Suchergebnisse

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaturan tentang penyelesaian tentang konflik norma antara peraturan menteri terhadap undang-undang dan unruk mengetahui bagaimana sifat putusan mahkamah agung dalam hak uji material. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konsep. Pengaturan tentang penyelesaian konflik norma antara Peraturan Menteri Terhadap Undang-Undang, metode penyelesaian konflik norma itu dengan digunakannya asas lex superior derogate lex inferior ini, yang digunakan dengan terjadinya konflik norma antara UU Peraturan Perundang-Undangan dengan Permenkumham Nomor 2 Tahun 2019 terkait pengaturan penyelesaian konflik norma antara peraturan menteri dengan Undang-Undang, maka berdasarkan asas tersebut yang digunakan adalah UU Peraturan Perundang-Undangan, sehingga Permenkumham Nomor 2 Tahun 2019 harus dikesampingkan. Maka, Pengaturan mengenai Penyelesaian Konflik Norma Antara Peraturan Menteri Terhadap Undang-Undang, menjadi kewenangan Mahkamah Agung berdasarkan Pasal 9 UU Peraturan Perundang-Undangan. Dan Sifat Putusan Mahkamah Agung dalam Hak Uji Materiil dalam memberikan putusannya yang pada prinsipnya yang memiliki konsekuensi hukum aturan tersebut apabila terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan bertentangan dengan aturan di atasnya maka aturan tersebut akan menjadi tidak sah serta tidak berlaku, dan menjadi tanggungjawab instansi terkait untuk mencabutnya. The purpose of the study is to find how adjustment of the settlement of norm conflicts between Ministerial Regulations toward the Constitution and to find out how the nature of the Supreme Court decision in the right of judicial review. The method used was normative legal research method with the legislation approach and concept approach. Adjustment on resolving norms of conflict between Ministerial Regulations toward the Constitution, the method of resolving norms conflicts by using the principle of lex superior derogate lex inferior, which was used in the norm conflicts between the Constitution on Laws and Regulations with Minister of Law and Human Rights Regulation Number 2 of 2019 in relation to conflict resolution arrangements the norm between Ministerial Regulations and the Constitution, then based on the principle used was the Constitution on Laws and Regulations, so Minister of Law and Human Rights Regulation Number 2 of 2019 must be set aside. Thus, the adjustment on resolving norms of conflict between Ministerial Regulations toward the Constitution became authority of the Supreme Court based on Article 9 of the Constitution on Laws and Regulations. And the nature of the Supreme Court's Decision in the Right to Judge Material in providing its decision which in principle had legal consequences of the rule if it was proven legally and convincingly contrary to the rules above, the rule would be invalid and not applicable, and it was the responsibility of related agencies to revoke it.

