Suchergebnisse

Not Available ; The land resource inventory of Nagenahalli Microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and the physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characterstics, classification, behaviour and use potentials of the soils in the microwartershed. The present study covers an area of 868 ha in Chikkanayakanahalli taluk of Tumkur district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought - prone with an average annual rainfall of 700 mm, of which about 378 mm is received during south –west monsoon, 179 mm during north-east and the remaining 143 mm during the rest of the year. An area of about 90 per cent is covered by soils, 10 per cent by others. The salient findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly below.  The soils belong to 6 soil series and 17 soil phases (management units) and 4l and use classes.  The length of crop growing period is about 150 days starting from 2ndweek of July to 3rd week of November.  From the master soil map, several interpretative and thematic maps like land capability, soil depth, surface soil texture, soil gravelliness, available water capacity, soil slope and soil erosion were generated.  Soil fertility status maps for macro and micronutrients were generated based on the surface soil samples collected at every 250 m grid interval.  Land suitability for growing 34 major agricultural and horticultural crops were assessed and maps showing the degree of suitability along with constraints were generated.  Entire area is suitable for agriculture.  About 90 per cent of the soils are deep (100-150 cm) to very deep (>150 cm).  About 34 per cent of the area has clayey soils at the surface, 50 per cent loamy and 5% sandy soils.  Entire area has non-gravelly (200 mm/m) in available water capacity.  About 90 per cent of the area has nearly level (0-1%) to very gently sloping (1-3% slope) lands.  An area of about 84 per cent has soils that are slightly eroded (e1) and 6 per cent moderately eroded (e2).  An area of about 23 per cent has soils that are slightly acid (pH 5.0-6.5) to moderately acid, 62 per cent area has neutral (pH 6.5-7.3) and 5 per cent area slightly alkaline.  The Electrical Conductivity (EC) of the soils are dominantly 57 kg/ha) and 15 per cent area is low (337 kg/ha) in available potassium.  Available sulphur is high (>10 ppm) in about 13 per cent, medium (10-20 ppm) in about 52 per cent and low (4.5 ppm) in the entire area.  Available manganese, copper and zinc are sufficient in all the soils of the microwatershed.  The land suitability for 34 major crops grown in the microwatershed were assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price and finally the demand and supply position. Land suitability for various crops in the Microwatershed Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Sorghum 672 (77) 59 (7) Guava 366 (42) 365 (42) Fodder Sorghum 672 (77) 106 (12) Pomogranate 672 (77) 106 (12) Maize 283 (33) 448 (52) Banana 672 (77) 106 (12) Upland paddy 672 (77) 106 (12) Jackfruit 672 (77) 59 (7) Finger millet 672 (77) 59 (7) Jamun 672 (77) 106 (12) Redgram 672 (77) 106 (12) Musambi 672 (77) 106 (12) Horse gram 672 (77) 106 (12) Lime 672 (77) 106 (12) Field bean 672 (77) 106 (12) Cashew 366 (42) 306 (35) Cowpea 672 (77) 106 (12) Custard apple 672 (77) 106 (12) Groundnut 42 (5) 324 (37) Amla 672 (77) 106 (12) Sunflower 672 (77) 106 (12) Tamarind 672 (77) 106 (12) Onion 589 (68) 189 (22) Marigold 672 (77) 106 (12) Chilli 672 (77) 106 (12) Chrysanthemum 672 (77) 106 (12) Brinjal 672 (77) 106 (12) Jasmine 672 (77) 106 (12) Tomato 672 (77) 106 (12) Coconut 366 (42) 365 (42) Mango 672 (77) 59 (7) Arecanut 366 (42) 365 (42) Sapota 672 (77) 59 (7) Mulberry 42 (5) (5473) Apart from the individual crop suitability, a proposed crop plan has been prepared for the 4 identified LUCs by considering only the highly and moderately suitable lands for different crops and cropping systems with food, fodder, fibre and horticulture crops that helps in maintaining productivity and ecological balance in the microwatershed.  Maintaining soil-health is vital to crop production and conserve soil and land resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change. For this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested to these problematic soils like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc.  Soil and water conservation treatment plan has been prepared that would help in identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required.  As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to be planted in marginal and submarginal lands, field bunds and also in the hillocks, mounds and ridges that would help in supplementing the farm income, provide fodder and fuel and generate lot of biomass. This would help in maintaining ecological balance and contribute to mitigating climate change. Baseline socioeconomic characterisation is prerequisite to prepare action plan for program implementation and to assess the project performance before making any changes in the watershed development program. The baseline provides appropriate policy direction for enhancing productivity and sustainability in agriculture. Methodology: Nagenahalli micro-watershed (Kibbanahalli sub-watershed, Chikkanayaka- halli Taluk, Tumkur district) is located in between 13020' – 13021' North latitudes and 76036' – 76039' East longitudes, covering an area of about 867.82 ha, bounded by Bedarahalli, Baraganahalli, Aralikere, Godekere, Pankajanahalli and Halugona villages with length of growing period (LGP) 120-150 days. We used soil resource map as basis for sampling farm households to test the hypothesis that soil quality influence crop selection, and conservation investment of farm households. The level of technology adoption and productivity gaps and livelihood patterns were analyses. The cost of soil degradation and ecosystem services were quantified. Results: The socio-economic outputs for the Nagenahalli Microwatershed (Kibbanahalli sub-watershed, Chikkanayakanahalli Taluk, Tumkur district) are presented here. Social Indicators;  Male and female ratio is 50 to 50 per cent to the total sample population.  Younger age 18 to 50 years group of population is around 57 per cent to the total population.  Literacy population is around 99 per cent.  Social groups belong to general caste among all the sample households.  Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is the source of energy for a cooking among the all sample households.  About 40 per cent of households have a yashaswini health card.  Around 20 per cent of farm households are having MGNREGA card for rural employment.  Dependence on ration cards for food grains through public distribution system is around 60 per cent.  Swatch bharath program providing closed toilet facilities for among all sample households.  Institutional participation is only 15.0 per cent of sample households.  Women participation in decisions making for agriculture production among all the sample farms households. 2 Economic Indicators;  The average land holding is 0.90 ha indicates that majority of farm households are belong to marginal and small farmers. The dry land of 68.7 % and irrigated land 18.6 % of total cultivated land area among the sample farmers.  Agriculture is the main occupation among 78.3 per cent and agriculture is the main and agriculture labour is subsidiary occupation for 3.3 per cent of sample households.  The average value of domestic assets is around Rs. 9532 per household. Mobile and television are popular media mass communication.  The average value of farm assets is around Rs. 119861 per household, about 40 per cent of sample farmers having tractor and sprayer.  The average value of livestock is around Rs. 19833 per household; about 41.6 per cent of household are having livestock.  The average per capita food consumption is around 566.9 grams (1336.8 kilo calories) against national institute of nutrition (NIN) recommendation at 827 gram. Among the all sample households are consuming less than the NIN recommendation.  The annual average income is around Rs.48989 per household. About 50 per cent of farm households are below poverty line.  The per capita average monthly expenditure is around Rs.924. Environmental Indicators-Ecosystem Services;  The value of ecosystem service helps to support investment to decision on soil and water conservation and in promoting sustainable land use.  The onsite cost of different soil nutrients lost due to soil erosion is around Rs. 423 per ha/year. The total cost of annual soil nutrients is around Rs. 328783 per year for the total area of 867.8 ha.  The average value of ecosystem service for food grain production is around Rs. 43095/ ha/year. Per hectare food grain production services is maximum in areca nut (Rs. 80030) followed by coconut (Rs. 44830) and ragi (Rs. 4427).  The average value of ecosystem service for fodder production is around Rs. 3397/ ha/year is ragi.  The data on water requirement for producing one quintal of grain is considered for estimating the total value of water required for crop production. The per hectare value of water used and value of water was maximum in coconut (Rs. 331961) followed by ragi (Rs. 16258) and areca nut (Rs. 11031). 3 Economic Land Evaluation;  The major cropping pattern is coconut (65.5 %) followed by ragi (29.6 %) and areca nut (4.8 %).  In Nagenahalli micro-watershed, major soil series are Hallikere (HLK) soil series are having very deep soil depth cover around 27.7 % area. On this soil farmers are presently growing ragi. Jedigere (JDG) soil series are having deep soil depth cover around 4.86 % area; the crops are coconut (90.4 %) ragi (9.5 %). Ranatur (RTR) soils are having very deep soil depth covered around 35.2 % areas; crops are areca nut (7.4 %), coconut (69.8 %) and ragi (22.7 %). Thondigere (TDG) soils are also having very deep soil depth covered around 5.36 % of area, crops are coconut.  The total cost of cultivation and benefit cost ratio (BCR) in study area for coconut ranges between Rs.246381/ha in TDG soil (with BCR of 1.15) and Rs. 106004/ha in RTR soil (with BCR of 1.29).  In ragi the cost of cultivation ranges between 73391/ha in JDG soil (with BCR of 1.04) and Rs.33907/ha in HLK soil (with BCR of 1.14).  In areca nut the cost of cultivation Rs.147210/ha in RTR soil (with BCR of 1.54).  The land management practices reported by the farmers are crop rotation, tillage practices, fertilizer application and use of farm yard manure (FYM). Due to higher wages farmer are following labour saving strategies is not prating soil and water conservation measures. Less ownership of livestock limiting application of FYM.  It was observed soil quality influences on the type and intensity of land use. More fertilizer applications in deeper soil to maximize returns. Suggestions;  Involving farmers is watershed planning helps in strengthens institutional participation.  The per capita food consumption and monthly income is very low. Diversifying income generation activities from crop and livestock production in order to reduce risk related to drought and market prices.  Majority of farmers reported that they are not getting timely support/extension services from the concerned development departments.  By strengthens agricultural extension for providing timely advice improved technology there is scope to increase in net income of farm households.  By adopting recommended package of practices by following the soil test fertiliser recommendation, there is scope to increase yield in coconut (32.5 to 49.8 %), ragi (37.7 to 68.2 %) and areca nut (77.8 %). ; Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project

