forces, the media and academia. The conference marked a major advance in British thinking on this very topical and fast-moving subject, bringing together authorities from various fields in a multidisciplinary investigation which has been, and will be of great interest to a wide variety of specialist readers.

Altermondialisation, économie et coopération
internationale, Louis Favreau, Gérald Larose et Abdou Salam
Fall (sous la direction de), Sainte Foy : Presses de
l'Université du Québec, 2004, 384 p.Six ans se sont écoulés depuis les manifestations de
Seattle. Le mouvement altermondialiste, à l'origine uni par le
refus d'une mondialisation néolibérale, en est
maintenant à une étape cruciale de son développement,
car il doit désormais proposer plus concrètement des mesures
et des projets permettant de réaliser une mondialisation plus
équitable, plus juste et plus démocratique. L'ouvrage
Altermondialisation, économie et coopération
internationale est issu d'une conférence intitulée
Le Sud … et le Nord dans la mondialisation : quelles
alternatives? Tenue à Gatineau en septembre 2003, elle a
réuni des chercheurs et des acteurs d'organisations de la
société civile, de groupes et associations communautaires,
ainsi que des représentants des milieux syndicaux et de groupes de
femmes qui sont impliqués dans des projets de coopération
internationale. L'ouvrage répertorie un ensemble
d'initiatives et d'innovations relevant de la solidarité
socioéconomique Nord-Sud qui s'inscrivent dans un mouvement
visant à offrir un " nouveau " modèle de
développement. On peut distinguer deux catégories de
contributions au volume; celles qui relatent des pratiques et
expériences issues d'organisations de coopération
internationale (OCI) et celles, plus analytiques, qui présentent,
dans leur contexte, l'évolution des mouvements sociaux et
politiques ou qui offrent une réflexion sur les débats et
les défis auxquels ces mouvements sont confrontés.

Abstract. After gaining independence, Uzbekistan carried out economic reforms with profound structural changes in the economy by implementing advanced technologies and equipment into the production process and these factors have provided sustainable growth in the country. Although this creates a good opportunity to resolve the problem of unemployment, the latter still remains one of the critical challenges for the country. The present article is dedicated to the trends in international labor migration in Uzbekistan under globalized world. The scientific article analyzes the formation and development of labor migration processes in the country from the beginning of 1990s, regulation of labor migration by government, labor export from Uzbekistan to Russian Federation and Korean Republic, as well as it brings forth the conclusions in this field.Keywords: integration, international labor market, labor migrant, migration in Uzbekistan, illegal migration, labor export, illegal migration.

Abstract. After gaining independence, Uzbekistan carried out economic reforms with profound structural changes in the economy by implementing advanced technologies and equipment into the production process and these factors have provided sustainable growth in the country. Although this creates a good opportunity to resolve the problem of unemployment, the latter still remains one of the critical challenges for the country. The present article is dedicated to the trends in international labor migration in Uzbekistan under globalized world. The scientific article analyzes the formation and development of labor migration processes in the country from the beginning of 1990s, regulation of labor migration by government, labor export from Uzbekistan to Russian Federation and Korean Republic, as well as it brings forth the conclusions in this field.Keywords: integration, international labor market, labor migrant, migration in Uzbekistan, illegal migration, labor export, illegal migration.

A team based at the University of Tübingen has contributed significantly to the recent development of the analysis of international rules and norms (often referred to as international regimes) that (are supposed to) govern given systems of activities. One of its major contributions has been to explore the usefulness of various problem and issue typologies for predicting and explaining regime formation. The team has also developed several original concepts, including that of a `regime-conducive foreign policy'. Moreover, it has been among the first in this field to combine intensive comparative research with extensive quantitative analysis of events data, and to formulate so-called `contextualized' propositions. This review briefly evaluates some of these contributions. It also examines the state of the art as summarized in the latest of the three volumes under review.

The findings of a study of long-term care policies in 18 countries are reported in this article. Initial data were collected by a questionnaire survey under the auspices of the International Social Security Association. These data were supplemented by published documents and government statistics obtained while researching long-term care for the International Social Security Association and, subsequently, for the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The principal focus is a cross-national comparison of institutionalization rates for the elderly. Differences in use rates for medically oriented facilities are less than those for nonmedical residential long-term care facilities. Only a small amount of variation is related to demographic differences, such as older or more female elderly populations in those countries with higher institutionalization rates. Included also is a description of the modes of financing long-term care.

