Suchergebnisse

Modern biotechnology products have provided considerable benefits for improving human life and well-being, both in the agriculture, food, industry and human health sectors, as well as in the environmental field. But there are concerns that modern biotechnology products, in addition to providing benefits, also have risks that have adverse impacts on the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and human health. Therefore, steps need to be taken, both legally, administratively, and technology to ensure the level of biological safety. This study aims to explain and analyze the safety of Genetically Modified Organism or GMO according to international law and their implementation in Indonesia. The problem approach used in this research is normative law (library research). The data used are secondary data obtained from international, national legal regulations and literature data related to material that supports discussion of the problem. Analysis of the data used is descriptive qualitative. The results of research on food safety of Genetically Modified Organism or GMO according to international law, are regulations on food safety of genetically engineered products regulated in the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety. The laws and regulations governing GMO food in Indonesia are good enough because they have carried out the mandate and did not deviate from the biodiversity convention and Cartagena protocol by passing legislation regulations from the legal level to the decision level of the head of BPOM. It's just that for rules regarding GMO food that is sold in retail, or that is not in the form of packaging, there is still no technical rules that can answer the problems in the field.

The international frontier is formed by the zones where Great Power interests come together in conflict. It is the main line of structural weakness in the earth's political crust—the main fissure where wars break through. The powers are constantly at workon the frontier trying to patch up the peace by international arrangements of various kinds.

The massacre of refugees during the 1996–7 war in Congo illustrates the gap
between existing legal standards and their application, as the principle of
sovereignty rationalises states' behaviour against helpless people. This paper
assesses available information on the scale of the massacre, concluding that
about 232,000 refugees were killed. It argues that firmness in demanding
justice and protecting human rights does not require ignoring the objectives
of stability and prosperity for any country, but rather that it is the best way
of promoting those goals and strengthening state sovereignty within the international
community. To implement international law related to refugees
will require making states and non-state players responsible for their actions
to the international community, since any outflow of refugees creates negative
externalities or costs that are unequally borne by this community.