Not Available ; The land resource inventory of Bachanahalli-2 microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and these physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characteristics, classification, behavior and use potentials of the soils in the microwatershed. The present study covers an area of 39 ha out of total area of 639 ha in Gundlupet Taluk, Chamarajanagar District Karnataka. The remaining area of about 600 ha is under Berambadi State Forest. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought - prone with an average annual rainfall of 734 mm, of which about 254 mm is received during the south –west monsoon, 26 8mm during north-east and the remaining 212 mm during the rest of the year. An area of about 6 per cent is covered by soils, 94 per cent by forests and 150 cm) soils.  About 4 per cent area has loamy soils and 2 per cent area has clayey soils at the surface.  About 5 per cent of the area has non-gravelly soils and 1 per cent gravelly soils (15- 35 % gravel) soils.  About 4 per cent area has low (51-100 mm/m) and 2 per cent very high (>200 mm/m) in available water capacity.  Entire area of about 6 per cent has very gently sloping (1-3%) lands.  About 6 per cent area is moderately eroded (e2) lands.  About 1 per cent area is slightly acidic (pH 6.0-6.5), about 5 per cent neutral (pH 6.5- 7.3) in soil reaction.  The Electrical Conductivity (EC) of the soils are dominantly 0.75%).  About 6 per cent area is medium (23-57 kg/ha) in available phosphorus.  Major area of about 5 per cent is high (>337 kg/ha) in available potassium and a small area of about 1 per cent has medium (145-337 kg/ha)  Available sulphur is low (4.5 ppm) in about 6 per cent area.  Available zinc is deficient (<0.6 ppm) in an area of about 1 per cent and sufficient in 5 per cent area.  Available manganese and copper are sufficient in all the soils.  The land suitability for 27 major crops grown in the microwatershed were assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price and finally the demand and supply position. Land suitability for various crops in the microwatershed Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Sorghum 26 (4) 11 (2) Guava 12(2) 5(1) Maize 12 (2) 11 (2) Banana - 32(5) Red gram 12(2) 19(3) Jackfruit - 17(3) Horsegram 12(2) 25 (4) Jamun 14(2) 17(3) Fieldbean - 38(6) Musambi 14(2) 17(3) Groundnut - 23(4) Lime 14(2) 17(3) Sunflower - 26(4) Cashew - 17(3) Cotton 14(2) 23(4) Custard apple 32(5) 6(1) Onion - 38(6) Amla 32(5) 6(1) Potato - 24(4) Tamarind 14(2) 17(3) Beans - 38(6) Marigold 12(2) 25(4) Beetroot - 24(4) Chrysanthemum - 38(6) Mango - 17(3) Turmeric - 24(4) Sapota 12(2) 5(1) Apart from the individual crop suitability, a proposed crop plan has been prepared for the 3 identified LMUs by considering only the highly and moderately suitable lands for different crops and cropping systems with food, fodder, fibre and other horticulture crops.  Maintaining soil-health is vital to crop production and conserve soil and land resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change. For this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested to these problematic soils like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc.  Soil and water conservation treatment plan has been prepared that would help in identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required.  As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to be planted in marginal and submarginal lands, field bunds and also in the hillocks, mounds and ridges. That would help in supplementing the farm income, provide fodder and fuel, and generate lot of biomass which in turn would help in maintaining the ecological balance and contribute to mitigating the climate change E SUMMARY Baseline socioeconomic characterisation is prerequisite to prepare action plan for program implementation and to assess the project performance before making any changes in the watershed development program. The baseline provides appropriate policy direction for enhancing productivity and sustainability in agriculture. Methodology: Bachanahalli-2 Microwatershed (Gopalapur sub-watershed, Gundlupet taluk and Chamarajanagar district) is located in between 11044' – 11046' North latitudes and 76031' – 76034' East longitudes, covering an area of about 639 ha, bounded by Maddur, Berambadi villages and Berambadi State Forest with a length of growing period (LGP) 120-150 days. We used soil resource map as basis for sampling farm households to test the hypothesis that soil quality influence crop selection, and conservation investment of farm households. The level of technology adoption and productivity gaps and livelihood patterns were analyses. The cost of soil degradation and ecosystem services were quantified. Results: The socio-economic outputs for the Bachanahalli-2 Microwatershed (Gopalapur sub-watershed, Gundlupet taluk and Chamarajanagar district) are presented here. Social Indicators;  Male and female ratio is 56.4 to 43.5 per cent to the total sample population.  Younger age 18 to 50 years group of population is around 56.4 per cent to the total population.  Literacy population is around 71.8 per cent.  Social groups belong to scheduled caste (SC) and scheduled tribe (ST) were around 22.2 per cent.  Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is the source of energy for a cooking among 88.9 per cent.  About 88.9 per cent of households have a yashaswini health card.  Dependence on ration cards for food grains through public distribution system is around 44.5 per cent.  Swach bharath program providing closed toilet facilities around 66.7 per cent.  Institutional participation is only 20.5 per cent.  Women participation in decisions making are around 22.2 per cent of sample households. Economic Indicators;  The average land holding is 1.9 ha indicates that majority of farm households are belong to small and medium farmers. The dry land account for 32.9 % and irrigated land is 67.1% of total cultivated land of the sample farmers. 2  Agriculture is the main occupation among 20.6 per cent and agriculture is the main and non agriculture labour is subsidiary occupation for 53.8 per cent of sample households.  The average value of domestic assets is around Rs. 12095 per household. Mobile and television are popular media mass communication.  The average value of farm assets is around Rs. 35270 per household, about 88.9 per cent of sample farmers are owing drip/sprinkler.  The average value of livestock is around Rs. 22050 per household; about 61.1 per cent of household are having livestock.  The average per capita food consumption is around 736.4 grams (1778.5 kilo calories) against national institute of nutrition (NIN) recommendation at 827 gram. Around 66.7 per cent of sample households are consuming less than the NIN recommendation.  The annual average income is around Rs 77492 per household. About 66.7 per cent of farm households are above poverty line.  The per capita average monthly expenditure is around Rs 1184. Environmental Indicators-Ecosystem Services;  The value of ecosystem service helps to support investment to decision on soil and water conservation and in promoting sustainable land use.  The onsite cost of different soil nutrients lost due to soil erosion is around Rs 1856 per ha/year. The total cost of annual soil nutrients is around Rs 68674 per year for the total area of 638.8 ha.  The average value of ecosystem service for food grain production is around Rs. 26259/ ha/year. Per hectare food grain production services is maximum in garlic (Rs. 101369) followed by sugarcane (Rs. 61120), banana (Rs. 44520), onion (Rs. 42386), beans (Rs. 25263), turmeric (Rs. 18906), beetroot (Rs. 1405), groundnut, ragi and maize are negative returns.  The average value of ecosystem service for fodder production is around Rs. 7464/ ha/year. Per hectare fodder production services is maximum in maize (Rs. 98198) followed by groundnut (Rs. 7348) and ragi (Rs. 4018).  The data on water requirement for producing one quintal of grain is considered for estimating the total value of water required for crop production. The per hectare value of water used and value of water was maximum in beans (Rs. 300723) followed by sugarcane (Rs. 129675), banana (Rs. 115311), turmeric (Rs. 63438), maize (Rs. 62834), groundnut, (Rs 41229), garlic (Rs 29097), ragi (Rs. 18915) and onion (Rs. 14509). 3 Economic Land Evaluation;  The major cropping pattern is banana (21.3 %) followed by maize (16.0 %), turmeric (14.0 %), ragi (13.4 %), groundnut (10.7 %), sorghum, sugarcane and beetroot of 5.7 per cent to each and beans is 2.6 per cent.  In Bachanahalli-2 micro watershed, major soils are Hullipura (HPR) soil series are having moderately shallow soil depth cover around 0.9 % of area, the crops are banana (52.3 %), sugarcane and turmeric was 23.9 % each. Kallipura (KLP) soil series having deep soil depth cover around 1.9 % of areas, crops are banana (18.7 %) garlic (5.2 %), groundnut (7.8 %), maize (27.7 %), onion (11.1 %), ragi (26.8 %) and turmeric (2.6 %). Maddinahundi (MDH) soil series are having deep soil depth cover around 0.8 per cent of area. The major crops grown are beans (16.7 %), cotton (37.5 %), beetroot (33.3 %), ragi (16.7%) and turmeric (33.3%).  The total cost of cultivation and benefit cost ratio (BCR) in study area for banana ranges between Rs. 94462/ha in KLP soil (with BCR of 1.28) and Rs. 79233/ha in HPR soil (with BCR of 1.78).  In ragi the cost of cultivation range between Rs. 36905/ha in KLP soil (with of 1.19) and Rs. 34622/ha in MDH soil (with BCR of 1.11).  In turmeric the cost of cultivation range between Rs. 599885/ha in KLP soil (with BCR of 1.07) and Rs. 84176/ha in MDH soil (with BCR of 1.58).  In sugarcane the cost of cultivation in HPR soil is Rs.93255/ha (with BCR of 1.66).  In beans the cost of cultivation in MDH soil is Rs 98237/ha (with BCR of 1.26).  In groundnut the cost of cultivation in KLP soil is Rs.60015/ha (with BCR of 1.06).  In onion the cost of cultivation in KLP soil is Rs 69634/ha (with BCR of 1.61).  In garlic the cost of cultivation in KLP soil is Rs.219731/ha (with BCR of 1.46).  In maize the cost of cultivation in KLP soil is Rs 71926/ha (with BCR of 1.6) and beetroot the cost cultivation in MDH soil is Rs.41388/ha (with BCR of 1.03).  The land management practices reported by the farmers are crop rotation, tillage practices, fertilizer application and use of farm yard manure (FYM). Due to higher wages farmer are following labour saving strategies is not prating soil and water conservation measures. Less ownership of livestock limiting application of FYM.  It was observed soil quality influences on the type and intensity of land use. More fertilizer applications on deeper soils to maximize returns. Suggestions;  Involving farmers is watershed planning helps in strengthing institutional participation. 4  The per capita food consumption and monthly income is very low. Diversifying income generation activities from crop and livestock production in order to reduce risk related to drought and market prices.  Majority of farmers reported that they are not getting timely support/extension services from the concerned development departments.  By strengthing agricultural extension for providing timely advice improved technology there is scope to increase in net income of farm households.  By adopting recommended package of practices by following the soil test fertiliser recommendation, there is scope to increase yield in banana (63.9 to 78.1 %), ragi (59.5 to 61.0 %), turmeric (8.9 to 38.8%), garlic (59.2%), onion (93.0 %), beans (61.3 %), sugarcane (54%) and beetroot (36.7 %). ; Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project

