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Global change, unstable and rapidly changing international and national security environment and the problems that causes, force public sector organizations, including the military, to take creative and innovative solutions (Giedraityte, 2020). Therefore, such intellectual skills, as, creative thinking, critical thinking and innovative problem solving, also competencies to implement innovation and to create an innovation-friendly environment are necessary for the modern and future military officer leader. Creative problem solving (CPS) is named as one of the most appropriate approaches enhancing abilities that involves encountering gaps, opportunities and challenges, generating and examining varied possibilities, choosing on certain options and confronting complex problems in an uncertain and dynamic world. CPS also can help to develop some personal characteristics that increase motivation to adapt change, to make and implement innovative decisions, to operate flexibly, to assess and manage risk factors and ect. (Treffinger et al., 2006; Khalid, 2020). Creative problem solving approach increasingly applicable in the training of cadets (future military officers), improving the qualifications of military officers and in the practice of military decision making. For example, creativity occupies a significant place in cadet training programs in The United States Military Academy (Operational Concept, West Point, n.d.) or in preparedness SOF professionals in The Joint Special Operations University (JSOU, 2021). In the study programs of the Military Academy of Lithuania (MAL), the creative problem-solving approach was introduced more intensively a few years ago, therefore the purpose of this article is using document analysis and interview data to discuss the advantages, peculiarities, positive and negative experience of applying CPS in forming cadets' intellectual skills and innovation management competencies.

Purpose: The modern concepts of contemplating joint dynamics of monetary policy effects on economic growth and its indicators require an indirect approach based on empirical research of mainly financial infrastructure, competitiveness of the financial markets and current economic conditions. Meanwhile, the problems of unemployment and the structure of employment within these concepts are most frequently linked with the polarization of the labor market and two important factors, that is, the effects of growth on unemployment and the fact that technological changes affect the changes in salary ranges. Methodology: By using the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and the set of data from 1995 to 2016, this paper analyzes these issues through a prism of established balances between the labor and financial markets, i.e., the monetization of economy (M1/GDP), financial development (Loans/GDP) and the share of gross government debt in GDP (government gross debt/GDP). Results: The proposed model suggests that the rate of unemployment is conditioned by the financial cycle and monetary policy (M1/GDP, Loans/GDP), as well as the business cycle and fiscal policy (gross d/BDP) and that a controlled and properly directed level of monetization of the economy (M1/BDP) and financial development measured as Loans/GDP can be "sufficient" for economic growth. Conclusion: Waiting in the "monetary union lobby", i.e., waiting for the ERM II exchange mechanism can last longer than the set deadlines, leading to the need for Croatian economic policy to optimize monetary and fiscal policy measures in order to increase economic growth and reduce unemployment.

Introduction: Nordic countries face societal challenges for which social innovation may represent solutions. The aim of this scoping review is to explore the concept of social innovation within the research contexts of higher education, ealthcare, and welfare services. Method: A scoping review methodology was used, including a literature search and the identification of eligible studies published between 2007 and 2019, in addition to data extraction and synthesis. Forty-three studies were included in this review. Results: Across the research contexts, social innovation is conceptualized as a set of novel, creative, human-centred, and value-driven processes aiming to bring about change. Qualitative research methods dominate social innovation research. In welfare services, social innovation concerns the relationship between policy and praxis, new forms of leadership and management, and the promotion of societal inclusion and cohesion. Social innovation in healthcare comprises the use of technology to digitalize service, enhance patients' well-being, and improve service quality. In higher education, social innovation research focuses on educational reforms involving non-profit stakeholders. Discussion: Social innovation is a multifaceted concept related to change at the organizational or societal level, often with various stakeholders working together to create improvements. The lack of a common definition and framework of social innovation makes this concept difficult to measure or quantify, reflecting the dominance of qualitative research methods in the selected research contexts. Across these research contexts, social innovation can be defined and used for various research purposes, which are often political and value-based, with the latter connected to the common good and people's well-being. Moreover, few social innovation studies have been performed in Nordic countries.