Durch den Anstieg der Bestände fischfressender Vogelarten seit den 1970er Jahren kommt es europaweit zu Konflikten zwischen den Nutzergruppen von Gewässern. In Österreich werden Maßnahmen gegen Kormorane (Phalacrocorax carbo), Graureiher (Ardea cinerea) und Gänsesäger (Mergus merganser) ergriffen. Diese Maßnahmen beziehen sich auf Artikel 9 der Vogelrichtlinie 2009/147/EG, der den Mitgliedsstaaten der EU unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen erlaubt, Ausnahmen von den Schutzbestimmungen der Vögel zu erlassen. Da in Österreich keine bundesweiten Naturschutz-, Jagd- oder Fischereigesetze in Kraft sind, erfolgt die rechtliche Umsetzung von Artikel 9 auf Bundesländerebene. Durch Gespräche mit den zuständigen Behörden und Analyse der betreffenden Gesetzestexte wird die gesetzliche und praktische Handhabung der Thematik auf internationaler (europäischer) und nationaler (österreichischer) Ebene dargestellt. Die Vorgehensweisen der Bundesländer werden einzeln vorgestellt und anschließend verglichen. Trotz der gleichen rechtlichen Grundlage fällt die praktische Umsetzung der Maßnahmen zur Vertreibung der Vogelarten in den Ländern unterschiedlich aus. In Oberösterreich und Kärnten werden Kormorane und Graureiher im Gegensatz zu den restlichen Bundesländern in verschiedenen Gesetzen behandelt. Bei den Entscheidungsträgern der Maßnahmen lässt sich ein Ost-West-Trend erkennen: Im Westen wird eher auf Bezirksebene, im Osten auf Länderebene entschieden. Die Umsetzung von Maßnahmen erfolgt mittels Bescheid, Verordnung oder direkter Gesetzgebung und wird in Österreich unterschiedlich angewandt. Auch die Vorgaben zur Limitierung von Abschusskontingenten, die Schusszeiten und die Vorgangsweisen bei der Erfassung von Bestandszahlen werden unterschiedlich gehandhabt. Grundsätzlich besteht ein beträchtliches Potenzial in der Förderung der Kommunikation und des Datenaustauschs zwischen den zuständigen Behörden und einer Veröffentlichung der gewonnenen Informationen. ; Due to increased numbers of fish-eating birds since the 1970s, conflicts between user groups of aquatic ecosystems are rising throughout Europe. In Austria, various derogation measures are in place to control the presence as well as total numbers of cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo), grey herons (Ardea cinerea) and common mergansers (Mergus merganser). These measures are based on Article 9 of the Birds Directive 2009/147/EG, which, under certain circumstances, allows EU member states to make exceptions to the general bird protection schemes. As there are no national laws concerning nature conservation, hunting and fishing in Austria, Article 9 is implemented in the legislation of the Austrian provinces. Based on interviews with the authorities in charge and analyses of the laws in question, the legal basis and practical implementation of the issue are presented for the international (European) and national (Austrian) level. The Austrian provinces are introduced individually and compared subsequently. Despite the common legal basis, the practical implementation of measures to control bird populations varies in the different provinces. In contrast to the rest of Austria, Upper Austria und Carinthia handle cormorants and gray herons in separate laws. In terms of decision-making, Austria is roughly split into east and west: In the west, decisions are mostly made on the district level but on the province level in the east. The implementation of measures is handled differently throughout Austria and is accomplished through notifications, regulations or direct legislation. Similarly, culling quotas, hunting times and procedures for counting the birds are different, depending on the province involved. Generally, there is a great potential for communication and data exchange between the authorities in charge and for the publication of information. ; eingereicht von: Julia Coll ; Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache ; Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Masterarbeit, 2016 ; (VLID)1935672

Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit dem translationsbezogenen Transfer geschlechtergerechter Sprachpolitik in der Südtiroler und Schweizer Gesetzgebung auf Deutsch und Italienisch. Anhand eines polysystemischen Ansatzes wurde untersucht, welche Transferstrategien bei der Wiedergabe von geschlechtergerechten bzw. -neutralen Formulierungen in den italienischen Fassungen der Gesetzestexte Südtirols und der Schweiz vorkommen und ob es dabei durch differenzierte Strategien auch interferenzbedingte Diskrepanzen entstehen, die zur Bildung zwei unterschiedlicher Repertoires führen. Die Überprüfung erfolgte durch eine vergleichende quantitativ-qualitative korpusgestützte Analyse zweier Parallelkorpora, die jeweils aus den im Zeitraum 2008-2014 in Kraft getretenen Südtiroler Landes- sowie Schweizer Bundesgesetzen auf Deutsch und Italienisch bestehen. Es wurde davon ausgegangen, dass in beiden Subkorpora auf Deutsch geschlechtergerechte Formulierungen häufiger auftreten. Dabei sollte überprüft werden, inwieweit das Italienische in beiden Subkorpora in puncto geschlechtergerechtes Formulierens sich unterscheidet, und zwar anhand von Analyse und Vergleich auf inter- und intralinguistischer sowie diatopischer Ebene. Als Grundlage dafür diente das Polysystem mehrsprachige Rechtskommunikation und Geschlechterpolitik am Beispiel des Deutschen und Italienischen in Südtirol und der Schweiz. Durch die Analyse konnte aufgezeigt werden, ob und inwieweit Interferenzen durch Transfer entstehen, wo diese zu beobachten sind sowie welche sprachliche und soziale Dominanzen vorkommen. Die Untersuchung zeigte, dass das Deutsche nur im Repertoire des Südtiroler Italienischen eine dominante Stellung aufweist, was jedoch zur Beseitigung der sozialen Dominanz des generischen Maskulinums im Teilsystem der italienischen Rechtssprache in Südtirol führte. Das neue Repertoire verlegt das Schweizer Italienische mit seinen durch Richtlinien institutionalisierten Optionen in eine periphere Position. ; This MA thesis seeks to analyse the translational transfer of the gender language policy con-tained in the South Tyrolean and Swiss legislations in German and Italian. The aim was to analyse the transfer strategies used in reporting gender inclusive or neutral language in the Italian version of the South Tyrolean and Swiss laws through the use of a polysystemic ap-proach, and to assess whether different transfer strategies may have caused any interference-related discrepancy leading to the formation of two different repertoires. This assessment was conducted through a comparative quantitative-qualitative corpus-driven analysis based on two parallel corpora, formed respectively by the South Tyrolean laws enforced from 2008 to 2014 in German and Italian, and by the Swiss federal laws in these same languages. As a result of the assessment, gender inclusive language was observed to be more frequently used in both German-language subcorpora. The assessment was then centred on comparing the use of gen-der inclusive language in the Italian subcorpora adopting an interlinguistic, intralinguistic and diatopic approach. The polysystem of multilingual legal communication and gender policy was taken as the context of comparison for German and Italian in South Tyrol and Switzerland. The analysis allowed to clarify whether, where, and to what extent transfer-related interfer-ences occur, and which dominant positions could be identified. The analysis showed that the German language has exerted a dominant position causing changes only in the South Tyrolean Italian repertoire by eliminating the socially dominant position of the generic masculine in the Italian legal language system in South Tyrol. This new repertoire rules out the Swiss Italian options institutionalised in guidelines and places them in a peripheral position. ; vorgelegt von Alessandro Scafariello ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers ; Zsfassungen in dt. und engl. Sprache ; Graz, Univ., Masterarb., 2015 ; (VLID)780587