Introduction. The challenge of the pandemic forced educational organisations in Russia to resort to massive transition to distance learning and accelerated digital transformation of schools. It has become more obvious than ever that the digital transformation of a school is not limited to a simple technical update of its information resources but implies a fundamental rethinking of the school activities based on the capabilities of digital technologies. The aim of the study was to investigate the experience of digital transformation and the Russian school principals' notions about it as a systemic process. The subject of the study is the notion about the systemic impact of digital transformation processes on schools; the experience of complexity in the introduction of information technologies in the educational process and school management, the assessment of the progress of digitalisation; the notions about the factors of successful digital transformation, which require a critical understanding of the experience of implementing information technologies in the school, highlighting key success factors. Methodology and research methods. The authors analysed 7189 questionnaires using computer methods for processing the natural language. The questionnaires were completed in general education organisations of 66 regions from all federal districts of Russia. The respondents' answers were categorised in accordance with the European Framework for Technologically Competent Educational Organisations (DigCompOrg). Results. The research findings demonstrated the significant imbalance in the frequency of responses: the most frequent answers belong to the "Infrastructure" category, while the least frequent ones belong to the categories of pedagogical aspects of digital transformation affecting changes in the educational content and methods for assessing educational outcomes. It is concluded that the respondents' replies reflect the institutional position of school principals in the current educational system: a head of a government-funded school positions herself/himself as an administrative executor and a representative of the founder, rather than a leader of the teaching team. Consequently, the provision of educational achievements and students' personal development are largely not perceived by principles of Russian schools as a priority management task. Scientific novelty of the present research lies in the attempt to answer the question of how systematically the digital transformation of the principle is perceived, to apply DigCompOrg to the assessment of these categories by the European Framework of technologically competent educational organisations, as well as to use natural language processing methods to process text answers to open-ended questions of the questionnaire, which made it possible to obtain results on a large sample with wide geographical coverage. Practical significance. The research findings can be used in the development and implementation of advanced training programmes for school and college administrations in accordance with the ongoing digitalisation of Russian educational system. ; Введение. Вызов пандемии заставил образовательные организации в России прибегнуть к массовому переходу на дистанционное обучение и ускоренной цифровой трансформации школ. Стало как никогда очевидно, что цифровая трансформация школы не ограничивается простым техническим обновлением ее информационных ресурсов, но предполагает фундаментальное переосмысление деятельности школы с учетом возможностей цифровых технологий. Целью исследования является изучение опыта цифровой трансформации и пол- нота представлений директоров российских школ о ней как о системном процессе. Предметом исследования являются представления о том, какое системное влияние оказывают процессы цифровой трансформации на школу; опыт сложности при внедрении информационных технологий в образовательном процессе и управлении школой, оценка прогресса цифровизации; представления о факторах успешной цифровой трансформации, требующие критического осмысления опыта внедрения информационных технологий в своей школе, выделения ключевых факторов успеха. Методология, методы. При помощи компьютерных методов обработки естественного языка анализировались 7 189 анкет, заполненных в общеобразовательных организациях 66 регионов из всех федеральных округов России. Ответы респондентов были категоризованы в соответствии с Европейской рамкой технологически компетентных образовательных организаций DigCompOrg. Результаты. Обнаружен значительный дисбаланс в частоте ответов: наиболее частотные относятся к категории «Инфраструктура», наименее частотные – к категориям педагогических аспектов цифровой трансформации, в частности, затрагивающих изменения в содержании образования и методах оценки образовательных результатов. Делается вывод о том, что ответы респондентов отражают институциональную позицию директоров школ в существующей образовательной системе – директор государственной школы позиционирует себя скорее, как административный исполнитель и представитель учредителя, а не как лидер педагогического коллектива. При этом обеспечение учебных достижений и развитие учащихся не воспринимается директорами российских школ как приоритетная управленческая задача. Научная новизна. Новизна исследования заключается в попытке ответить на вопрос, насколько системно воспринимают цифровую трансформацию директора школ, в применении для оценки этого категорий Европейской рамкой технологически компетентных образовательных организаций DigCompOrg, а также в применении методов обработки естественного языка для обработки текстовых ответов на открытые вопросы анкеты, что позволило получить результаты на большой выборке с широким географическим охватом. Практическая значимость. Результаты исследования могут быть использовать при разработке и реализации программ повышения квалификации работников общего, специального и дополнительного образования, связанных с продолжающейся цифровизацией российского образования. ; Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения научно-исследовательской работы государственного задания РАНХиГС при финансовой поддержке гранта РФФИ, проект № 19-29-14180. ; The article was performed as a part of the state-assigned research work of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration with the financial support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), project № 19-29-14180.

Problem setting. Human actions and deeds that tend to deviate from institutionalized expectations are becoming less predictable, contrary to existing cultural and moral norms, social rules and responsibilities in a given society, and can be seen as a potential threat to the social order. That is why the need to analyze the problem of the nature of mass deviations is relevant.
Recent research and publications analysis. The results of scientific investigations of deviant behavior as a social phenomenon have found theoretical justification in the numerous works of sociologists, conflictologists, philosophers, culturologists, psychologists, jurists: I. Bakum, K. Bartol, G. Becker, R. Blackborn, T. Garasimov, J. D. Downs, P. Rock and Y. McLaughlin, I. Zhdanova, T. Zelinskaya, M. Inderbitsin, K. A. Bates, R. R. Heine, N. Kivenko, Z. Kisil, R.-V.Kisil, J. Kleiberg, L. Kozer, L. Kotlyarova, A. Crossman, C. Lombroso, E. Manuilov, Y. Kalinovsky, N. Martyniuk, V. Mendelevich, T. Parsons, B. Tkach, K. Horne, E. Erickson and many others.
Paper objective ‑ disclosure of the functional conditionality of the objective nature of deviation as a social phenomenon inherent in any society.
Paper main body. A methodological distinction between deviance as a system of certain individual and social anti-values has been made. The methodological basis of this distinction was the comparative analysis of nonconformist ("fundamental deviation") and aberrant ("appropriate deviation") behavior proposed by R. Merton. It is shown how the morphogenesis of aberrant behavior forms the mechanism of transition of individual anti-values into social ones. Initially, aberrations remain in the private sphere and have no social consequences, but over time, deviations spread, especially when most people see that violators thrive and become a "role model" (according to R. Merton), and the deviation becomes regular. The next step ‑ common in society aberrant behavior seeks to weaken or even destroy the legitimacy of institutional norms in force in the system, resulting in the institutionalization of deviations. This is due, firstly, to the regular nature of aberrations, secondly, the transition of deviations from the private to the public, thirdly, the well-established "social mechanics" of deviations and, finally, the rarity of penalties for aberrant behavior or its symbolic sanctions. As a result, three variants of institutionalized deviations are formed: "normative erosion", which is associated with the slow liberalization of certain norms; "Resistance to norms", when new norms are introduced by order "from above"; "Substitution of norms", when the current norms are not refuted, but common deviations seem to become legal due to the scale and duration of their application. Regardless of which option is implemented, it is through aberrations that the transition of individual anti-values into social ones is completed.
The objective nature of social deviations has a functional conditionality. First, society's desire for development requires a change in the usual ways of acting, which, in turn, involve deviations from social norms. The destruction of the standards of action proposed by the norms, due to mass repetitive deviations, performs a signal function of the obsolescence of those existing norms and values that inhibit social progress. Secondly, the increase in the number of interactions and, consequently, social roles that are simultaneously performed by a socially active person in the development of society, leads to the fact that within the system of social norms governing social interactions, contradictions arise when compliance with one rule effective need to violate another. Therefore, there are forced deviations. Based on this, a classification of deviant behavior is proposed, where the criterion for typology is the rationality / irrationality of the choice of actions: unconscious (is the result of mental disorders that lead to violations of human adaptation to social norms, when deviations from officially established or actually existing standards in society have no rational explanation) and conscious, which is divided intovoluntary (is a form of disorganization of human social behavior, which on the basis of their own rational moral choice consciously demonstrates inconsistencies with expectations and/or requirements of society) and forced (is a kind of behavior influence of objective external factors, characterized by the inevitability of violation of one rule in favor of another due to the presence of logical contradictions in the system of norms governing a certain type of social relations).
