Suchergebnisse

AbstractOur aim was to investigate if structural and relational characteristics of sibling relationships moderated the association between known injury risk factors and child injuries. Prior to the pandemic, 80 Canadian parents of two school‐aged biological siblings completed standardized questionnaires concerning child risk‐taking behaviours and injury frequency; they also reported on sibling caregiving. Children reported on sibling warmth. Wider age spacing amplified injury risk for younger siblings who engaged in more risk‐taking, while warmer sibling relationships lessened injury risk for younger siblings cared for by older siblings. The importance of incorporating sibling characteristics into family‐centred injury prevention programs was discussed.

Abstract
We examine how workers' expectations about pension reform vary with proximity to reforms, information availability and worker characteristics. Using newly collected data, we find that (1) expectations about reform are revised upward by about 10 percentage points in the year prior to a reform, from a median of 50%, regardless of whether the reform is announced; (2) expectations increase more the stronger the media activity about imminent reforms; (3) the effect of information on expectations varies systematically with characteristics that proxy cognitive ability and information value; (4) expectations do not converge as a result of reform announcements or implementations.

The authors introduced and addressed several new subclasses of the family of meromorphically multivalent -star-like functions in the punctured unit disk in this study, which makes use of several higher order -derivatives. Many fascinating properties and characteristics are extracted systematically for each of these newly identified function classes. Distortion theorems and radius problems are among these characteristics and functions. A number of coefficient inequalities for functions belonging to the subclasses are studied, and discussed, as well as a suitable condition for them is set. The numerous results are presented in this study and the previous works on this subject are also connected together in this study.

This paper demonstrates how policy-specific characteristics affect inter-municipal cooperation. We investigate if a municipality's cooperation activity in a policy area hinges on whether the policy is considered relevant or politicized by local officials. Using data from two surveys of Swiss local administrators and officials conducted in 2017 that include detailed questions on public service provision, we find that the perceived relevance of a policy for a municipality is associated with more inter-municipal cooperation whereas perceived politicization goes along with less inter-municipal cooperation. These results suggest that policy-specific characteristics play a crucial role for understanding inter-municipal cooperation.

Mit einem neuartigen gitterfreien Simulationsansatz und kombinierter In-Prozess-Sensorik wurde ein rechenzeitoptimiertes SPH-Simulationsmodell entwickelt, welches die Strömungscharakteristika beim Einsatz von Kühlschmierstoff beim Ejektortiefbohren abbildet. Zur Validierung der simulativen Arbeiten wurden Hochgeschwindigkeitsaufnahmen der KSS-Strömung in einem Ejektorsonderwerkzeug aus Acrylglas angefertigt und die Strömungscharakteristika mittels Particle Image Velocimetry ausgewertet.

With the aid of a novel mesh-free simulation approach combined with in-process sensor technology, a computationally optimized SPH simulation model was developed that simulates the cooling lubricant flow characteristics during ejector deep hole drilling. To validate the simulative work, high-speed images of the coolant flow in a special ejector tool made of acrylic glass were taken and the flow characteristics were evaluated using particle image velocimetry.

AbstractThe aim of this survey is to present the Greek social housing model as a part of the southern European model through an Athenian case-study. Several characteristics of the Greek housing model are unique, and the analysis of the Athenian case provides an example that emphasizes those characteristics. Moreover, this survey intends to contribute to filling the gap in the relevant urban history and geography bibliography and, more specifically, to describe the Greek social housing model and the role of the city of Athens in the planning and distribution of social housing. This survey is based mainly on secondary data (literature review) but also on primary sources.

The paper examines the recently recognized form of entrepreneurship – lifestyle entrepreneurship – in the specific context of (post)transitional society. The key question is: are there any specific characteristics of lifestyle entrepreneurship and lifestyle entrepreneurs (e.g. personal characteristics, business traits, motivation, business plans and strategies, etc.) due to the specific economic and social settings. The exploratory study covers six lifestyle entrepreneurs. Data were collected in in-depth interviews. Results proven that (post)transitional lifestyle entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs are specific, especially regarding their motivation and work-private life balance. (Post)transitional lifestyle entrepreneurship includes basic features of profit-orientated entrepreneurship as an element of survival strategy.