This study makes an inventory of several aspects of the representation and assistance in tax matters. The study is divided into two parts: the first part (part A) is about the social position of the providers of representation and assistance in tax matters in the Netherlands; the second part (part B) contains the legal analyses. In this summary I only write down some of my main conclusions. The Dutch autorities provide insufficient financial means for those who cannot afford, but are still depending on the assistance by tax consultants. This concerns mainly the group of people who have had no or very little education. There is hardly paid any attention to the representation and assistance in tax matters in the Dutch tax laws themselves. For a good understanding of the matter one should look into various laws, in particular into the Dutch Civil Code. Futhermore there is a lot of – sometimes not so clear - caselaw. We need a clarification of the relation between the rules in the tax laws and those in the Civil Code. Also should there be a more consistant use of terminology. Futhermore the – currently different - regulations regarding representation in the relation with the serveral tax autorities and in court, should be adapted to one and other. In the Netherlands there is in general no obligation for tax payers to be represented by tax lawyers. In my opinion there is no reason to chance this. An obligation to be represented for example in court, would be a barrier to the access of the judge, mainly because of the (high) costs of it. In case of a workoverload of the Dutch supreme court ('Hoge Raad'), such could however be an exemption which justifies obligated legal representation. The main reason why there no possibility of government contibution in case of assistance by tax experts, such as tax consultants, is the lack of a statutory regulation of the profession of the tax consultant. The introduction of a statutory regulation, can however also have disadvantages, such as government intervention. That is why I do not want a statutory regulation of the profession of tax consultant as such, but rather the recognition by law of the current organisations of tax consultants. In the Netherlands tax consultants do not have the privilege of non-disclosure. In my opinion there is no good reason to refuse them this privelege, when the profession of tax consultant is legally recognized by means of the recognition by law of the current organisations of tax consultants. An exeption should be made for the situation of tax fraud. For this exeption could be linked to the recent legislation of the reporting of unusual transactions ('Wet melding ongebruikelijke transacties').

• Warrants for the arrest of eight Portland physicians for failing to report cases have been issued under order of Sommer and sworn to by Dr. Abele, City Health Officer; the names of the physicians are listed• The physicians will be prosecuted under Section 24, Chapter 268 of the Oregon laws which "make is[sic?] compulsory for any physician or other person practicing the art or science of healing, to report to the county health officers in writing or upon the prepared blank, the name and address of patient, the nature of the disease, and such additional information as may be required by the state board of health;" the situation was noticed because of the reported signing of death certificates for persons whose illness had not been reported• The Portland Ad Club adopted a resolution supporting a rigid quarantine and the prohibiting of all public gatherings for 30 days if the quarantine is ineffective after 10 days; Sommer responded by outlining what is currently being done, what will be done if necessary, and by providing figures showing a decrease in recent cases ; Newspaper article ; 1, 2

The basic tendencies within legal regulation of labour inspection activity have been revealed and denominated in given scientific article. The proposals essentially improving labor legislation in this part have been introduced to. ; У представленій науковій статті виявлено та окреслено основні напрямки правового регулювання діяльності інспекції праці, внесено пропозиції з суттєвого реформування трудового законодавства України у цій частині.