Conclusions of the research. Violation by the individual of the internalization process of social experience can lead to impoverishment of the role repertoire, its deformation, entry into the antisocial plane and, as a consequence, the emergence of various manifestations of personality antisocialization, its desocialization, and subsequent social maladaptation. At the same time, the transfer of emphasis in the value orientations of people from spiritual priorities to material ones intensifies the emergence of zones with a high level of social entropy in the social space. Social entropy provokes the spread of aberrant behavior - actions associated with a conscious hidden violation of social norms by the individual, when he is clearly aware of the asociality of their actions, creating a system of individual anti-values. Unlike nonconformist ("fundamental deviation"), which usually initiates normative innovation, aberrant behavior ("appropriate deviation") produces normative deviations. The lack of choice in the dilemma "to violate - not to violate the norm" leads to forced deviations, the analysis of the possible consequences of which requires further study.

Internationalisation is a significant activity of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) worldwide and is typically embedded within the aims, ambitions, vision, and strategy of the institution. It incorporates the policies and procedures required to facilitate participation within a global academic environment, and is often considered to be a transformative process that impacts practices in teaching and learning, research, and administration. With formal protocols to establish partnerships, such as memoranda of understanding and articulation agreements, the business of formally creating international partnerships is well defined. However, the motivations, corresponding metrics and key performance indicators (KPIs) of successful partnerships are not as well defined. At the institute level, there are often KPIs to measure student mobility, revenue generation, and funding. But internationalisation strategies also often include social, political and academic output and can be an important source of inspiration for wider innovation and entrepreneurial activity. In Ireland, for example, objective 2 of the 2018-2020 Higher Education System Performance Framework includes the strategic goals of increasing international student numbers, increasing the foreign language provision for Irish students, and increasing the number of academic publications with international peers. The issue facing HEIs is not that international partnerships cannot be created, it is that many such partnerships do not evolve, often fail to develop into meaningful long-term relationships, and do not adequately contribute to the underlying strategic goals of participating partners. These failures are attributed to the fact that, while support exists at a higher institute level, there is often a lack of buy-in and support at the faculty level, including language barriers, a lack of ongoing post-agreement communication, and cultural issues creating inertia in the relationship. While English is seen as the global language of science, it often puts at least one of the partners at a disadvantage if they are not natively proficient. Even when this barrier can be overcome, cultural differences can also contribute to unsustainable relationships. While faculties, and individuals within them, are ultimately the engines that drive the KPI activities of university strategic goals, research has shown that it is frequently through the building of friendships and the discovery of common interests between staff that is the key to developing sustainable partnerships. Brockington calls for a clear vision which is embraced by all stakeholders including faculty, administration and senior institution management, and that appropriate financial and international support models must be put in place to help nurture productive international partnerships. HEIs typically create significant numbers of partnerships with other international institutions. However, many of these simply fail to become active for the reasons already outlined. The hope would seem that simply increasing the quantity of partnerships will ultimately result in the desired level of activity. However, in this paper, we argue that a more nuanced understanding of the ecosystem is required to foster successful partnerships and to increase the productivity rate of these relationships. While there may not be a single model that addresses all issues given their dynamic nature and number of stakeholders required to make a partnership successful, a set of best practices and guidelines can be extracted based on examples of key partnerships that have been successful. In this paper we describe a successful and ongoing partnership between TU Dublin School of Computer Science and the Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT) College of Information Science and Technology. The model presented in this paper, Partner Co-hosted Model (PCM), evolved over many years and is based on a mutual desire to build meaningful and sustainable joint academic activity between the two institutions. This model has continued to evolve to sustain an ongoing cooperation and meaningful partnership and has demonstrated both its resilience and utility during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the following section, we review the context and background to the development of this model. In section three, we introduce the model and describe in detail its core features. Section four offers a summary of our conclusions and considers the possibility for further development of models of international partnerships as well as possible future research opportunities. This paper draws on the experiences and reflections of the programme team, including TU Dublin and BUCT staff members. As this programme has undergone a real time process of change and development, the lead authors have been able to reflect on (a) the changing nature of the programme, (b) the value of the programme to individual and institutional stakeholders, (c) the strengths and limitations of the model as it has involved and (d) and the experiences of dealing with the day-today challenges of international working. What is core to this discussion, is a recognition that running international programmes and partnership is only possible through clear, direct and ongoing dialogue (as this paper will address) but also a recognition that processes and experiences are inherently nonlinear and at times, as all authors here attest, challenging and 'messy'. All authors recognise that the development of this programme has required the involvement of a range of colleagues, both at TU Dublin and BUCT, from departments including finance, teaching excellence, marketing, international and technology learning specialists.

The research aims to study the impact of the platform economy on the institution of the welfare state; ascertaining of potential mechanisms for minimizing risks for the functioning of the welfare state in the latest business trends. The research methodology is a neo-institutional approach. The scientific novelty of the article is the initiation of the researches by political science at the intersection of two research areas: 1) crisis of the institution of the welfare state; 2) the benefits and threats of a platform economy. Emphasis is placed on ascertaining of changes in the architecture of the institution of the welfare state under the influence of the platform economy's factor. The theoretical significance of the study is to start the research of the ways of interinstitutional interaction of the research state and the platform economy from the standpoint of political science. The practical significance of the study is seen in the fact that Ukraine is currently at the start of building a national model of the welfare state and the factor of rapid development of the platform economy should be taken into account in this process. The author argues that business innovation (platform economy) with the proper assistance of government institutions can promote social innovation: "Industry 4.0" is reforming the welfare state in stagnation towards building a "welfare state" (Welfare 4.0), when the state will take advantage of platform economy. The author hypothesizes that the platform economy is endowed with the potential to act not as a factor in the destruction of the institution of the welfare state, but as a factor in its modernization for effective functioning in the context of globalization, technology and other challenges. Attention has been drawn to the importance of further research on how business innovations can be supported by state institutions to preserve the institution of the welfare state in its modernized model. Emphasis is placed on the need to study the regulatory aspect of the issue: how the state can regulate the activities of business platforms so that they promote the institution of the welfare state, rather than weaken it. The article is theoretical. ; Целью исследования является: изучение влияния платформенной экономики на институт социального государства; выяснения потенциальных механизмов минимизации рисков для функционирования социального государства в условиях новейших бизнес-трендов. Методологией исследования является неоинституциональный подход. Научная новизна статьи заключается в учреждении исследований политической наукой на пересечении двух исследовательских направлений: 1) кризиса института социального государства; 2) преимуществ и угроз платформенной экономики. Основной акцент сделан на выяснении изменений в архитектуре института социального государства под влиянием фактора платформенной экономики. Теоретическое значение исследования заключается в зарождении изучения с позиций политической науки форм межинституционального взаимодействия социального государства и платформенной экономики. Практическое значение исследования состоит в том, что Украина сегодня находится на старте развития национальной модели социального государства и в этом процессе должна учитывать фактор стремительного развития платформенной экономики. Автор доказывает, что бизнес-инновации (платформенная экономика) при должном содействии государственных институтов могут способствовать социальным инновациям: «Индустрия 4.0» изменит стагнирующее социальное государство на «социальное государство 4.0» (Welfare 4.0), когда государство будет использовать преимущества платформенной экономики. Автором высказана гипотеза, что платформенная экономика наделена потенциалом выступить не фактором разрушения института социального государства, а фактором его модернизации для эффективного функционирования в условиях глобализационных, технологических и других вызовов. Привлечено внимание к важности дальнейших исследований того, как бизнес-инновации могут поддерживаться государственными институтами для сохранения института социального государства в его модернизированной модели. Акцентировано на необходимости изучения нормативно-правового аспекта проблемы: как государство может упорядочить деятельность бизнес-платформ, чтобы они способствовали институту социального государства, а не ослабляли его. Статья имеет теоретический характер. ; Метою дослідження є: вивчення впливу платформної економіки на інститут соціальної держави; з'ясування потенційних механізмів мінімізації ризиків для функціонування соціальної держави в умовах новітніх бізнес-трендів. Методологією дослідження є неоінституційний підхід. Наукова новизна статті полягає у започаткуванні досліджень політичною наукою на перетині двох дослідницьких напрямків: 1) кризи інституту соціальної держави; 2) переваг і загроз платформної економіки. Основний акцент зроблено на з'ясуванні змін в архітектурі інституту соціальної держави під впливом чинника платформної економіки. Теоретичне значення дослідження полягає у започаткуванні вивчення з позицій політичної науки шляхів міжінституційної взаємодії соціальної держави та платформної економіки. Практичне значення дослідження вбачається у тому, що Україна нині є на старті розбудови національної моделі соціальної держави й в цьому процесі має враховувати фактор стрімкого розвитку платформної економіки. Авторка доводить, що бізнес-інновації (платформна економіка) за належного сприяння державних інституцій можуть сприяти соціальним інноваціям: «Індустрія 4.0» реформує соціальну державу в стані стагнації в напрямку побудови «соціальної держави 4.0» (Welfare 4.0), коли держава буде використовувати переваги платформної економіки. Авторкою висловлена гіпотеза, що платформна економіка наділена потенціалом виступити не чинником руйнації інституту соціальної держави, а чинником її модернізації задля ефективного функціонування в умовах глобалізаційних, технологічних та інших викликів. Привернено увагу до важливості подальших досліджень того, як бізнес-інновації можуть підтримуватися державними інститутами задля збереження інституту соціальної держави в його модернізованій моделі. Акцентовано на потребі вивчення нормативно-правового аспекту проблеми: як держава може унормувати діяльність бізнес-платформ, щоб вони сприяли інституту соціальної держави, а не ослаблювали його. Стаття має теоретичний характер.