"Ausgehend von der historischen Bedeutung des INF-Abkommens wird festgestellt, daß eine Etappe der Konfrontation in den Beziehungen USA-UdSSR zu Ende geht, verbunden mit der weiteren Erwärmung des politischen Klimas in Europa. Der Beitrag verbindet dies mit der Herausarbeitung der Notwendigkeit eines komplexen Herangehens an Sicherheit und Zusammenarbeit, vor allem in Europa. Als hauptsächliche Faktoren, die ein neues sicherheitspolitisches Denken und Handeln erfordern, werden die militärische und ökologische Bedrohung des Überlebens der Menschheit, die Dringlichkeit der Beseitigung der Unterentwicklung und die Beherrschung der wissenschaftlich-technischen Revolution begründet. Dies mündet in die Aussage, daß die zunehmende Abhängigkeit weitgehende Schlußfolgerungen für den Inhalt von Sicherheit und das sicherheitspolitische Verhalten von Staaten erfordert. In acht Punkten werden diese Schlußfolgerungen zusammengefaßt, die darauf hinauslaufen, von konfrontativer Sicherheit - vor allem im Ost-West-Verhältnis - zu kooperativer Sicherheit überzugehen, bei der politische und ökologische Beziehungen den militärischen Faktor schrittweise in den Hintergrund drängen. Vom Verständnis neuen Denkens und Handelns als Methodologie der Gestaltung internationaler Angelegenheiten ausgehend, werden grundlegende Gedanken eines umfassenden Systems internationaler Sicherheit dargelegt, das von sozialistischen Staaten, den objektiv neuen Bedingungen entsprechend, als Angebot friedlicher Koexistenzbeziehungen im nuklear-kosmischen Zeitalter unterbreitet wird. Wesen und Komponenten eines solchen Systems (politisch, militärisch, ökonomisch-ökologisch, humanitär) werden aufgezeigt und als Ziel die Herstellung und Wahrung von Sicherheit für alle Staaten und Völker im Sinne von gesicherten gesellschaftlichen und natürlichen Existenzbedingungen für die gesamte Menschheit begründet." (Autorenreferat)

"The International Society – World Society Distinction" published on by Oxford University Press.

Diese Dissertation analysiert reale Wechselkursdynamiken und die Rolle von Fiskalpolitik in einer Währungsunion, die sich aus zwei Regionen zusammensetzt. Drei Forschungsfragen werden adressiert: Welche politischen Regime führen in Abwesenheit von Handel zu determinierten Gleichgewichten? Welche Rolle spielt Arbeitsmobilität über Produktionssektoren hinweg innerhalb einer Volkswirtschaft für die Dynamik des realen Wechselkurses? Und sollte nationale Fiskalpolitik auf diese Änderungen des realen Wechselkurses, d.h. auf Inflationsdifferenziale, reagieren, um den inländischen Wohlstand zu erhöhen? Das erste Essay stellt fest, dass bei autarken Mitgliedsländern eine Geldpolitik nach Taylor-Prinzip nicht ausreicht, um ein Gleichgewicht zu determinieren, wenn sie nicht mit einer "aktiven" Fiskalpolitik gekoppelt ist. Das Modell zeigt, dass fiskalische Schocks aus der Volkswirtschaft mit einer aktiven Fiskalpolitik die Inlandsinflation beeinflussen, sich aber auch auf die Volkswirtschaft auswirken, deren fiskalische Haltung passiv ist. Das zweite Essay zeigt, dass die Annahme von perfekter Arbeitsmobilität über Produktionssektoren hinweg die Fähigkeit des Modells erheblich beeinträchtigt, ausgiebige Dynamiken des realen Wechselkurses nach sektorspezifischen Schocks zu generieren. In einer empirischen Anwendung zerlege ich die Treiber der spanischen realen Wechselkursvariabilität und zeige, dass die Schätzung der Arbeitsmobilität die Modellanpassung an die Daten erheblich verbessert. Der dritte Aufsatz erwägt reale Wechselkursschwankungen als Zielvariable für nationale Fiskalpolitiken in einer Währungsunion. Eine Wohlfahrtsanalyse, die Konsumäquivalente berechnet, quantifiziert die Vorteile von Steuerregeln, die auf das inländische Inflationsdifferenzial reagieren. Sie findet großen Spielraum für wohlfahrtsfördernde, fiskalische Interventionen im Rahmen von budgetneutralen Regeln für Konsum- und Lohnertragssteuern. ; This dissertation analyses real exchange rate dynamics and the role of fiscal policy within the setting of a monetary union consisting of two regions. It seeks to address three research questions: What are the policy regimes that yield determinate equilibria in the absence of trade? What is the role of labour mobility across production sectors within an economy in real exchange rate dynamics? And should a national fiscal authority respond to these changes in the real exchange rate, i.e. the domestic inflation differential, to improve domestic welfare? The first essay finds that with autarkic member countries, a monetary authority following the Taylor principle is insufficient to render an equilibrium determinate if it is not coupled with exactly one `active' fiscal policy. The model shows that fiscal shocks originating in the economy with an active fiscal stance affect domestic inflation but also spill over into the economy whose fiscal policy stance is passive. The second essay shows that assuming perfect labour mobility across production sectors significantly hampers the model's ability to generate rich real exchange rate dynamics following sector-specific shocks. In an empirical application, I decompose the drivers of Spanish real exchange rate variability and show that estimating the degree of labour mobility considerably improves the model's fit to the data. The third essay considers real exchange rate variability as a fiscal target for national fiscal authorities in a monetary union. A welfare analysis that calculates consumption equivalents quantifies the benefits of fiscal rules that are responsive to the domestic inflation differential. It finds a large scope for welfare-enhancing fiscal intervention in the set of budget-neutral rules which rely on consumption and labour income taxes.