The Group Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (GAPIM) conceptualizes group composition as a relational construct and provides methods for estimating the effects of compositional characteristics on outcomes of interest. This paper extends the GAPIM to a multilevel structural equation model framework, which expands the range of research questions the GAPIM might address, including those based on input-process-outcome models. Simulations, based on group size, number of groups, effect size, and compositional skewness, provide guidance for designing studies to maximize power to detect compositional effects. Discussion addresses composition in general, especially how "deep" characteristics become manifest and meaningful during interaction.

Abstract
Argentina and the United States were the principal destinations for Italian immigrants during the Age of Mass Migration. I assemble data following Italians from passenger lists to censuses in Argentina and the United States, enabling me to compare the economic outcomes of migrants with similar pre-migration characteristics but who moved to different countries. Italians assimilated faster in Argentina, and this advantage was unlikely to be due to selection. A higher human capital relative to natives and the Italian-Spanish similarity largely explain Italians' advantage in Argentina. These findings highlight the importance of the fit between migrants' characteristics and those of the receiving country.

Military assessment seeks to answer two primary questions: "are we creating the effects that we desire?" and "are we accomplishing tasks to standard?" This thesis steps through several desirable characteristics for a simulated combat assessment methodology. After developing a value hierarchy from these characteristics, this thesis provides and evaluates several candidate methodologies for use within a combat simulation. Each alternative's evaluation is informed by its application to a small combat simulation. Upon recommending the use of Linear Programming, we utilize value-focused thinking to modify this alternative. The thesis terminates with some conclusory thoughts and ideas for future research.

We study the complexity of rules by paying experimental subjects to implement a series of algorithms and then eliciting their willingness-to-pay to avoid implementing them again in the future. The design allows us to examine hypotheses from the theoretical "automata" literature about the characteristics of rules that generate complexity costs. We find substantial aversion to complexity and a number of regularities in the characteristics of rules that make them complex and costly for subjects. Experience with a rule, the way a rule is represented, and the context in which a rule is implemented (mentally versus physically) also influence complexity. (JEL C73, D11, D12, D83, D91)

The current study evaluates differences between inmates and normative young male adults based on the Pathways to Crime model. Research findings support the model's assumptions, showing that inmate characteristics are consistent with the Life-Course Persistent (LCP) pathway, while the characteristics of the non-inmates are mostly consistent with the abstainers' pathway. This investigation makes a theoretical contribution, demonstrating the model's suitability for distinguishing between crime pathways among emerging adults. Also, emphasis is placed on emerging adulthood as an intermediate period on the path to adulthood, which can affect the evolution of crime pathways among at-risk populations.

AbstractWe investigate the determinants of the racial/ethnic gap in financial literacy in the general population and within income classes, with a focus on childhood family circumstances and neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics. Our model explains 48% and 57% of the observed gap for Blacks and Hispanics, respectively. For both groups, differences in individual characteristics and neighborhood socioeconomic status contribute the most to the explained gap. The White–Minority gap narrows when moving from low‐ to high‐income classes, but the ability of the model to explain it decreases monotonically. Identifying which additional barriers put minorities at a disadvantage is key to improve financial literacy.

A latent class model is applied to allow entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) to influence the effect of entrepreneurial activity on growth in European Union regions. Using this methodology, clusters of regions that differ significantly in their relationship between entrepreneurial activity and growth are identified. This is consistent with the hypothesis that EEs affect this relationship. Subsequently, cluster membership is related to regional characteristics representing a range of components of EEs and marked differences in a variety of these regional characteristics are found. Taken together, the results support the notion that EEs help shape the impact of entrepreneurial activity on growth.

This research is aimed to examine the impact of local governmental characteristics and audit opinion on the timeliness of local governmental financial statement. The characteristics of local governmental will be measured by using the size of the area, regional wealth (PAD), status and governmental spending. All of the samples are 453 City across Indonesia that has profile report as regulated by BPK database. The results showed the size of local governmental had positive effect totimeliness but the governmental revenue had negative effect. The others variables, governmental status, governmental spending and audit opinion, had no significant effect to timeliness