When we talk about historical revisionism, negative connotations as a rule are prevailing. Prohibition of revision of certain historical interpretation and assessment is one of the tasks of historical policy which is carried out by adopting so-called «memorial laws». Taking care of the formation of the desired representations of the past (narratives) is directly related to the interests of institutionalized power in its own stabilization and strengthening. Power is a function of the community, whose identity is formed historically. Consolidation of collective identity through the support and repro- duction of common representations of the past is one of the tools to strengthen power. At the same time, the very nature of human experience acquisition which is permanent mediation of the horizon of the past and the present, presuppose a reinterpretation of this past. Major shifts in the experience of generations, which occur as a result of certain social changes, lead to a new look at the past of the community. In this sense, rethinking and rewriting history becomes necessary to clarify, update, rationalize the collective identity, which is problematized by new experience. Historical policy can both respond to this need for identity transformation through re- thinking representations of one's own past and come into conflict with it. In the latter case, the narratives transferring by institutional power begin to conflict with the communicative memory of the generation experiencing a shift. One of the tools of self-preservation of power in this situ- ation is blocking of living historical experience, which can take various forms. The culmination of such a blockade is «hermetization» of historical time that take place in totalitarian state. The living historicity of experience, which requires a constant rethinking of one's own historically inherited identity, is replaced by an artificial, time-frozen identity, which, precisely because of this nature, becomes fragile and doomed to destruction. On the other hand, the rewriting of history initiated by the authorities within the framework of historical policy may face resistance to the representations of the past rooted in the commu- nicative and cultural memory. The resistance of historical narratives indicates that the collective memory and the identity founded in it are not only a power construct, but also a spontaneous layering of sediments of historical experience. In today's world of global communications and unified everyday practices, historical narra- tives are beginning to play an increasing role, as they remain the only seat of identity. At the same time, this process reinforces the conflict potential of communities, which can be observed in many examples of the revival of historically motivated political ambitions. In this situation, a critical clarification of various interpretations of the past becomes a means of rationalizing the historically inherited identity of communities as a necessary condition for intercultural dialogue. ; У сучасній суспільній думці феномен історичного ревізіонізму має, переважно, негативні ко- нотації. Одним з головних завдань історичної політики сучасних держав є заборона перегля- ду певних історичних інтерпретацій та оцінок, яка реалізується за допомогою так званих «меморіальних законів». Опікування формуванням бажаних репрезентацій минулого (нарати- вів) безпосередньо пов'язане з інтересами влади у власній стабілізації та підсиленні. Влада є функцією спільноти, ідентичність якої формується історично. Консолідація колективної іден- тичності через підтримання та відтворення спільних репрезентацій минулого є одним із інст- рументів зміцнення влади. В той же час сам характер набуття людиною історичного досвіду, який є постійним опосередкуванням горизонту минулого сучасним, передбачає і реінтерпретацію цього мину- лого. Великі зрушення у досвіді поколінь, які відбуваються внаслідок певних соціальних змін, зумовлюють і новий погляд на минуле спільнот. У цьому сенсі якраз переосмислення та пере- писування історії стає необхідним для прояснення, поновлення, раціоналізації колективної ідентичності, яка проблематизується новим досвідом. Історична політика може як відповідати цій потребі трансформації ідентичності крізь переосмислення репрезентацій власного минулого, так і вступати у суперечність з нею. В останньому випадку трансльовані владою наративи починають конфліктувати з комуні- кативною пам'яттю покоління, що переживає зрушення у досвіді. Один із інструментів самозбереження влади у цій ситуації — блокування історичного досвіду, що може мати різні форми. Кульмінацією такого блокування є «герметизація» часу, типова для тоталітарної дер- жави. Жива історичність досвіду, яка вимагає постійного переосмислення власної історично успадкованої ідентичності, підміняється штучною, застиглою у часі ідентичністю, яка саме в силу цього свого характеру стає крихкою та приреченою на руйнацію. З іншого боку, ініційовані владою у межах історичної політики переписування історії можуть наражатися на опір вкорінених у комунікативній та культурній пам'яті історич- них репрезентацій минулого. Резистентність історичних наративів вказує на те, що колек- тивна пам'ять і фундована в ній ідентичність є не лише інституційними (владними) кон- структами, але й стихійними нашаруваннями седиментацій історичного досвіду. У сучасному світі ґлобальних комунікацій та уніфікованих повсякденних практик іс- торичні наративи починають відігравати дедалі більшу роль, оскільки залишаються єдиним «вмістилищем» унікальності колективної ідентичності. Разом з тим цей процес підсилює конфліктний потенціал спільнот, що можна спостерігати на численних сучасних прикладах відродження історично мотивованих політичних амбіцій. У цій ситуації критичне прояснен- ня різноманітних репрезентацій минулого стає засобом раціоналізації історично успадкова- них ідентичностей спільнот як необхідної умови міжкультурного діалогу.

What is the nature of the EU's policies towards its eastern neighbours? Is it to create a 'ring of friends' or an imperial strategy? Ever since the establishment of the European project, this subject has been heavily debated. The EU might present similarities with an empire, through ever-changing borders, its multi-level governance system, its use of soft power instrument or that might present itself has characteristics of a hegemonic power. The 'conquest' through political and economic accommodation rather than military force or conflict. The Union is, thus, believed to be acquiring the characteristics of a predominant international actor: a common currency, a central governmental structure in Brussels, the reinforcement of external borders, and even an attempt at a European army. Enlargement has, over the years, become the most important tool in the 'imperial narrative'. The power variables that the enlargement process brings contribute to the byproduct that is the European integration process and the creation of a cultural, political and economic institutional diversity. Empires have also been characterized by a dichotomy, at a centre-periphery level through the disparities at an economic and political level. Meaning that they are, at times, accused in the international system, of unequal distributions of power or the attempt of trying to shape the international system according to its own personal preferences, but so do most hegemonic powers. The territorial fluctuations that the Union is constantly a part of due to its enlargement policy and due to the lack of an extensive array of military capabilities, since its military instruments mostly perform peacekeeping operations abroad, not a defence strategy. The civilian and normative power are preferred over the use of military instruments, maintaining the benign 'repertoire' of the union in the global stage. It is implicit, that the CFSP is not about deterring aggressors, but to understand and identify common problems that can lead to common denominators solutions. This does not mean that the EU does not hold a powerful representation amongst international actors, its 'soft power' instruments have many times worked in an assertive manner, the best example being the former eastern soviet republics to where the EU, instead of implementing a direct rule exported values and norms. There are no fixed borders in the EU, however, it is hard to imagine the staterelations to go back to what they were during the soviet regimes since the governance infrastructures have suffered tremendous changes. ; Qual é a natureza das políticas da UE perante os seus vizinhos orientais? É criar um "anel de amigos" ou uma estratégia imperial? Desde o estabelecimento do projeto europeu, esse assunto tem sido fortemente debatido. A UE pode apresentar semelhanças com um império através das constantes, e visíveis, mudanças perante as suas fronteiras, perante o seu sistema de governança multinível, o seu uso de instrumentos de soft power, ou apenas demonstrar as características de um poder hegemónico. Uma "conquista" por 'acomodação' política e económica, e não por conflito militar. Acredita-se que a União Europeia tem vindo, ao longo dos anos, a adquirir as características de um ator internacional predominante: uma moeda comum, uma estrutura governamental que apresenta o seu core em Bruxelas, o reforço das fronteiras externas e até uma tentativa de criação de um exército europeu. Ao longo dos anos, a sua política de alargamento tornouse a ferramenta mais importante na construção imperial. As variáveis de poder que traz consigo nesse mesmo processo, contribuem para o subproduto que é o processo de integração europeia e a criação de uma diversidade institucional cultural, política e económica. Os impérios são muitas vezes caracterizados por uma dicotomia, centro-periferia, onde existem claras disparidades a nível económico e político, o mesmo tem acontecido com os países centrais e periféricos da União. Sendo muitas vezes a acusados no sistema internacional, de desiguais distribuições de poder ou de tentativa de forma a tentar moldar o sistema internacional de acordo com suas próprias preferências pessoais. As 'flutuações' territoriais das quais a EU é constantemente alvo devido à sua política de alargamento e à falta de uma ampla gama de capacidades militares, uma vez que os seus instrumentos militares executam principalmente operações de manutenção da paz no exterior. O poder 'civil' e 'normativo' são instrumentos preferenciais sobre qualquer instrumento de carácter militar estando de acordo com aquilo que é a imagem de actor benigno num cenário global. Assim sendo, a PESC não se destina a dissuadir possíveis agressores, mas a compreender e identificar problemáticas comuns dos respetivos estados-membros, que podem levar a soluções de denominadores comuns. Isso não significa que a UE não possui uma representação internacionais enquanto actor global, com um determinado poderio; demonstrando que os instrumentos de soft power podem funcionar de forma assertiva, sendo o melhor exemplo disso, as antigas repúblicas soviéticas de Leste para onde a UE com os seus instrumentos exportou, com mérito, os seus valores e normas. Não há fronteiras fixas na UE, no entanto, torna-se difícil imaginar as relações estatais a retroceder ao que eram durante o regime soviético, uma vez que as infraestruturas de governança sofreram alterações tremendas.

