Suchergebnisse

This important book presents a comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to the subject of international sanctions. It provides summaries of fourteen major cases, including South Africa, Iraq and Serbia, and analysis of the complex political and economic problems which sanctions pose for governments of sender states as well as for targets. Goals, costs, vulnerability and humanitarian considerations are examined in the light of 20th-century experience and the enhanced role of the United Nations since the end of the Cold War receives detailed consideration

The World Reshaped: Fifty Years after the War in Europe looks at the way the world has evolved since the end of the Second World War. The book focuses on Europe, commemorating the end of the War and the seemingly inevitable transition into the Cold War; the break-up of the Soviet Union; and projections into the future. The contributions, each with their own perspectives, trace many of the dominant themes of the history of Europe of the last fifty years, and look forward to the next millennium

An up to date survey of political and economic trends in the Southern African region. It brings together a well informed group of specialists who examine regional security issues, the prospect for a constitutional settlement in South Africa and the problems facing Mozambique, Angola, Zimbabwe, the BLS territories and Namibia. The volume adopts an area studies approach and explores fresh analytical perspectives to understand change in the region in the light of the end of the Cold War and the decline of super-power involvement in its affairs

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- About the Editors and Contributors -- A. Russia and America in the Post-Cold War World -- 1. New Russia and the United States -- B. Domestic Determinants of Russia's Foreign Policy -- 2. Constitutional Politics: The Russian Constitutional Court as a New Kind of Institution -- 3. Conservative Politics in Russia: Implications for U.S.-Russian Relations -- 4. Russia: Federalism, Regionalism, and Nationality Claims -- Comment: The American Vision of ""What's Wrong With Russia"" and How Cooperation Can Help

Intro -- CONTENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- INTRODUCTION -- I The International System After the Cold War -- 1 CULTURE, POWER, AND DEMOCRACY -- 2 GLOBALIZATION AND FRAGMENTATION -- 3 INTEGRATION AND DISINTEGRATION -- II The European Dimension -- 4 DEMOCRACY, THE EU, AND THE QUESTION OF SCALE -- 5 EASTERN EUROPE: THE INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT -- III Promoting Democracy -- 6 THE ROLE OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY -- 7 THE CENTRALITY OF THE UNITED STATES -- IV The International Economy -- 8 TRADE, MONETARY POLICY, AND DEMOCRACY -- 9 THE PLUSES AND MINUSES OF GLOBALIZATION -- 10 EPILOGUE: DEMOCRACY'S UNCERTAIN TRIUMPH -- INDEX.

Academic freedoms, including freedom of speech, were one of the fundamental pillars of the university system. They allowed the European medieval society to consolidate and form nation-states. But in their competition, freedom of speech was seen by the authorities as an obstacle to achieving world leadership. With the end of the Cold War, the perception of freedom of speech changed, on the one hand enhancing the freedom of movement of students, but on the other hand limiting it to a utilitarian approach to learning.

Israeli infantry and armored units continued to isolate Gaza City on November 17-19, pushing into Jabalya and Zaytun neighborhoods. Israel also faced a winter storm that lashed the Golan with its first snow and will require troops to be kitted out with gear for the cold months ahead. The IDF released new footage obtained from Shifa hospital showing hostages transported to the hospital by Hamas on October 7.
The post Israel faces winter storm, Houthi threats first appeared on FDD's Long War Journal.

Recent advancements in artificial blood technology
Professor Allan Doctor from the University of Maryland School of Medicine shares promising developments regarding the creation of safe and effective artificial blood products. Haemorrhage accounts for approximately 35% of civilian and approximately 90% of military potentially survivable in-field deaths. However, logistic challenges (blood typing, donor availability and cold chain) limit blood deployment in resource-limited and austere environments. As such, a 'universal donor', shelf-stable, portable whole blood analogue (WBA) could transform care in both civilian and military settings.

The article studies the transformation of the Western liberal democratic model and international relations amid Cold War II. Sources of liberal authoritarianism are identified, and the West's ongoing authoritarian turn is conceptualized in terms of postliberalism. The latter is scrutinized through the political West's efforts to protect liberal democracy and its values, and to establish global Gemeinschaft of liberal democracies through containment, deterrence, and encirclement. This process is seen as being interconnected with the intensifying conflict between liberal and sovereign internationalism over the international system.

The article analyzes "traditional values" in the context of the main social and political processes within Western modernity. Following the end of the Cold War, radical left-liberal elites gained the upper hand in the West while Russia sought to take its traditional place as a liberal-conservative center in the system of international relations. The notion of 'traditional values' has become one of the components of a holistic worldview. The article offers methodological tools for studying the current crisis in terms of the unfolding new ideological confrontation.

Abstract
This article examines the reception of two American artists during the Salzburg Festival of 1959 in the context of Cold War cultural diplomacy. While Austria had just become an independent republic again in 1955, the Salzburg Festival was experiencing a second American occupation, this time at Austrian invitation. The reasons for and the ways in which Austrian audiences and critics interpreted these performances and the idea of American music—through genre, personality, and politics—reveal the identity of the Festival, and by extension Austria, in a state of flux.

Abstract
Following the path dependence principle, the article describes the emergence of communism and the role played by wars and revolutions as unrepeatable and extraordinary catalyst factors. According to this view, communist parties can be considered institutions that outlasted the situations that created them and that, to survive, have been constantly forced to adapt to new circumstances such as fascism, the cold war or the clash of ussr. In this framework, the article describes the peculiar path of the Italian Communist Party (pci).

Combining all hitherto
known forms and methods of conventional and unconventional warfare, hybrid
warfare is increasingly replacing classical military conflicts and is gradually
changing into the primary form of realizing state interests, independently or
within military-political alliances. No period in the history of human
civilization has been marked by such an intensity of war conflicts as the last
century. Apart from the two largest war conflicts in history, in which almost
all countries of the world were involved, the last century was also marked by
the Cold War.

This article aims to explore the meanings and functions of temperature in Liviu Rebreanu's novel Ion. The conclusions of my research are paradoxical from at least two points of view: first, the Romanian writer uses a language that is at once rudimentary and subtle, encoding a small number of meanings, but in a discreet manner; then, Rebreanu creates a genuine scale of passions arranged on the axis cold (death) – warmth (life), but at the same time he regards the boiling passions as forebodings of death.

buy this issue
This special issue of Monthly Review is devoted to the New Cold War on China. What has been the view of the Chinese Revolution presented in Monthly Review in the past seven decades? How has it changed over time? As Paul A. Baran observed: "Marx and in particular Lenin being master-tacticians shifted horses and arguments as conditions changed (rightly so, to be sure!)" The question then becomes not the changing views themselves, but how these shifts in perspective reflect changing historical circumstances.