Suchergebnisse

A review essay on 12 books discussing economic challenges & the study of democratization in developing countries. The works focus on the 1980s-1990s movement from authoritarian to democratic rule in developing countries, with an emphasis on political variables rather than economic factors, although some include examination of population growth, human rights, foreign debt, & poverty. The works fall into three main categories: the attempts of development sociology to interpret the current world order, the historical experience of developing nations as informed by economic concepts, & the building of democracy in relation to restructuring of the global economy. R. Green

The international literature on the Swedish model has failed to realize the severity of its economic crisis. The Swedish malaise is entirely home‐made and started much earlier than international commentators realized. The sharp downturn in the performance of the public and private sectors in Sweden is a result of the overemphasis on the public sector, upsetting the earlier established balance between markets and politics. Since 1975 Sweden has been ruled by a distributional coalition that has not yet provided reforms that can take the country out of its economic difficulties.

A complete bibliography of just German-language literature dealing with the Turkish minority in Germany could easily double as a coffee table. The best one can do for a short introduction to German-, English- and Turkish-language sources is to separate out major categories into which one can organize the thrust and style of these writings and to select several examples of particularly representative or insightful recent publications. Of necessity that leaves a large barrel untapped. For those interested in acquiring a more complete bibliography, to furnish their home or not, I have appended several sources.

A methodological critique was conducted of all full‐length articles highlighting American racial and ethnic minority groups or international populations appearing in the Journal of Employment Counseling, The Career Development Quarterly, and the Journal of Vocational Behavior from 1985 through 1992. The 68 quantitative, empirically based studies identified were examined for their theoretical bases, topical emphases, multicultural populations investigated, sample descriptions, sample sizes, geographic location of the samples, instrumentation, and statistical procedures used. The results are discussed in light of the criticisms of the general multicultural counseling research delineated in recent counseling literature.

Although corporate structures in Japan and, to a lesser extent Korea, have been examined in the literature, in most cases the framework is not comparative. In other cases the framework is comparative, with keiretsu and chaebol compared to US conglomerates. A third foreign conglomerate, the Mexican grupo, has thus far escaped much serious attention by scholars. Attempts to compare the structure of keiretsu, chaebol, and grupo in terms of the other. Aims to identify what can be learned from comparing foreign corporate structures with other foreign corporate structures, rather than with corporate structures in the USA.

This essay provides a brief sketch of continuity and change in the study of political elites and institutions in the PRC. Rather than a full literature review, it offers only a few illustrative references to some prominent scholarship. The first sections contain an extended discussion of the study of political elites and institutions in China, considering the way recent work resembles or differs from earlier work on the subject. This is followed by brief suggestions of several reasons for some of the changes in current scholarship. Finally, some implications for the research agenda in the coming years are offered.

AbstractIn the last 20 years many multi‐objective linear programming (MOLP) methods with continuous variables have been developed. However, in many real‐world applications discrete variables must be introduced. It is well known that MOLP problems with discrete variables can have special difficulties and so cannot be solved by simply combining discrete programming methods and multi‐objective programming methods.The present paper is intended to review the existing literature on multi‐objective combinatorial optimization (MOCO) problems. Various classical combinatorial problems are examined in a multi‐criteria framework. Some conclusions are drawn and directions for future research are suggested.

The acculturation process involved when one organization is acquired by another, and the two organizational cultures merge, has not been adequately conceptualized in the strategic management literature. It is argued here that the acculturation process can be more fully understood by utilizing Lewin's (1951) force-field approach. In addition, major forces of cultural differentiation and organizational integration are identified. It is also argued that the dynamic acculturative change process will both influence and be influenced by postacquisition organizational performance. Predictions as to how post-acquisition performance influences subsequent acculturation modes are offered.