The origin of co-owned high-rise social housing has its origin in Chile in the mid-thirties. Although various housing projects have managed to sustain the maintenance of the commons under this model, in many others there has been a profound state of disrepair. Although, in many cases this is the result of poor quality in terms of the architecture and spatial quality with which they were built, a determining fact is the families often face difficulties weaving a tight-knit social fabric and understanding the rules governing the administration of public goods, resulting a complex neighborhood coexistence.Based on this reality, this article consists of a historic overview that focuses on the case of housing projects built in the eighties and nineties under a quantitative logic of economic liberalism model and their current issues, as examined under a comparative documentary study addressing the regulatory and institutional framework that shaped the co-owned, high-rise social housing model implemented in Chile, in addition to its political, social, and economic context. This overview addresses aspects relative to typological and morphological changes as well as current approaches and interventions designed under public policies aimed at resolving the disrepair and sustainability of these social housing complexes and their communities. ; La vivienda social en altura en Chile, administrada bajo el régimen de copropiedad, tiene su origen a mediados de 1930. Si bien, diversos conjuntos han logrado sostener la mantención de los bienes comunes bajo este modelo, en otros se ha evidenciado un profundo deterioro. Aunque, en algunos casos, se debe a la baja calidad arquitectónica y espacial con la que fueron construidos, un hecho determinante es la dificultad de las familias para configurar un tejido social cohesionado y entender las normas que regulan la administración de bienes comunes, desencadenando una compleja convivencia vecinal.Basados en esta realidad, el estudio se centra en las problemáticas que han surgido en los conjuntos construidos en las décadas de 1980 y 1990 bajo una lógica de producción de libre mercado. A partir de una investigación documental comparada sobre el marco normativo e institucional que ha determinado la formación de la vivienda social en altura regida por el modelo de copropiedad en Chile y su contexto político, social y económico, el articulo desarrolla un recorrido histórico por sus transformaciones tipológicas y morfológicas, exponiendo los actuales enfoques y líneas de intervención diseñados desde las políticas públicas para responder al deterioro y sostenibilidad de los denominados condominios sociales y sus comunidades. ; Les logements sociaux de grande hauteur, administrés dans le cadre du régime de copropriété, sont originaires du Chili au milieu des années 1930. Bien que divers groupes aient réussi à maintenir le maintien des biens communs dans le cadre de ce modèle, dans de nombreux autres, il y a eu une profonde crise de détérioration. Bien que cela soit dû, dans certains cas, à la faible qualité architecturale et spatiale avec laquelle ils ont été construits, un fait déterminant est la difficulté des familles à configurer un tissu social cohérent et à comprendre les normes qui régissent l'administration des biens communs, déclenchant une coexistence complexe de quartiers.Partant de cette réalité, l'étude se concentre sur les différents problèmes qui se sont posés dans les complexes construits en 1980 et 1990 dans une logique de production de marché libre. Sur la base d'une recherche documentaire comparative, autour du cadre normatif et institutionnel qui a déterminé la formation de logements sociaux de grande hauteur régi par le modèle de la copropriété au Chili et son contexte politique, social et économique, l';article développe un voyage historique à travers ses transformations typologiques etmorphologiques, exposant finalement les approches et les lignes d'intervention actuelles conçues à partir des politiques publiques répondre à la détérioration et à la durabilité des soi-disant copropriétés sociales et de leurs communautés. ; As habitação social em altura sob o conceito de co-propriedade originam-se, teve origem no Chile em meados da década de 1930. Embora vários projetos tenham conseguido sustentar a manutenção de bens comuns sob esse modelo, em muitos outros foi evidente uma profunda e complexa crise de deterioração. Embora isso se deva, em alguns casos, à baixa qualidade arquitetônica e espacial com a qual foram construídas, um fato determinante é a dificuldade das famílias em configurar um tecido social coeso e compreender as regras que regem a administração dos bens comuns, gerando uma coexistência complexa da vizinhança.Com base nessa realidade, o estudo concentra-se nos vários problemas que surgiram dos bairros construídos nas décadas de 1980 e 1990 sob uma lógica de produção do liberalismo econômico.Com base em uma pesquisa documental comparativa, em torno do marco regulatório e institucional que determina a formação da habitação social em altura sob o modelo de co-propriedade no Chile e seu contexto político, social e econômico, o artigo desenvolve uma trajetória histórica para através de suas transformações tipológicas e morfológicas, expondo finalmente as abordagens e linhas de intervenção atuais projetadas a partir de políticas públicas para responder à deterioração e sustentabilidade dos chamados condomínios sociais e de suas comunidades.

Problem setting. At the present stage of human evolution, the development of the information society plays a major role. One of the vectors for society's development is digital transformation, including the use of e-government. E-governance technologies are an important factor for successful public administration reform in the country.The eGovernment implementation strategy is defined in the eGovernment Development Concept in Ukraine approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. But the practical implementation of this concept reveals a number of problems, both legal and informational. Among these problems is the problem of assessing the current state of e-government in the country and regions.Recent research and publications analysis. Estimates of the development of e-government and information society are devoted to the work of such scientists as: Zhilyayeva IB, Dovgoy OS, Semenchenko AI, Polumienko SK and others. At the same time, there is a lack of research aimed at creating a national system of indicators for the development of e-government and the information society at both national and regional levels.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current international rating indices for the development of the information society and e-governance and to identify relevant groups of indicators for their introduction into the national system of indicators.Paper main body. When implementing e-governance in public institutions and organizations, it is crucial to have an objective assessment of the functioning of modern information technology (IT). At the present stage of information technology development, including in the functioning of e-government, different approaches are used, among which the most recognized is the approach based on the use of integrated assessment. An integrated assessment of e-government activity is a characteristic of e-government activity that results from the study of a set of indicators that determine most government and public processes and provides aggregate data on the results of e-services development.At the World Summit on the Information Society in Tunisia in 2005, a core set of information and telecommunication indicators was approved, on the basis of which statistical analysis is carried out and country ratings are formed at the international level. At this summit, it was noted that, given their specificity, countries are introducing their own set of indicators for the development of the information society. At the same time, it is emphasized that although the rapid development of technologies causes changes in the structure of indicators, the characteristic set consists of the following four groups:– infrastructure and access to IT;– access and use of IT by households and individuals;– use of IT in business;– IT sector and IT merchandise.The most popular, as shown by the research of the authors on the basis of the analysis of the websites of international organizations, are the ratings built using the following indices:– eGovernment Development Index (EGDI);– E-Participation Index (EPART);– the Global Innovation Index (GII);– Global Connectivity Index (GCI, Huawei);– IMD World Digital Competitiveness Index (WDCI);– Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI);– ICT Development Index (IDI);– Networked Readiness Index (NRI).The WDCR, NRI, GCI indexes more closely reflect institutional, economic and technological indicators. The DESI, IDI, EGDI, EPART indices are more focused on the social sphere and are used to assess the development of the information society in the country.The composite indices listed above can be used for analysis and overall trends in e-governance and ICT in the country, as well as for benchmarking with the region's and world leaders.By all indexes, Ukraine is far behind the leading countries, leading to the implementation of strategic measures for the development of the information society and e-governance.Thus, the International Indices provide an objective and importantly independent from the authorities and indicate the need to step up actions to create conditions for the development of e-government, public institutions and digitization of both business and public processes.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. Recently, the development of e-governance and the introduction of electronic administrative services are moving to a new level. The international indicators discussed in the article give a full assessment of the level of development and functioning of e-government in the country. However, these techniques mainly assess the technical component, the level of education of the population and the number of available electronic services. At the same time, eGovernment is a complex phenomenon that, at least in Ukraine, is related to the transformation of public administration, both at the state and local levels. Therefore, assessing the level of eGovernment development should be done not only across the country, but also with objective data by region.Further studies will identify key indicators and indicators that will allow monitoring and evaluation of the development of e-governance and the information society in the country and its regions. ; Розглянуто існуючі міжнародні індекси та рейтинги розвитку інформаційного суспільства та електронного врядування. Проаналізовано складові міжнародних індексів та можливість застосування їх для оцінки сучасного стану електронного урядування в країні та регіонах. Обґрунтовано ключові показники для побудови національної вимірювальної системи розвитку електронного урядування.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE ORGANIZATION OF PROVIDING THE SOCIAL SERVICES FOR SPECIALISTS PHARMACYM. V. ZarichkovaInstituteofPharmacyProfessionals Qualification Improvement (IPHPQI), NationalUniversityofPharmacy, KharkivSummary: the main components of the system of social services (SS) for specialists' pharmacy, namely the quality, the monitoring, the control and the evaluation of SS were considered. SS as an economic category was analyzed and outlined its basic properties. The differences of SS and material assistance were given. It was theoretically proved necessity of improvement some of the terms, including «social services», «monitoring of social services», «quality of social services for specialists pharmacy» and others. The algorithm for monitoring, control and evaluation of SS was developed. It was proposed to consider these components as a chain of «Monitoring of social services (MSS) - Control of Social Services (CSS) - Evaluation of Social Services (ESS)». It was investigated the legislative support of provision of SS and on its basis proposed to develop the unified standard of SS for specialists pharmacy.Keywords: social protection of specialists pharmacy, pharmaceutical industry, social services, monitoring of social services, control of social services, evaluation of social services.Introduction. The important aspect in providing SS specialists pharmacy is the implementation of the institutional analysis of the production sector SS of an administrative-territorial unit. Particular attention is given to study ought the state's role in the formation and development of the sector SS; study the scope and structure of the sector SS relevant administrative units, mechanisms and forms of interaction between its elements, potential and resources of organizations to provide the necessary SS. This requires comprehensive research and detailed description the sector SS. The analysis of the scope of the provision of SS may be useful to identify of social groups' pharmacy professionals who today feel the need in social protection and the relevant SS [1, 2].Research methods. The basis of the research served as the requirements legislative and normative acts the system for providing SS in Ukraine; domestic scientific achievements of the organization and economics of pharmacy. During research the have been used the modern scientific methods: comparison (generalization legislative base on providing SS), logical (research of dynamics of changes in the provision of SS), historical analysis and more. We have been analyzed the existing scientific publications of foreign and domestic authors, who covered the issues related to social protection. Thus, the problems of social security of the population studied, particularly domestic scientists - Kotvitska A.A., Posylkina A.V., Nemchenko A.S. etc. The analysis of the literature has shown that the attention to the use of SS inUkraine started quite recently, and experience in providing SS for specialists' pharmacy is an innovative.Results and discussion. The development of the private sector social service is extremely slow inUkraine. This is associated with the imperfection of the normative base which does not allow developing non government social services, in particular given the sector specific. The development of the private sector in the social protection specialist pharmacy (SPSPh) ofUkraine is a social problem which requires immediate resolution. The demand for alternative social care of professionals pharmacy has been around a long time, but appropriate conditions for its implementation has not created [1].Developed industries countries use different models of social services, which are promising for application inUkraine. The foreign experience of the private sector to provide SS demonstrates the significant achievements in this regard.Is necessary to note that in all these countries the right to providing SS guaranteed by the State and derive social competition. Typically in private institutions SS is cheaper than in public. However, the recipients seeking to use the SS of state institutions because the quality of SS is higher.Conclusions. 1. Has been analyzed the existing experience of SS in Ukraine and abroad and the possibility of their use in the trade unions and other organizations that deal with social protection specialist pharmacy has been established. It was found that to date is missing effective mechanism to provide of SS specialists pharmacy in the relevant administrative units territorially because we consider it necessary to create a single register of SS for pharmacy professionals.2. The basic criterion features of SS were analyzed and brief description of them was given, with highlighted as features of each criterion.3. It was analyzed the legislative and normative base which regulates the system of SS and discovered necessity of improvement of some terminological definition of concepts such as "social service", "monitoring of social services", "quality of social services for specialists pharmacy " and so on.4. It was studied the system of SS inUkraineand found that it is reasonable to improve the organization of monitoring, control and evaluation of SS. To summarize the actions in this direction was suggested to consider these components as a chain "MSS - CSS - ESS."5. The resulted of studies have demonstrated that there exists necessity of development of system of SS standards that provide adequate standard of living specialists pharmacy and correspond to the European standards. Considering this, the basis of social protection specialist pharmacy is necessary to not establish subsistence minimum, as specified in the applicable social laws and social standards on the basis of pharmacy professionals.