Kolisnyk A. Legal status, competence of fiscal and intelligence bodies in the sector of economic security of the state. The challenges of the modern world force states to demonstrate a consistency and a clear policy of protecting their own economic sector from both internally and externally threats, endowing various domestic institutions with appropriate powers. Currently, the Ukrainian legislator has not developed a single systematic approach of understanding which government agencies belong to the system of entities, which are responsible for the economic security ensuring of our state. As a result, empowered with separate powers of forecasting, detection and elimination of economic threats intelligence and fiscal authorities of Ukraine are not considered as the key components of the system. The article examines the current legislation of Ukraine concerning the legal status and competence of certain intelligence and fiscal bodies of Ukraine in the economic security sector in terms of the role of their powers concerning the domestic economic security environment shaping; analyzes the provisions of domestic legal acts concerning normative fixing of the concept of «economic security». Considering the limited access to the secondary legislation acts, which regulate the individual intelligence agencies organization and functioning, as well as to scientific papers on this issue, the author provides a general definition of the «competence of intelligence agencies in the field of economic security». Also, the article emphasizes the need to rethink the role and status of intelligence and fiscal authorities of Ukraine not only as the actors of ensuring the domestic economic security environment, but also as actors of national security sector formation in general. The article states the fact of the legislator dualism concerning the approach of empowering certain bodies in the sphere of the economic security formation of the state and determining the responsible institutions for a long-term economic security provision. The author bodies belong to the «fiscal bodies»and competence considering their importance for ensuring the economic security environment of Ukraine. It is proved that the optimization of the guaranteeing mechanism of the economic security of the state is ineffective without improving the legal regulation of the intelligence and fiscal authorities activities. determined which central executive category, described their legal status ; Виклики сучасного світу змушують держави демонструвати послідовність та чітку політику захисту власного економічного сектору від загроз як усередині, так іззовні, наділяючи різні вітчизняніінститути відповідними повноваженнями. Наразі український законодавець не виробив єдиного системного підходу щодо розуміння того,які державні органи складають систему суб'єктів, на яких лежить відповідальність за гарантування економічної безпеки нашої держави, внаслідок чого розвідувальні та фіскальні органи України хоча й наділені окремими повноваженнями щодо прогнозування, виявлення та ліквідації економічних загроз, однак не розглядаються як одні із ключових складників системи. У статті досліджено норми чинного законодавства України стосовно питання визначення правового статусу та компетенції окремих розвідувальних та фіскальних органів України в секторі економічної безпеки держави з точки зору ролі їхніх повноважень у формуванні вітчизняного економічного безпекового середовища; проаналізовано положення вітчизняних правових актів стосовно нормативного закріплення поняття «економічна безпека». Зважаючи на дещо обмежений доступ до підзаконних актів, що деталізують питання організації та функціонування діяльності окремих розвідувальних органів, а також до наукових праць, присвячених даному питанню, автором надано загальне визначення компетенції розвіду вальних органів у сфері економічної безпеки держави. Також у статті підкреслено необхідність переосмис лення ролі та статусу розвідуваль них та фіскальних органів України не тільки як суб'єктів забезпечення вітчизняного економічного безпекового середовища, а і як суб'єктів формування сектору національної безпеки загалом. Констатовано дуалізм законодавця в підході щодо наділення повноваженнями окремих органів стосовно формування економічної безпеки держави та визначення відповідальних за її забезпечення інституцій у довгостроковій перспективі. Визначено, які центральні органи виконавчої влади актуально відносити до категорії «фіскальні органи», досліджено їхній правовий статут, а також на підставі норм чинного законодавства дана характеристика компетенції кожного органу з точки зору їх значення для гарантування економічного безпекового середовища України. Доведено, що оптимізація механізму гарантування економічної безпеки держави є неефективною без удосконаленням правового регламентування діяльності органів розвідки та фіскальних органів.