Seçim beyannameleri içerdiği vaatler ve politika öncelikleri bakımından siyasal pazarlamanın seçmen davranışını etkilemede önemli araçlarından biri olabilmektedir. 1950-2018 seçim dönemlerinde mecliste temsil hakkı kazanan Türkiye'deki sağ siyasi gelenek içerisinde yer alan partilerin seçim beyannameleri bu çalışmada incelenmiştir. Siyasi partilerin hangi politika alanlarına öncelik verdikleri ve seçim dönemleri itibariyle söylemlerinde değişim olup olmadığı ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Sağ siyaset geleneği içerisinde yer alan partilerin seçim dönemlerinde özgürlük ve demokrasi, siyasi sistem, ekonomi, refah ve yaşam kalitesi ile sosyal gruplar politika alanlarında ve bunların alt kategorilerinde söylemlerinin daha fazla yoğunlaştığını söylemek mümkündür. Siyasi partilerin seçim dönemleri bağlamında kendi söylemlerinin oranının değiştiği ve odaklandıkları politika alanlarının birbirinden farklılaştığı ortaya çıkarılmıştır. ; Election manifestos can be one of the important tools of political marketing in influencing voter behavior in terms of the promises and policy priorities they contain. The election manifestos of the parties in the right-wing political tradition in Turkey, which gained the right to represent the parliament in the 1950-2018 election periods, were examined in this study. There has been a try to find out which policy areas the political parties prioritize and whether there is a change in their discourse as of the election periods. It is possible to say that the parties in the tradition of right-wing politics concentrated more on freedom and democracy, political system, economy, welfare and quality of life, and social groups politics and their sub-categories during election periods. It has been revealed that the proportion of political parties' own discourses changes in the context of election periods and the policy areas in which they focus differ from each other.

Background Shortages of clinical staff make chronic asthma care challenging in low-income countries. We evaluated an outpatient asthma care package for children, including task-shifting of asthma management roles. Methods We conducted a non-blinded individually randomised controlled trial at a tertiary-level government hospital in Blantyre, Malawi. Children aged 6-15 years, diagnosed with asthma were recruited from outpatient clinic, stratified by Childhood Asthma Control Test (cACT) score, and allocated 1:1 from a concealed file, accessed during electronic questionnaire completion. The intervention, delivered by non-physicians, comprised; clinical assessment, optimisation of inhaled treatment, individualised asthma education. The control group received standard care from outpatient physicians. Primary outcome for intention-to-treat analysis was change in cACT score at 3-months. Secondary outcomes included asthma exacerbations requiring emergency health care and school absence. Registration: Pan African Clinical Trials Registry: PACTR201807211617031 Findings Between September 2018 to December 2019, 120 children (59 intervention; 61 control) were recruited; 65.8% males, with mean (SD) age 9.8 (2.8) years, mean (SD) baseline cACT 20.3 (2.6). At 3-months: intervention children (n=56) had a greater mean (SD) change in cACT score from baseline (2.7 (2.8) vs 0.6 (2.8)) compared to standard care participants (n=59); a difference of 2.1 points (95% CI: 1.1-3.1, p<0.001). Fewer intervention children attended emergency health care (7.3% vs 25.4%, p=0.02) and missed school (20.0% vs 62.7%, p<0.001), compared to standard care children. Interpretation The intervention resulted in decreased asthma symptoms and exacerbations. Wider scale-up could present substantial benefits for asthmatic patients in resource-limited settings.

Maternal anaemia prevalence in low-income countries is unacceptably high. Our research explored the individual-, family- and community-level factors affecting antenatal care uptake, iron folic acid (IFA) intake and consumption of micronutrient-rich diets among pregnant women in the plains of Nepal. We discuss how these findings informed the development of a home visit and community mobilisation intervention to reduce anaemia in pregnancy. We used a qualitative methodology informed by the socio-ecological framework, conducting semi-structured interviews with recently pregnant women and key informants, and focus group discussions with mothers-in-law and fathers. We found that harmful gender norms restricted women's access to nutrient-rich food, restricted their mobility and access to antenatal care. These norms also restricted fathers' role to that of the provider, as opposed to the caregiver. Pregnant women, mothers-in-law and fathers lacked awareness about iron-rich foods and how to manage the side effects of IFA. Fathers lacked trust in government health facilities affecting access to care and trust in the efficacy of IFA. Our research informed interventions by (1) informing the development of intervention tools and training; (2) informing the intervention focus to engaging mothers-in-law and men to enable behaviour change; and (3) demonstrating the need to work in synergy across individual, family and community levels to address power and positionality, gender norms, trust in health services and harmful norms. Participatory groups and home visits will enable the development and implementation of feasible and acceptable strategies to address family and contextual issues generating knowledge and an enabling environment for behaviour change.