Over 75% of the hydropower electricity generated in Mozambique is exported to neighbouring countries; however, access to electricity continues to be a dream to many of its own citizens, mainly in rural areas. While in urban and peri-urban areas, the reliability, affordability, and quality of services are constant nightmares. With old, fast-growing and overloaded grid connections, and an enduring problematic electricity service provision, small changes in weather and climate represent to many citizens fear of prolonged power cuts or oscillations that are disruptive to their activities and detrimental to their household electrical appliances. On the other hand, while electricity tariffs are currently very expensive to most households' realities, they are not cost-reflective, thereby putting the national electricity supply company (Electricidade de Moçambique – EDM) in a rocketing financial debt (more than US$1 billion) and insolvency. Thus, cost-reflective tariffs are deemed critical to ensure the company's sustainability, viability, and provision of quality services. Yet, the tariffs may be unaffordable to many of EDM's current and future residential customers. This paper examines EDM's challenges of providing affordable and reliable electricity for all while at the same time ensuring the company's financial sustainability and viability of operations. We explore the political, economic and technical factors that have contributed to EDM's struggles to fulfil its social and commercial directives roles. Methodology Since November 2019 we have been conducting fieldwork in Mozambique to build a more comprehensive understanding of the history and development of the country's energy system and the challenges EDM faces to satisfy its social and commercial mandates. To this end, we selected four major cities as the study sites, Maputo and Matola in the Southern Region (Maputo Province), Beira in the Central (Sofala Province) and Nampula in the Northern region (Nampula Province). These cities also have historically differed in terms of political orientation and level of development. Maputo and Matola have been traditionally FRELIMO (Mozambican Liberation Front) supporters, while Beira and Nampula have belonged to the opposition parties, firstly RENAMO (Mozambican National Resistance) and then MDM (Mozambique Democratic Movement). Since EDM is a governmental institution and the state has been run by FRELIMO since independence, these diverse political orientations will allow the correlation of political orientation with the level and quality of electricity service provision. Additionally, we have decided to include both Maputo city and Matola in the survey because even though Maputo city is historically the main city in the province, Matola is mostly an emerging area, has a largest and more populated residential area than Maputo city, so it's likely to have much more interesting challenging in terms of energy access. This will provide different consumers' perspectives and allow comparison in terms of challenges of energy provision, affordability, level of consumption and reliability in emerging and developed. We are currently conducting research in Maputo and Matola cities, but the same methodology will be used in Beira and Nampula cities. Thus, the data that will be presented in the conference will mostly reflect results from Maputo province. However, a final paper will be produced upon the end of the data collection. In each city, we are surveying a total of 6 neighbourhoods (3 peri-urban and 3 urban areas) that are being randomly selected, but we are trying to ensure a balanced selection of the neighbourhoods to include emerging and developed areas, as previously mentioned. Within the neighbourhoods, the surveys are being conducted at household level. These participants are being randomly selected, and where it is possible both husband and wife are being surveyed. This gender balance intends to have different perspectives within the household regarding their month energy consumption, reliability and affordability, including number of times they top-up their pre-paid meters, called Credelec. It also intends to explore their levels of satisfaction with the electricity service provision, complains made to EDM and how they were answered. At EDM, the interviews are being conducted at different levels, i.e., from the directorial to the technical level. The majority of EDM's participants are being purposefully selected based on their job position, but others knowledgeable and experienced participants are being selected using snowball. The idea of including these diverse levels of employees is to have a better understanding of the challenges that EDM faces from the managerial to the technical (field) levels to provide quality and reliable services at affordable prices. Thus, the interviews with EDM are being conducted at different locations such as office buildings, stations and thermal centrals. The interviews explore in depth the main challenges EDM faces with their electricity system and the main consumers' complaints they receive. The interviews also explore the economic, technical and political factors that have contributed to the challenges and how they address them. To broad our understanding of EDM challenges, we are also reviewing official documents, reports and policy briefs from relevant institutions in the energy sector' journal articles and media news (television, printed and online newspapers). Hence, to allow participants to deeply share their knowledge and develop their viewpoints, open-ended questions are being used in the surveys at both household and institutional levels. In addition, the surveys are being audio recorded to capture all participants' responses and are being transcribed to Microsoft Word and later will be analysed using Nvivo (qualitative data) and Statistical Package for Social Sciences - SPSS (quantitative data).

Problem setting. At the present stage of human evolution, the development of the information society plays a major role. One of the vectors for society's development is digital transformation, including the use of e-government. E-governance technologies are an important factor for successful public administration reform in the country.The eGovernment implementation strategy is defined in the eGovernment Development Concept in Ukraine approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. But the practical implementation of this concept reveals a number of problems, both legal and informational. Among these problems is the problem of assessing the current state of e-government in the country and regions.Recent research and publications analysis. Estimates of the development of e-government and information society are devoted to the work of such scientists as: Zhilyayeva IB, Dovgoy OS, Semenchenko AI, Polumienko SK and others. At the same time, there is a lack of research aimed at creating a national system of indicators for the development of e-government and the information society at both national and regional levels.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current international rating indices for the development of the information society and e-governance and to identify relevant groups of indicators for their introduction into the national system of indicators.Paper main body. When implementing e-governance in public institutions and organizations, it is crucial to have an objective assessment of the functioning of modern information technology (IT). At the present stage of information technology development, including in the functioning of e-government, different approaches are used, among which the most recognized is the approach based on the use of integrated assessment. An integrated assessment of e-government activity is a characteristic of e-government activity that results from the study of a set of indicators that determine most government and public processes and provides aggregate data on the results of e-services development.At the World Summit on the Information Society in Tunisia in 2005, a core set of information and telecommunication indicators was approved, on the basis of which statistical analysis is carried out and country ratings are formed at the international level. At this summit, it was noted that, given their specificity, countries are introducing their own set of indicators for the development of the information society. At the same time, it is emphasized that although the rapid development of technologies causes changes in the structure of indicators, the characteristic set consists of the following four groups:– infrastructure and access to IT;– access and use of IT by households and individuals;– use of IT in business;– IT sector and IT merchandise.The most popular, as shown by the research of the authors on the basis of the analysis of the websites of international organizations, are the ratings built using the following indices:– eGovernment Development Index (EGDI);– E-Participation Index (EPART);– the Global Innovation Index (GII);– Global Connectivity Index (GCI, Huawei);– IMD World Digital Competitiveness Index (WDCI);– Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI);– ICT Development Index (IDI);– Networked Readiness Index (NRI).The WDCR, NRI, GCI indexes more closely reflect institutional, economic and technological indicators. The DESI, IDI, EGDI, EPART indices are more focused on the social sphere and are used to assess the development of the information society in the country.The composite indices listed above can be used for analysis and overall trends in e-governance and ICT in the country, as well as for benchmarking with the region's and world leaders.By all indexes, Ukraine is far behind the leading countries, leading to the implementation of strategic measures for the development of the information society and e-governance.Thus, the International Indices provide an objective and importantly independent from the authorities and indicate the need to step up actions to create conditions for the development of e-government, public institutions and digitization of both business and public processes.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. Recently, the development of e-governance and the introduction of electronic administrative services are moving to a new level. The international indicators discussed in the article give a full assessment of the level of development and functioning of e-government in the country. However, these techniques mainly assess the technical component, the level of education of the population and the number of available electronic services. At the same time, eGovernment is a complex phenomenon that, at least in Ukraine, is related to the transformation of public administration, both at the state and local levels. Therefore, assessing the level of eGovernment development should be done not only across the country, but also with objective data by region.Further studies will identify key indicators and indicators that will allow monitoring and evaluation of the development of e-governance and the information society in the country and its regions. ; Розглянуто існуючі міжнародні індекси та рейтинги розвитку інформаційного суспільства та електронного врядування. Проаналізовано складові міжнародних індексів та можливість застосування їх для оцінки сучасного стану електронного урядування в країні та регіонах. Обґрунтовано ключові показники для побудови національної вимірювальної системи розвитку електронного урядування.