"As Allan Ryan convincingly demonstrates, the trial was a travesty of justice in which the rules of evidence were flouted, the defendant was denied due process, and normal courtroom procedures were ignored in the rush to convict him. Ryan does this by a careful examination and analysis of the trial record and other basic sources."-Army "An impressive contribution to the literature of military justice and command. . . . His final chapter on the law of war and command accountability is an especially brilliant discussion of legal and moral responsibility."-Journal of Interdisciplinary History "Ryan's book is a tour de force. Using his personal experience as a U.S. Department of Justice war crimes prosecutor and scholar with a deep knowledge of and appreciation for military law, Ryan takes the reader on what amounts to a graduate level seminar worth of insights and understanding."-Journal of Military History "Impressive and important. . . . A brilliant book."-History News Network "Ryan's portrayal has the pace and energy of a true-crime drama, which keeps one turning the page even though we know how the story ends."-Law and Politics Book Review.

Artikel ini disusun dengan tujuan untuk mengkaji keabsahan perjanjian jual-beli yang dilakukan secara online menurut ketentuan hukum di Indonesia dan perlindungan hukum yang dimiliki oleh pelaku usaha apabila terjadi tindakan wanprestasi oleh konsumen dalam kegiatan transaksi elektronik berbasis online Karya ilmiah ini disusun berdasar pada metode penelitian hukum normatif, yaitu suatu cara/metode yang melaksanakan penelitian hukum menggunakan norma-norma hukum sebagai objek penelitiannya. Materi yang digunakan dalam penulisan karya ilmiah ini dihimpun dari bahan hukum primer seperti peraturan perundang-undangan dan bahan hukum sekunder seperti buku, karya ilmiah, hasil penelitian, dll. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu pengaturan mengenai keabsahan suatu perjanjian jual-beli online terdapat pada Pasal 46 ayat (2) Peraturan Pemerintah No. 71 Tahun 2019 tentang Penyelenggaraan Sistem dan Transaksi Elektronik jo Pasal 1320 KUH Perdata yang menyebutkan terdapat 4 prasyarat untuk suatu kontrak/perjanjian dapat dikatakan sah, yaitu adanya kesepakatan, kecakapan para pihak, adanya suatu objek tertentu, dan causa yang halal. Apabila dalam pelaksanaan perjanjian konsumen tidak beritikad baik dengan melakukan tindakan wanprestasi, maka pelaku usaha berhak mendapatkan perlindungan hukum sesuai dengan ketentuan Pasal 6 UU No.8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. This article was prepared with the aim of reviewing the validity of online transaction agreements according to legal provisions in Indonesia and legal protection owned by business actors in the event of default by consumers in online-based electronic transactions. This scientific work was prepared based on legal research methods. normative, namely a method of carrying out legal research using legal norms as the object of research. The data used in writing scientific papers is obtained from primary legal materials such as legislation and secondary legal materials such as books, scientific papers, research results, etc. The result of this research is that the regulation regarding the validity of an online transaction agreement is contained in Article 46 paragraph (2) Government regulations Number 71 of 2019 concerning the Implementation of Electronic Systems and Transactions in conjunction with Article 1320 of the Civil Code which states that there are 4 prerequisites for a contract / agreement that can be said to be valid, namely the existence of an agreement, the ability of the parties, the existence of a certain object, and a lawful cause. If the implementation of the consumer agreement does not have good intentions by committing acts of default, the business actor has the right to legal protection in accordance with the provisions of Article 6 of Law No.8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection.

The author has studied the features of educational service as an object of civil rights. It has been noted that social benefits should not be understood as the object of civil rights, as some researchers insist on, the object of civil rights must be perceived as a legal behavior of the participants in legal relations. The main argument in favor of such a conclusion is the indication that the right as a regulator of public relations can affect only the volitional conduct of the participants, but not directly the benefits. The benefits are not capable of perceiving the legal requirements of legislative acts or contracts. Consequently, the educational service should be regarded as the legal behavior of the provider of this service, aimed at forming certain social qualities of the subject of educational influence. Behavior of educational services' providers is a series of interrelated and purposeful acts of conduct (operation), and when such operational actions are carried out over a long period of time, they become the nature of activity. The legal form of providing educational services is a contractual obligation. The object of such binding legal relations is the requirement of the customer of the educational service in relation to the execution of the relevant subject actions by the provider and the subsequent positive reaction of the latter to the fulfillment of his duty. The object of the considered legal relations and the object of the subjective right of the customer of the educational service, according to the author of the article, coincide in their volume. It has been emphasized that the providers of educational services cannot have civil and legal obligation to guarantee the effectiveness of training, since the achievement of such an effect depends on the intellectual capacity of the subject of training and other factors. The eligibility criteria for the performance of educational services are regulatory requirements that determine the content of a particular level of education, the volume and sequence of teaching disciplines, etc. Based on this, one of the features of educational services is the implementation of public control over the compliance of the substantive conduct of the providers of such services with the requirements of the law. ; Розглянуто особливості освітньої послуги як об'єкта цивільних прав. Зазначено, що власне освітньою послугою слід розцінювати правову поведінку виконавця цієї послуги, спрямовану на формування певних соціальних якостей у суб'єкта навчально-виховного впливу.