The article presents issues relating to public hearing as a social instrument influencing the legislative procedure in the Senate. This institution is in line with the constitutional assumptions relating to the principles of a democratic state ruled by law, national sovereignty, social dialogue and the right to be informed about the activities of public authorities. The conducted research begins with an analysis of the legal regulations concerning public hearing. Practice shows that, unfortunately, its potential is not properly used, because this tool of social participation is used extremely rarely. The further part of the article presents the elements of the law-making process that require changes. These changes could contribute to the improvement of its effectiveness. In particular, modifications should be implemented in the institutional sphere, within the framework of creating transparent rules of cooperation between participants in the law-making process. ; W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia odnoszące się do wysłuchania publicznego jako społecznego instrumentu wpływającego na procedurę ustawodawczą w Senacie. Instytucja ta wpisuje się w założenia konstytucyjne odnoszące się do zasad demokratycznego państwa prawnego, suwerenności narodu, dialogu społecznego oraz prawa do informacji o działalności organów władzy publicznej. Rozważania zaczynają się od analizy regulacji prawnych normujących ten instrument. Praktyka pokazuje, że niestety nie wykorzystuje się właściwie potencjału wysłuchania publicznego, gdyż to narzędzie partycypacji społecznej jest niezwykle rzadko stosowane. W dalszej części artykułu zostały opisane elementy procesu stanowienia prawa wymagające zmian, które mogłyby przyczynić się do poprawy jego efektywności. Szczególnie modyfikacje powinny być realizowane w sferze instytucjonalnej, w ramach stworzenia transparentnych zasad współpracy uczestników procesu tworzenia prawa.

United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) supporters and non-voters in England participate respectively in forms of engaged and disengaged anti-political activity, but the role of individual, group-based, and collective emotions is still unclear. Drawing upon recent analyses of the complex emotional dynamics (e.g., ressentiment) underpinning the growth of right-wing populist political movements and support for parties such as UKIP, this analysis explores the affective features of reactionary political stances. The framework of affective practices is used to show how resentful affects are created, facilitated, and transformed in sharing or suppressing populist political views and practices; that is, populism is evident not only in the prevalence and influence of illiberal and anti-elite discourses but also should be explored as it is embodied and enacted in "past focused" and "change resistant" everyday actions and in relation to opportunities that "sediment" affect-laden political positions and identities. Reflexive thematic analysis of data from qualitative interviews with UKIP voters and non-voters (who both supported leaving the EU) in 2015 after the UK election but before the EU referendum vote showed that many participants: 1) shared "condensed" complaints about politics and enacted resentment towards politicians who did not listen to them, 2) oriented towards shameful and purportedly shameless racism about migrants, and 3) appeared to struggle with shame and humiliation attributed to the EU in a complex combination of transvaluation of the UK and freedom of movement, a nostalgic need for restoration of national pride, and endorsement of leaving the EU as a form of "change backwards."

Burgess, J. Peter, Laura Centemeri & Sezin Topçu (2021) 'Conclusion: Disaster recovery and the repairing perspective—between theory and practice', in Burgess, J. Peter, Centemeri, Laura & Topçu (Drs.) Repairing Environments: A Critical Perspective on Recovery After Disaster, London: Routledge: 222-232. ; International audience ; The chapter clarifies how the approach to the study of post-disaster situations based on the exploration of multiple and diverse repairing processes is propitious to a cross-fertilization between disaster studies and current theoretical debates in social sciences. This dialogue is essential, on the one hand, to allow a better understanding of disasters as expression of multiple systemic crises, including climate change, financial instabilities and the crisis of democratic legitimacy. On the other hand, these debates can feed the 'sociological imagination' of the field of disaster studies and contribute to developing the inclusive potential of policies aimed at supporting collective capacities of prevention, preparedness and response to disasters. In return, the dialogue between disaster studies and the theoretical perspectives currently developed in social sciences can help to clarify and test the operability of approaches otherwise condemned to remain just a paper exercise. In particular, the authors discuss the articulation of the reparative perspective with the systemic perspective that focuses on the interconnectedness of disasters, economic interests, globalization, financialization and the ongoing dynamics of colonialism. In the final section, building on the debate about how to transform urban planning to meet climate change challenges, the authors discuss the perspective of design activism against 'defuturing' as a way to renew the understanding of recovery.

