Suchergebnisse

Ausgehend von einem historischen Überblick über die Entwicklung der Beziehungen zwischen der DDR und der UdSSR untersucht der Autor die Möglichkeiten, die sich für die DDR-Außenpolitik aufgrund ihrer Klientel-Beziehungen zur UdSSR - insbesondere bzgl. einer weitgehend autonomen Gestaltung des deutsch-deutschen Verhältnisses - ergeben, sowie die außenpolitischen "Gegenleistungen" der DDR, der hinsichtlich der Entwicklung der politischen, sozialen ökonomischen und militärischen Infrastruktur der sowjetischen Verbündeten in der Dritten Welt eine bedeutende Rolle zukommt. (BIOst-Klk)

A key feature of federal systems is the representation of subnational units by territorial representatives in policymaking at the federal level. How do such arrangements influence the linkage between public opinion and policy outputs? I argue that policymaking under territorial representation should be systematically skewed toward opinion in those states where citizens care about a policy issue and have a uniform view on it. This claim is tested using a novel data set of policy change in the European Union (EU), covering 211 policy issues and 6,506 observations of opinion-policy dyads. Results show that measures weighting opinion across member states by how much national citizens care about an issue are better predictors of policy change than EU-wide mean opinion. Moreover, congruence between state-level opinion and EU-level policy becomes more likely, the more salient and clear-cut opinion in a member state is. These findings refine our understanding of the opinion-policy linkage under territorial representation.

NORWAY EXPERIENCES CONTINUOUS TENSION BETWEEN EXTERNAL PRESSURES AND INTERNALLY-GENERATED ASPIRATIONS. IN SECURITY POLICY, COMPROMISE SOFTENS THE COLLISION BETWEEN THE TWO FORCES. WHEN THE STORTING OR THE ELECTORATE DECIDES POLICY DIRECTLY, FOREIGN POLICY MAY BECOME THE NON-LOGICAL OUTCOME OF COMPLEX, UNDERLYING LINES OF DOMESTIC CONFLICT. A CORPORATIST PARTICIPATORY SYSTEM, COUPLED WITH EXTERNAL ECONOMIC DEPENDENCE, OFTEN MAKES ECONOMIC FOREIGN POLICY SALIENT. WHEN MINISTRIES ARE THE DECISIONAL LOCUS, INTEREST GROUPS OFTEN HAVE PRIVILEGED ACCESS. THE LABOR PARTY WILL CONTINUE TO PLAY A KEY ROLE IN FOREIGN POLICY-MAKING AS LONG AS IT BRIDGES THE MAIN FOREIGN POLICY CLEAVAGES. THE CONSERVATIVES AND EUROPEAN-ATLANTICISTS IN THE LABOR PARTY HAVE LED AN IMPLICIT AND DURABLE FOREIGN POLICY COALITION FUNDAMENTAL TO THE NATION. THE ISSUE OF MEMBERSHIP IN THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY REMAINS THE LARGEST CHALLENGE TO THEIR FUTURE POLICY-MAKING ROLE.

The operationalization of smart specialization policy has been rather limited because a coherent set of analytical tools to guide the policy directives remains elusive. We propose a policy framework around the concepts of relatedness and knowledge complexity. We show that diversifying into more complex technologies is attractive but difficult for European Union regions to accomplish. Regions can overcome this diversification dilemma by developing new complex technologies that build on local related capabilities. We use these findings to construct a policy framework for smart specialization that highlights the potential risks and rewards for regions of adopting competing diversification strategies.

"Foreign Policy and Religion: U.S. Foreign Policy Toward Israel" published on by Oxford University Press.

This study examines the role of partisanship in the effectiveness of the Lisbon Strategy for Growth and Jobs. As a soft governance approach, Lisbon aims to disseminate best practices on labour market policy across EU member states. The policy learning view, as the underlying philosophy of Lisbon, holds that national governments can learn new and better policy practices through interaction with alternative ideas. In contrast, the partisanship approach suggests that governments choose only the components of the Lisbon strategy fitting the ideological preferences of the political parties in government. In this article, I analyse the labour market policies of Denmark, the Netherlands and Sweden in two separate years to trace the effects of the Lisbon strategy in varying political environments. The study reveals that the governments of these countries do not give equal attention to all recommendations and guidelines; they address in particular those recommendations and guidelines that fit the ideological preferences of the incumbent parties. Adapted from the source document.

Climate change isone ofthe most pressing challenges ofour time and several policies trying tomitigate this negative phenomenon have been implemented. The reduction ofGHG emissions along with the improvement inenergy efficiency and the increase inthe share ofenergy consumption from renewable sources also constitute the Euro-pean Union policy priority. Inthis context, the aim ofthis article isto explore factors that affect changes inCO2 emissions inthe four EU member states that form the Visegrad Group, during the period 1993-2016. The analysis was conducted using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) decomposition method and the Kaya iden-tity, which enables the factors contributing most tothe CO2 emissions changes tobe identified. Italso allows the results tobe discussed inrelation tothe European Union's climate policy.According tothe decomposition analysis results, energy intensity and economic growth measured interms ofGDP per capita were the main factors driving chang-es inCO2 emissions across all countries considered. The emissions decrease result-ed mainly from animprovement inenergy efficiency and toalesser extent from the change inthe energy mix towards renewables.

Explaining legislative decision making in the European Union / Robert Thomson and Madeleine O. Hosli -- Research design : measuring actors' positions, saliences and capabilities / Robert Thomson and Frans N. Stokman -- Testing procedural models of EU legislative decision-making / Bernard Steunenberg and Torsten J. Selck -- Institutional realism and bargaining models / Christopher H. Achen -- Compromise, exchange and challenge in the European Union / Javier Arregui, Frans N. Stokman and Robert Thomson -- Nash versus Schelling? : the importance of constraints in legislative bargaining / Stefanie Bailer and Gerald Schneider -- A cooperative approach to decision-making in the European Union / Vincent Boekhoorn, Adrian M.A. Van Deemen and Madeleine O. Hosli -- A procedural exchange model of EU legislative politics / Thomas König and Sven Oliver Proksch -- Beyond informal compromise : testing conditional formal procedures of EU decision-making / Mika Widgrén and Antti Pajala -- Evaluating political decision-making models / Christopher H. Achen -- Evidence with insight : what models contribute to EU research / Gerald Schneider, Bernard Steunenberg and Mika Widgrén -- Appendix I : selection of commission proposals -- Appendix II : comparison of expert judgements with each other and with information from Council documentation / Robert Thomson -- References -- Index.