El presente trabajo de investigación titulado El Control Político y el Estado Constitucional de Derecho en los Gobiernos Regionales de Lambayeque- La Libertad 2020, tuvo como objetivo determinar la incidencia del Control Político en el Estado Constitucional de Derecho en los Gobiernos Regionales de Lambayeque y La Libertad 2020. Desde un enfoque cuantitativo y teniendo como guía el diseño correlacional – causal o explicativa; se trabajó con una muestra intencional conformado por 50 personas entrevistadas conformadas por Gobernadores Regionales, Consejeros Regionales, Asesores Legales y funcionarios públicos que trabajan en los gobiernos regionales, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario validado mediante juicio de expertos, con el que se evaluó la variable Control Político en sus dimensiones Garantía Parlamentaria y Sanción Parlamentaria, así como la variable independiente de Estado Constitucional de Derecho con sus dimensiones Democracia, Separación de funciones y Descentralizada del Estado Constitucional de Derecho. El resultado de esta investigación y la prueba de hipótesis permiten comprobar que si existe una correlación altamente significativa entre el Estado Constitucional de Derecho y el Control Político como lo demuestran los resultados obtenidos a través de la prueba de Rho de Spearman (0.745; p<0.01).

"This edited volume explores political motives, discourses and agendas in Japanese manga and graphic art with the objective of highlighting the agency of Japanese and wider Asian story-telling traditions within the context of global political traditions. Highly illustrated chapters presented here investigate the multifaceted relationship between Japan's political storytelling practices, media and bureaucratic discourse, as played out between both the visual arts and modern pop-cultural authors. From pioneering cartoonist Tezuka Osamu, contemporary manga artists such as Kotobuki Shiriagari and Fumiyo Kōno, to videogames and everyday merchandise, a wealth of source material is analysed using cross-genre techniques. Furthermore, the book resists claims that manga, unlike the bandes dessinées and American superhero comic traditions, is apolitical. On the contrary, contributors demonstrate that manga and the mediality of graphic arts have begun to actively incorporate political discourses, undermining hegemonic cultural constructs that support either the status quo, or emerging brands of neonationalism in Japanese society. The Representation of Politics in Manga will be a dynamic resource for students and scholars of Japanese studies, media and popular cultural studies, as well as practitioners in the graphic arts"--

Проанализированы взгляды украинских ученых на проблему возникновения отечественного конституционализма, который, как политико-правовое явление, они связывают с созданием Украинского государства в результате национально-освободительной войны под предводительством Б. Хмельницкого в середине ХVІІ в., и принятием Конституции П. Орлика 1710 г. Процесс формирования современного отечественного конституционализма начался после принятия Конституции Украины 1996 г. и продолжается в настоящее время ; Problem Setting. The article analyzes the views of Ukrainian scientists on the issue of origin of the national constitutionalism. Research of the history of origin, formation and development of the national constitutionalism is a new area of the historical and legal science, which was launched in the post-Soviet period. Given the complexity of the subject of the research and relatively short time of its study, the national historical-legal science and the science of constitutional law have not formed a unified approach to the time of origin of the Ukrainian constitutionalism in general and the modern national constitutionalism in particular yet. The actuality of the topic. After Ukraine was proclaimed independent in 1991, the issue of the history of origin of the national constitutionalism has been referred by specialists in the history of state and law and constitutional law Yu. H. Barabash, S. P. Holovatyi, V. D. Honcharenko, V. S. Zhuravskyi, V. M. Yermolaiev, V. P. Kolisnyk, V. V. Kravchenko, A. P. Krysian, O. M. Myronenko, A. Y. Rogozhin, I. Ye. Slovska, V. Ya. Tatsiy, Yu. M. Todyka, S. V. Shevchuk, M. V. Tsvik and others. The researchers follow two basic views on the timing and events that led to the origin of the national constitutionalism as a political and legal phenomena: 1) formation of the Ukrainian state as a result of the national liberation war led by Bohdan Khmelnytskyi in the middle of the XVII century; 2) development and adoption of the Constitution of P. Orlyk of 1710. The purpose of the article. The researchers mostly associate the events that led to origin of the modern national constitutionalism, as a legal and actual phenomena, with adoption of the Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine in 1990, Declaration of Independence of Ukraine in 1991 and adoption of the Constitution of Ukraine in 1996. But the vast majority of experts in constitutional law of Ukraine insist on the fact that adoption of the Constitution of Ukraine in 1996 only marked the beginning of the process of formation of the modern national constitutionalism. It is necessary to consider the revolutionary events of late 2013 early 2014, which showed the need for a constitutional reform to introduce European standards of human rights protection and decentralization of power, to be an important argument in favour of the fact that formation of the modern national constitutionalism began with the adoption of the Constitution of Ukraine in 1996 and continues to this day

