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From November 1963 to July 1965, the militant Buddhist movement was the primary cause of political instability in South Vietnam. While the militant Buddhists maintained that they represented the Buddhist masses and were fighting merely for religious freedom, they actually constituted a small and unrepresentative minority that was attempting to gain political dominance. Relying extensively on Byzantine intrigue and mob violence to manipulate the government, the militant Buddhists practiced a form of political activism that was inconsistent with traditional Vietnamese Buddhism. The evidence also suggests that some of the militant Buddhist leaders were agents of the Vietnamese Communists.

Drawing upon the explosion of research in the field, a diverse group of scholars surveys strategies for solving ecological inference problems, the process of trying to infer individual behavior from aggregate data. The uncertainties and information lost in aggregation make ecological inference one of the most difficult areas of statistical inference, but these inferences are required in many academic fields, as well as by legislatures and the Courts in redistricting, marketing research by business, and policy analysis by governments. This wide-ranging collection of essays, first published in 2004, offers many important contributions to the study of ecological inference

UID/CPO/04627/2013 ; This study seeks to improve the current conceptualisation of partisanship and to provide empirical evidence about the nature of partisan identities in new democracies. Conventional theories suggest that partisan loyalties are grounded in social and group contexts, while 'revisionist' theories have emphasised the importance of the performance evaluations of political actors. This study argues that the nature of partisanship in newer democracies is more strongly influenced by the latter. By focusing on new Southern European democracies, this research confirms the importance of performance and retrospective evaluations as the basis of partisan loyalties. The impact of age and education is very weak, while ideological extremism displays a constant and significant effect. However, the nature of partisanship varies according to different party types, as voters of more ideological parties are less sensitive to short-term judgements. ; publishersversion ; published

With the Comprehensive Anti‐apartheid Act of 1986, Congress instituted economic sanctions against South Africa, thereby reversing the historic course of U. S. foreign policy. This political innovation constituted a great victory for minority interests. This article utilizes the agenda‐setting literature to examine the relationship between Anti‐apartheid movement activity in the United States and adoption of economic sanctions against South Africa. The analysis is based upon an events data set consisting of 1353 events appearing in the New York Times between 1960 and 1986, interviews with activists and legislators, and archived materials. The ar‐ ticle concludes that although the Anti‐apartheid movement was only in‐ directly involved in moving sanctions legislation to the policy agenda, the movement exerted direct influence in the policy process once the legislation had agenda status.

Chapter 1: "Considering slavery – what it is": Ignatius Sancho Appeals to Laurence Sterne -- Chapter 2: "So many of her brethren and sisters": Sterne Replies to Sancho -- Chapter 3: "The black must be discharged": Mansfield's Decision and its Aftermath -- Chapter 4: "The poor fellow foams again": Castration for the Public Good -- Chapter 5: "A Son of Afric": Amid Riots and Imperial War -- Chapter 6: "To produce remorse in every enlightened reader": Frances Crewe's Publication of Sancho's Letters -- Chapter 7: "Too well known to make any mention necessary": Sancho's Impact.

The Anti-Social Behaviour Order (ASBO) was designed as a civil/criminal hybrid, preventive in structure and with a largely undefined object. After 2002, legal challenges to the ASBO led to the use of justificatory arguments from cumulative effect, and to the introduction of new measures which offered to regulate anti-social behaviour in more legally acceptable forms. In 2014 the Coalition government replaced the ASBO with two new instruments: a postconviction Criminal Behaviour Order (CBO) and a wholly-civil anti-social behaviour injunction (ASB Injunction). While the CBO and the ASB Injunction build on this history, it is argued that they do not represent a new approach to anti-social behaviour so much as a continuation of the ASBO by other means.

Employing innovative methods and new approaches to global labor history, the six essays in this collection explore important aspects of labor's role in global capitalism since the early modern period. Essays by Jan Lucassen and Jeffrey D. Glasco study the commercial agents, soldiers, and sailors that constituted the institutional framework for the global expansion of Western capitalism. Essays by Julie Greene and by Donna Gabaccia, Franca Iacovetta, and Fraser Ottanelli concentrate on workers who entered the international labor markets of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. They show how employers attempted to use migrants to promote stratification within the working classes and how workers responded to these efforts by trying to fashion their own identities. Finally, essays by Josie Fowler and Victor Silverman investigate the international organizations created by labor movements, responding to global capitalism, and illustrate how these organizations have shaped the development of the labor movement.

. The aim of this article is to understand and study the evolution in Spain of the role of Government advertising in the different State administrations. We analyze its accountability processes in a new competition scenario, the recent autonomous legislations and a new context where, in addition to new digital media, search engines like Google, platforms like YouTube and social networks like Facebook or Twitter have emerge. Currently, legislation around branded content —including sponsorships and advertorials—, a legal harmonization of government advertising, the transparency of advertisers and media companies or the role of social media are further opening the debate at the moment. ; El objetivo de este trabajo es comprender y estudiar la evolución en España del papel de la publicidad institucional en las distintas administraciones del Estado. Se analizan los procesos de rendición de cuentas de la misma en un nuevo escenario de competencia y reciente legislación autonómica donde además de nuevos medios digitales, emergen buscadores como Google, plataformas como YouTube y redes sociales como Facebook o Twitter. En la actualidad una legislación en torno a los contenidos patrocinados —incluidos patrocinios y publirreportajes—, la transparencia de los anunciantes y empresas informativas o el papel de los medios sociales están abriendo aún más el debate en este momento

After a hesitant start, the debate on poverty and social exclusion gained a firm position on the agenda in the Netherlands. When the issue emerged in Europe, the initial position of the Dutch was that their low-income households were guaranteed to meet their basic needs by the rather generous social security system, national health insurance, as well as the large social rented sector. Poverty was supposed to be absent. Nevertheless, the debate gained momentum rapidly. One reason was a highly publicized statement by one of the Catholic bishops in the Netherlands who quoted the biblical phrase that "people were allowed to steal bread if they were too poor to feed their children". The protracted debate that followed in the mass-media led to a new political awareness of persisting poverty among cabinet ministers. Even the prime minister found it necessary to go on record on the issue. A second impetus for the debate was the redefinition of the issue in terms of social exclusion rather than poverty as such. In the brief for this working group issued by Holt-Jensen (1998) this interpretation is underlined. He described social exclusion in terms that can be summarized as follows: Exclusion from the political arena, denying participation in decision-making, from the cultural arena restricting access to channels of cultural communication, and from the economic arena, the labour market in particular. In combination, this leads to the emergence of a marginalised group often concentrated in deprived inner-city tenements or large-scale peripheral housing estates.