Motivation: The modernization of domestic food chains in India, Bangladesh and the People's Republic of China is characterized by technological change and the integration of the collection function by the midstream segment. This has improved product quality and resulted in increased value added for value chain (VC) actors. In Africa, since the first world food crisis, governments have endeavoured to develop domestic value chains. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to review the dynamics of the rice value chain in Senegal in order to see the extent to which it follows the same trends as in Asia. Approach and methods: We have completed the paradigm of Structure‐Conduct‐Performance with the Global Value Chain analysis framework, which highlights the influence that one stakeholder in a steering position can have on the distribution of tasks, skills and margins among the actors in the chain. We conducted 154 qualitative interviews to understand changes in governance. We also used data about 913 stakeholders to assess the competitiveness of the value chain. Findings: We found that the Senegalese rice value chain is undergoing modernization as in Asia. Nevertheless, in Senegal, (a) midstream actors already carried out paddy collection through spot transactions with a trend towards relational governance, (b) credit policies contributed directly to the shift in governance towards integration, and (c) the modern rice VC was able to compete in terms of cost with imports thanks to state intervention. Policy implications: In order to improve the competitiveness of this value chain, we recommend the inclusion of small‐scale processors in the modernization process through improved access to credit. We also suggest carrying out feasibility studies relating to the use of small‐scale mechanization.

The presence of the development of technology 4.0 as well as the transformation of changes in the flow of globalization really have a significant influence on the joints of the life of modern society. Changes in culture, culture, thought patterns, activity patterns, politics, economics, and even the world of education today are more likely to reduce individual spiritual values among students. There is a need for serious efforts by practitioners of the world of education in restoring the enthusiasm of students to explore the study of the Al-Quran so as to encourage them to increase individual religiosity and piety. The existence of the Digital Al-Quran also encourages their interest in exploring the depths of the meaning of the content of the Al-Quran, this is certainly a positive effort that must be preserved. This study aims to explore student responses in optimizing the use of the Digital Al-Quran with the Printed Al-Quran. The research method was designed using a mix method approach, combining a combination of questionnaires with random sampling techniques as well as an in-depth interview process with religious officials of the Indonesian Ulama Council of Lembang Regency and the Bandung City PCNU board in order to validate the existing data findings. The number of respondents in this study were 41 people, most of which were students at one of the Bandung universities. The results of the study prove that there are positive and negative sides of using the Digital Al-Quran among them, besides that this application is able to increase individual piety in the midst of the dimensions of modernity and globalization.

The rapid advancement of Information Technology encourages changes in socio-cultural views in the millennial generation or the younger generation. The birth of the globalization era which has an impact on the increasingly openness of the nation's cultural diversity has become a momentum for the development of new technology. In the millennial segmentation, the response sets displayed by various cultures will now be the same, it will become a serious problem for the Indonesian people because it triggers a decline in cultural status and can lead to the preservation of indigenous culture. The typical attitude of the millennial generation who is creative and innovative, but has a negative side that is consumptive, materialistic and with a free lifestyle, individualism, and pragmatism shows that the younger generation respects other nations' cultures more than their own. It is hoped that this research will be able to answer whether the millennial generation will be affected by the globalization of information. The conclusion of this study is that the effects of information globalization can provide significant changes to the lifestyle and perspective of the younger generation, therefore through coaching and casserization with efforts to strengthen the sense of nationalism and protect Indonesia, the next generation of the nation and the guardians of the nation's culture, namely the younger generation, need to be equipped with understanding and implementation of the teachings of Pancasila values. The role of the government is very much needed in order to achieve clear and firm regulations to fight the abuse of internet technology, make policies on the rapid advancement of technology, and laws that are elastic in problems.

