Suchergebnisse

The article analyzes theoretical approaches to the definition of the category of public-private partnership. The definition of public-private partnership is formulated taking into account the unique features of agricultural insurance in Russia. The historical way of formation and development of public-private partnership in the legislation of Russia is investigated: from the Petrine era to our time with the purpose of using time-based legal reception in the newest legislation of the Russian Federation, which regulates legal relations in the field of agricultural insurance. The authors studied the design of the current Russian legislation in the field of agricultural insurance, implemented with state support from the standpoint of public-private partnership, and analyzed the legal forms of this partnership used in US agricultural insurance (Du, Hennessy, Feng, 2014). It is concluded that there is a need to expand the interaction of government and business in Russia with a view to stabilizing the situation of the agrarians, at least, and the development of the entire agricultural sector of our country - as a maximum. Taking into account the temporal analysis of the Russian legislation in the sphere under consideration, as well as the experience of implementing a public-private partnership in the national legal system of the United States in the field of agricultural insurance, the authors examined several options for legal forms of introducing PPP in agricultural insurance of the Russian Federation. Firstly, the functioning of the legal model of PPP in the form of an insurance agrarian corporation with mixed capital of public funds and private insurer funds. Secondly, the creation of a state agrarian insurance company with 100% state capital. And, finally, thirdly, education in the field of agricultural insurance of mutual insurance societies. The conclusion is drawn that the model of mutual insurance societies is the most optimal variant of interaction between the government and business in the field of agricultural insurance, carried out with state support. © 2018.

The market-driven agricultural transformation of the global food system requires all, directly and indirectly, participating actors to compete efficiently and to adapt to changes in consumer demand and buyer requirements. Regarding product quantity and quality, smallholders, in particular, have to increase their reliability in order to be able to compete within the agricultural markets. Thus, innovative institutions are needed that integrate and strengthen the sustainability and linkage of and between each technological, economic, social, or political component of the value chain in order to (further) include smallholder farmers within the transforming food system. By adapting their approach and service portfolio both to changing market requirements and to scientific findings from empowerment research, farmer organizations (FO) could become one of the innovative key actors, increasing the competitiveness of their members SMEs' and reducing poverty, its impacts and its costs. The aim of this study is, on the one hand, to empirically test the previously constructed theoretical concept of empowerment and the applicability of the developed measuring scale. On the other hand, the study compares the current empowerment approaches of the surveyed FOs, in order to show by means of best practices, but also weak points, how applied empowerment approaches can be transferred and improved in the future. Theory-wise, the term "empowerment" is placed between the discussions of "repositioning" according to Bourdieu, the question of distribution and exercising economic, social, and political power according to Sen and recent findings from behavioral science on the changeability of mental models and thus behavior. By putting the theoretical findings into relation and into the context of agricultural development, the results are integrated into the broader discourse of reducing poverty and hunger. Thus, the overall objective of this study is to support the applied empowerment research and the interdisciplinary discourse on poverty ...

This chapter draws attention to the link between VCD and smallholder livelihood strategies that comprise a complex mix of subsistence and market-oriented activities and that are diversified to meet multiple livelihood goals and mitigate risks; and the authors address the related implications for the design and assessment of value-chain interventions. They question some of the underlying assumptions of NGOs, government agencies, and private-sector agents seeking to link smallholders to higher-value markets. ; Peer Review

The liability for defective products was for the first time introduced in 1994 by the new Civil Code. It widely reflects the liability regime provided by Directive 85/374 on product liability. In order to analyse the Albanian system on product liability as a special regime of extra-contractual liability, one should look at the Product Liability Directive, which is the source of inspiration for the Albanian regulation. Before the adoption of the Civil Code in 1994, no special regime of liability existed for the defective products due to the special features of economic and social order, based on centralised economy, on state property on the means of production, social and health insurance for all citizens and medical services provided by the state. The new regulation incorporated into the torts chapter of the Civil Code is not a full transposition of Product Liability Directive. However, it is considered as sufficient for the transposition duties of Albania under Stabilization and Association Agreement. When the Albanian legislator transposed a series of European directives on consumer protection, by adopting a separated legal act, Consumer Protection Law, it was assumed that this special area of tort did not need any amendment to bring it into consistency with the new regime of consumer protection and fully compatible with the Product Liability Directive. Considering the difficulties of law enforcement in South East European countries, this discussion paper aims at drawing a comparison between the European regime and the Albanian one so as to explain the specific features of the objective liability regime and identify the deficiencies in transposition, considering that the Product Liability Directive requires maximum harmonisation.