Within the field of environmental communication, it is common to distinguish between top-down and bottom-up processes. Whereas top-down processes are seen as driven by powerful governmental or institutional bodies, bottom-up processes are associated with citizen driven efforts. This paper, however, departs from that dichotomy by focusing on professionals as drivers of change towards green transition, thereby taking what has been termed a middle out approach (Janda & Parag, 2013). The professionals of relevance for green transition are employed in both the public and private sector, for instance as energy consultants, communication managers, or craftsmen with expertise on energy saving. They often interact with other professionals, citizens and political players, and can be viewed as intermediaries between citizens and governments (Kivimaa & Martiskainen, 2018). The professionals have no legislative power and work within the framework of political decisions made by others. However, instead of viewing them as simply carrying out or implementing political decisions, they should be seen as having a more substantial influence on green energy transition process. This calls for development of new methods which can facilitate future innovative ideas based on current professional expertise as well as dialogical exchange across professional backgrounds. This paper presents a method to make central professional actors within the district heating sector discuss future ideas on how to use residential buildings as flexibility generators in the system. The method is inspired by the Future Workshop approach suggested by Junk and Müllert (1987) and Lauttamäki (2014), but has been adjusted to address specific technical questions and participation from professionals rather than citizens. The method seeks to facilitate inter-professional sharing of experiences and perspectives, including discussions on potentials, challenges and visions for a future intermittent energy system. Key professional actors involved in the testing of the method were representatives from municipalities, utilities, housing associations, private companies, technology developers etc. While anticipation is nothing new to many of these actors in the form of technical modelling and simulation, the current use of future workshops offers a more holistic approach which allows the participants to co-articulate a diversity of anticipatory forms such such as societal visions, business models, and technological arrangements. This paper reports on three future workshops conducted at three different places in Denmark and include both method discussion and presentation of preliminary findings. The future workshops were structured in three different phases. In the first phase, the professionals were asked to individually brainstorm on key actors needed to realize an integration of buildings into a future intermittent energy system. The identified actors were then mapped out on concentric circles, to prioritize their importance between high and low. The professionals were asked to attach small post-it' notes to each of the actors about what they see as a central challenge for the specific actor in relation to the theme discussed. Phase two followed the same steps as phase one, but focused on the needs for technologies and infrastructures. Based on the mappings in phase one and two, the actors were asked in phase three to identify the most important challenges, as well as to create drawings of future ideal solutions to these challenges. A key part of the method is the use of tangible materials (concentric-circles, post-it-notes, drawings etc.) inspired from practices of participatory innovation (Buur & Matthews, 2008; Buur & Larsen, 2010) and participatory design (Sanders & Stappers, 2008; Simonsen & Robertsen, 2013). Those fields have a long tradition for using artefacts as means to engage many different actors in future innovations. In the future workshops the materials are placed on a table to focus the discussion within a group of different professionals. The materials serves as mediating artefacts between the professionals' different knowledge and perception, and are thus important for both representation of prior knowledge and learnings, as well as negotiation and construction of new meaning (Vygotsky, 1986; Cole & Engeström, 1993). As such the tangible materials are used to scaffold social interaction in the Future Workshops, as well as to provide common ground for communication between the professionals. Based on findings from the three workshops, the paper will reflect on strengths, weaknesses and potentials of using the Future Workshop approach as a way to engage professionals in anticipating a future flexible energy system. In specific the material design of the workshops and the interactional staging in successive phases will be given particular attention. References Cole, M., & Engeström, Y. (1993). A cultural-historical approach to distributed cognition. In G. Salomon (Ed.), Distributed cognitions: Psychological and educational considerations: Cambridge University Press. Janda, K.B. & Parag, Y. (2013) A middle-out approach for improving energy performance in buildings, Building Research & Information, (41) 1, 39-50, Junk, R., Müllert, N., 1987. Future workshops: How to Create Desirable Futures. London, England, Institute for Social Inventions. Kivimaa, P & Martiskainen, M. (2018). Innovation, low energy buildings and intermediaries in Europe: systematic case study review. Energy Efficiency (11), 31–51. Lauttamäki, V. (2014), Practical guide for facilitating a future workshop, Finland Futures Research Centre, Turku School of Economics, University of Turku, ISBN 978-952-249-297-5 Vygotsky, L. S. (1986). Thought and Language (2nd Revised Edition). Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.

Purpose. The topicality of the research is determined by the urgent need to improve the model of public administration, to implement the administrative and territorial reform on the principles of decentralization. The article aims are to study the current state and main problems of the administrative-territorial system reform, to assess the effectiveness of implementing the reform of local self-government and to develop suggestions on improving the efficiency of the united territorial community's formation and their sustainable development. Design/methodology/approach. The basic principles of the research are historical, systematic and comparative methods, institutional and structural-functional approaches have been used. Findings. The article deals with the analysis of the theoretical basis of decentralization towards changing the administrative territorial structure and carrying out the reform of local self-government. The paper points out the solution of the problems of the administrative territorial reform concerns changing the strategic concept of public administration with an emphasis on building up a decentralized system of local self-government. Formation of administrative territorial units boundaries, their empowering and financial support are compulsory to achieve the effective result of the reform. Conclusions on the problems and prospects of the administrative territorial reform in Ukraine are made according to the results of the local communities rating. Recommendations ensuring the effectiveness of the administrative-territorial reform implementation and the sustainable development of the united territorial communities are submitted. Research limitations/implications.The concept of decentralization as an effective form of administrative territorial reform, the realization of which will ensure the sustainable development of territorial communities, is proposed. The causes, which level the implementation of administrative territorial reform in Ukraine in the late 90's, are substantiated. The analysis of the main legislative acts ensuring the effectiveness of the local self-government reform and the change of the administrative-territorial system is carried out. The positive influence of the adopted regulatory documents on the dynamics of united territorial communities establishment in Ukraine is proved. Originality/value. It is concluded that the implementation of state power decentralization reform in Ukraine will allow to create a new model of public administration focused on the formation of capable territorial communities capable of solving their own problems independently on the basis of the principles of subsidiarity and financial self-sufficiency. ; Актуальность исследования определяется насущной необходимостью усовершенствования модели государственного управления, проведения административно-территориальной реформы на принципах децентрализации. Целью статьи является исследование современного состояния и основных проблем проведения реформы административно-территориального устройства, оценка результатов внедрения реформы местного самоуправления и разработка предложений по повышению эффективности формирования объединенных территориальных общин, их устойчивого развития. Предметом исследования являются практические и теоретические аспекты реализации реформы децентрализации и объединенных территориальных общин. В статье использованы общенаучные и прикладные методы: исторический, математической статистики, системного сравнения, структурно-функциональные подходы к анализу данных.В работе отмечено, что решение проблем проведения административно-территориальной реформы лежит в плоскости изменения стратегической концепции государственного управления с переходом к системе местного самоуправления. По результатам рейтинговой оценки формирования объединенных территориальных общин сделаны выводы относительно проблем и перспектив внедрения реформы в Украине.Научная значимость работы заключается в дополнении понятия децентрализации как эффективной формы проведения административно-территориальной реформы, реализация которой обеспечит устойчивое развитие территориальных общин. Обоснованно причины, которые нивелировали внедрение реформы в Украине в конце 90-х годов. Доказано положительное влияние принятых нормативных документов на динамику создания объединенных территориальных общин в Украине. Даны рекомендации, которые позволят обеспечить эффективность реализации административно-территориальной реформы и устойчивое развитие реформы местного самоуправления. Как вывод отмечено, что внедрение реформы децентрализации государственной власти в Украине позволит создать новую модель государственного управления, ориентированную на формирование территориальных общин, способных самостоятельно решать собственные проблемы на основе принципов субсидиарности и финансовой самодостаточности. ; Актуальність дослідження визначається нагальною потребою удосконалення моделі державного управління, проведення адміністративно-територіальної реформи на принципах децентралізації. Метою статті є дослідження сучасного стану та основних проблем проведення реформи адміністративно-територіального устрою, оцінка результативності впровадження реформи місцевого самоврядування та розробка пропозицій щодо підвищення ефективності формування об'єднаних територіальних громад (ОТГ), їх сталого розвитку. Предметом дослідження є практичні та теоретичні аспекти реалізації реформи децентралізації та об'єднаних територіальних громад. В статті використано загальнонаукові та прикладні методи: історичний, математичної статистики, системного порівняння, структурно-функціональні підходи до аналізу даних. В роботі зауважено, що вирішення проблем проведення адміністративно-територіальної реформи лежить у площині зміни стратегічної концепції державного управління з переходом до системи місцевого самоврядування. За результатами рейтингової оцінки формування об'єднаних територіальних громад зроблено висновки щодо проблем та перспектив впровадження реформи в Україні. Наукова значущість роботи полягає в доповненні поняття децентралізації як ефективної форми проведення адміністративно-територіальної реформи, реалізація якої забезпечить сталий розвиток територіальних громад. Обґрунтовано причини, які нівелювали впровадження реформи в Україні у кінці 90-х років. Доведено позитивний вплив прийнятих нормативних документів на динаміку створення об'єднаних територіальних громад в Україні. Подано рекомендації, що дозволять забезпечити ефективність реалізації адміністративно-територіальної реформи та сталого розвитку реформи місцевого самоврядування. Як висновок зауважено, що впровадження реформи децентралізації державної влади в Україні дозволить створити нову модель державного управління, зорієнтованої на формування спроможних територіальних громад, здатних самостійно вирішувати власні проблеми на основі принципів субсидіарності та фінансової самодостатності.