The greater part of the historical literature concerning Southeast Asia says little about women because, following the western tradition, writers have concentrated on those individuals associated with decision making and power, areas where men have featured predominantly. Although women have contributed significantly to social and political movements, they have been neglected in historical accounts and often, their contribution has been excluded altogether. Even studies dealing specifically with legislation involving women's rights in Singapore such as the Women's Charter, have given insufficient attention to the part played by women in laying much of the preliminary groundwork.

IN MONETARY SOVEREIGNTY: THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF CENTRAL BANKING IN WESTERN EUROPE, JOHN GOODMAN ARGUES THAT THE EXPERIENCE OF CENTRAL BANKING IN GERMANY, FRANCE, AND ITALY ILLUSTRATES THE IMPORTANCE OF THE DEGREE OF CENTRAL BANK INDEPENDENCE FROM THE POLITICAL AUTHORITIES, AND THAT INFLATION WAS LOWER IN GERMANY IN LARGE PART BECAUSE OF THE BUNDESBANK'S GREATER INDEPENDENCE. THESE CONCLUSIONS ARE VERY SIMILAR TO THOSE REACHED IN THE ECONOMICS LITERATURE. BUT THE BUNDESBANK'S RECORD IS NOT AS IMPRESSIVE AS GOODMAN SUGGESTS, AND THE FAILURE OF CENTRAL BANKS TO ELIMINATE INFLATION HAS BEEN EXTREMELY COSTLY TO WESTERN ECONOMIES.

IT IS THE PURPOSE OF THIS PAPER TO OFFER A QUALIFIED YES TO THE QUESTION: WILL THE INFORMATION AGE BE AN AGE OF FREEDOM? ACCEPTING THE NOTION OF A CONSTRUCTED SUBJECTIVITY HAS LED SOME THEORISTS TO RECONSIDER THE NOTION OF HUMAN FREEDOM AND TO CALL FOR A HEIGHTENED ROLE FOR DEMOCRACY. THIS PAPER ENCOURAGES SUCH REEVALUATIONS BY DECONSTRUCTING A BOOK IN THE LITERATURE OF INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS. ITS STRATEGY IS TEXTUAL. IT REPLACES METAPHORS WITH OTHER METAPHORS AND THEN PROCEEDS TO SHOW HOW THIS SUBSTITUTION MIGHT EFFECT THE APPROACH TO ISSUES SUCH AS LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL REFORM.

Over many years, academic journals on both sides of the Atlantic have carried articles debating the current state and future direction of labor historiography. One area of continuing discussion, central to the notion of a division between an "old" and a "new" labor history, is the importance of unions. As a consequence, historians of different persuasions are now more openly making judgments as to the value of the extensive body of industrial relations literature. This essay is a contribution to that particular discussion and an attempt to give it a more directed focus.

Examination of Margreth Mergel's life as presented in Die Judenbuche not only clarifies the image of her as a victim of family and society, but by extension also raises questions about the negative treatment accorded her in secondary literature. Critics have tended to ignore the evidence presented within the text, accepting instead the societally generated stance of the work's fictive narrator at face value. They have consequently infused interpretations of Die Judenbuche with an insidious misogyny that maligns and marginalizes the figure of Margreth and also suggests the presence of a persistent bias in critical Germanistic scholarship. (GBP)

ABSTRACTDespite the central place of rationality and political behavior in the decision‐making literature, we know little about the relationship between these two dimensions. Can decisions be made using both rational and political methods, or must managers use one approach or the other? These questions were addressed in a study of 61 strategic decisions in 24 companies using a multiple‐informant, structured interview protocol. Results indicate that procedural rationality and political behavior are independent dimensions of the strategic decision‐making process. The implications of our findings for future strategic decision‐making research are discussed.

AbstractThis article critically assesses Göran Therborn's approach to comparative politics. It argues that while Therborn's work represents a significant advance over much of the comparative politics literature, it remains limited by a methodology of "universalizing comparisons" involving large numbers of countries. This choice of methodology means that he is unable to achieve his goals of examining the dynamics of social processes and social patterns of determination, and in turn that his analysis does not allow for an adequate understanding of the current conjuncture and political strategies that might result from it.