С теоретико-прикладных позиций автор рассматривает актуальные вопросы обеспечения качества муниципального правотворчества в современной России. Отмечаются латентные проблемы количественного роста муниципальных правовых актов и их упорядоченности с учетом активной нормотворческой деятельности органов местного самоуправления. Приводятся статистические показатели, характеризующие динамику прироста муниципальных правовых актов в сравнительном численном соотношении с органами их издавшими. Формулируется авторское видение обеспечения мер качества муниципального нормотворчества, которое достигается через инструменты оценки регулирующего воздействия, антикоррупционной экспертизы, мониторинга правоприменения нормативных правовых актов муниципального уровня. Авторские положения иллюстрируются примерами из правоприменительной и судебной практики. Используются оригинальные методологические приемы обоснования высказываемых гипотез с позиции законов диалектики. Аргументируются предлагаемые первостепенные меры, направленные на оптимизацию муниципального правотворчества и обеспечение его качественного развития. ; Topical issues of ensuring the quality of municipal law-making in today's Russia are considered by the author from theoretical and applied standpoints. Latent problems of proliferation of municipal legal acts and their orderliness considering vigorous rule-making activities of local governments are noted. Statistical data for the dynamics of the increase in number of municipal legal acts in comparison with the number of bodies which issued the acts are given. The author's vision of arrangements necessary for ensuring the quality of municipal rule-making achieved with the help of tools for the assessment of the regulating impact, anti-corruption examination, monitoring of law enforcement of municipal level normative legal acts is set out. The author's propositions are illustrated by examples taken from law enforcement and court practice. Original methodological techniques based on the laws of dialectics are used for the justification of the hypotheses put forward. Top priority measures proposed by the author and directed at the optimisation of municipal lawmaking and ensuring its high-quality development are argued for.

Purpose: to develop theoretical and legal basis and analyze regulatory framework of restrictions of rights of people sentenced to imprisonment. Methods: structured system, comparative legal, special juridical and logical-normative methods were methodological foundation of the study. Results: there have been defined features of restrictions of rights of people sentenced to imprisonment on the basis of which the definition of the restriction is given; the legal and regulatory framework for restricting the rights of prisoners is systematized. There is defined the absence of clear system and continuity in restrictive norms in the scheme of "international legal norms – constitutional norms – norms of special criminal executive legislation". The paper makes the case for establishing restrictions of rights of people sentenced to imprisonment exclusively by law. The rational criteria for the classification of restrictions of rights are determined, as well as the characteristics of restrictions of rights of convicts are formulated. Discussion: the defined definition, essential features of restriction of rights of people sentenced to imprisonment, the systematization of normative legal sources regulating such restrictions, as well as the classification of the types of rights restrictions of the specified category of people are proposed to be used as theoretical basis for further scientific research of the issues of securing rights and freedoms of people sentenced to imprisonment. ; Цель: разработка теоретико-правовых основ и анализ состояния нормативной регламентации правоограничений лиц, осужденных к лишению свободы. Методы: методологическую основу исследования составили системно-структурный, сравнительно-правовой, специально-юридический и логико-нормативный методы. Результаты: определяются признаки правоограничения лиц, осужденных к лишению свободы, основываясь на которых формулируется понятие такого правоограничения; систематизируется нормативно-правовое обеспечение ограничений заключенных. Устанавливается отсутствие ...