International efforts to tackle desertification led by the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) support participatory approaches. The emphasis has been on dialogue between different perspectives, which are often grounded in individualism rather than prioritizing society as a whole, and as a result progress in implementation has been slow. China has made substantial progress in tackling desertification, but its approaches have been controversial, and the sustainability of its achievements has been questioned. While China has been active in UNCCD processes, its approach to addressing desertification has differed from those of other countries. China can thus offer important insights into the international campaign, while acknowledging that China can also learn from the efforts of others. We compare the UNCCD's "bottom-up" approach and China's "top-down" approach to better understand the challenges of tackling desertification. We examine the evolution in how desertification has been addressed and shed light on the context behind the changes, focusing on the role of science, policies, and public participation. We find a convergence between top-down and bottom-up approaches and that similar challenges have been experienced. Constant communications with outsiders have enabled adjustments and changes in both China and the international community, even though their approaches remain distinct. We conclude that both approaches are moving toward solutions that start from proactive investments of governments in financial, legal, institutional, and organizational aspects, draw on scientific insights, and which are grounded in the motivated and voluntary participation of non-state actors. Improved sharing of lessons across these approaches would help to create a better enabling form of environmental governance that contributes to tackling desertification.

Global change, unstable and rapidly changing international and national security environment and the problems that causes, force public sector organizations, including the military, to take creative and innovative solutions (Giedraityte, 2020). Therefore, such intellectual skills, as, creative thinking, critical thinking and innovative problem solving, also competencies to implement innovation and to create an innovation-friendly environment are necessary for the modern and future military officer leader. Creative problem solving (CPS) is named as one of the most appropriate approaches enhancing abilities that involves encountering gaps, opportunities and challenges, generating and examining varied possibilities, choosing on certain options and confronting complex problems in an uncertain and dynamic world. CPS also can help to develop some personal characteristics that increase motivation to adapt change, to make and implement innovative decisions, to operate flexibly, to assess and manage risk factors and ect. (Treffinger et al., 2006; Khalid, 2020). Creative problem solving approach increasingly applicable in the training of cadets (future military officers), improving the qualifications of military officers and in the practice of military decision making. For example, creativity occupies a significant place in cadet training programs in The United States Military Academy (Operational Concept, West Point, n.d.) or in preparedness SOF professionals in The Joint Special Operations University (JSOU, 2021). In the study programs of the Military Academy of Lithuania (MAL), the creative problem-solving approach was introduced more intensively a few years ago, therefore the purpose of this article is using document analysis and interview data to discuss the advantages, peculiarities, positive and negative experience of applying CPS in forming cadets' intellectual skills and innovation management competencies.

Global change, unstable and rapidly changing international and national security environment and the problems that causes, force public sector organizations, including the military, to take creative and innovative solutions (Giedraityte, 2020). Therefore, such intellectual skills, as, creative thinking, critical thinking and innovative problem solving, also competencies to implement innovation and to create an innovation-friendly environment are necessary for the modern and future military officer leader. Creative problem solving (CPS) is named as one of the most appropriate approaches enhancing abilities that involves encountering gaps, opportunities and challenges, generating and examining varied possibilities, choosing on certain options and confronting complex problems in an uncertain and dynamic world. CPS also can help to develop some personal characteristics that increase motivation to adapt change, to make and implement innovative decisions, to operate flexibly, to assess and manage risk factors and ect. (Treffinger et al., 2006; Khalid, 2020). Creative problem solving approach increasingly applicable in the training of cadets (future military officers), improving the qualifications of military officers and in the practice of military decision making. For example, creativity occupies a significant place in cadet training programs in The United States Military Academy (Operational Concept, West Point, n.d.) or in preparedness SOF professionals in The Joint Special Operations University (JSOU, 2021). In the study programs of the Military Academy of Lithuania (MAL), the creative problem-solving approach was introduced more intensively a few years ago, therefore the purpose of this article is using document analysis and interview data to discuss the advantages, peculiarities, positive and negative experience of applying CPS in forming cadets' intellectual skills and innovation management competencies.