Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Abstract -- Seven Constituting Features -- Diversity -- Reflexivity -- Traditions -- Europe -- Discipline -- Reconstruction -- Hegemony -- Delimitations -- Structure -- References -- Chapter 2 Diversity -- Abstract -- Mapping and Promoting Diversity -- Europeans Catching the Train of IR Global Self-Reappraisal Movement -- References -- Chapter 3 Reflexivity -- Abstract -- Performativity and Scholars' Responsibility: Historical and Practice Turns in IR -- Implicit Narratives, Eurocentrism and Ethnocentrism -- References -- Chapter 4 Traditions -- Abstract -- Distinctively European -- The Revival of International Intellectual History (in IR) -- Explaining Continuities and Changes -- References -- Chapter 5 Europe -- Abstract -- References -- Chapter 6 Discipline -- Abstract -- References -- Chapter 7 Reconstruction -- Abstract -- The Surprising Narrative of IR as an American Discipline -- Against "Historical Forgetting" in IR-Towards a Contextualization of Traditions -- How to Reconstruct IR Traditions: Introducing Figures in Context -- Lebow's Identity and IR Theory-Thesis and William's IR Enlightenment Movement -- References -- Chapter 8 Hegemony -- Abstract -- Institutional Versus. Intellectual Hegemony -- US Hegemony? -- References -- Chapter 9 Conclusions -- Abstract -- References -- Index

AbstractPatent has a prominent place in people's lives, as it constitutes a basic engine of progress, and becomes measure of the progress and richness of nations. Countries that possess a huge percentage of patents occupy high positions among other countries and have political influence against other countries. Therefore, the countries of the world have agreed to conduct agreements to protect it, on top of which is the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). When the State of Indonesia agreed to sign this agreement, it had to provide legal cover in the field of patent through Law number 13 of 2016. After careful study of this law and Islamic jurisprudence, including its principles, and its purposes, the research sees that the Indonesian Law and Islamic Jurisprudence agree that patent is considered as wealth and property. So, they agree on the necessity of patent protection, and imposing the punishment for the aggressor. They also agree on the patent exploitation, whether it is personal exploitation or through a license contract. However, Islamic jurisprudence has established controls for the exploitation of innocence, the most important of which is that exploitation does not harm others. ملخص البحثالتشريع القانوني وضمان المنتجات الحلال للمستهلكين المسلمين من أهم أمر أساسي. وذلك أن من واجبات المسلم أن لا يقتصرالاهتمام باستهلاك المنتجات الخالية من المخاطر الكيميائية والمواد الضارة بالصحة، بالإضافة إلى ذلك فلابد أيضا أن يهتم بحلال المنتجات من ناحية ماهيتها ومعالجتها وفقا للتشريع الإسلامي. وكذلك يجب أن تكون منتجات الملابس مطهرة وليست مصنوعة من أشياء نجسة، لأنها تفسد العبادة والصحة النفسية. دستور الدولة والقوانين واللوائح التي نتص على ضمان منتجات الحلال هي دليل على التزام الحكومة بالتواجد في توفير الحماية للمسلمين هم أعظم المستهلكين في إندونيسيا. أصبح القانون رقم 33 سنة 2014 بشأن ضمان المنتج الحلال والذي دخل حيز التنفيذ في 17 أكتوبر 2019، هو نقطة البداية أن الدولة توفر ضمانات وحمايات لمواطنيها للحصول على الغذاء والأدوية والمواد المستهلكة وفقًا لإرشادات الإيمان. ومع ذلك، فإن تنفيذ القانون وتطبيقه لا يزال يحتوي على استثنائية السلطة التقديرية (حرية التصرف) بشأن رسومات الكلفة حيث أصبحت عملية تفتيش الحلال تحت رعاية سلطة منظمة تحليل الغذاء والأدوية مستحضرات التجميل عضو مجلس العلماء الإندونيسي حتى صدور قرار وزير المالية بشأن رسومات كلفة خدمة شهادة الحلال. ولا تزال هذه استثنائية السلطة التقديرية (حرية التصرف) تؤثر بشكل أو بآخر على برنامج إلزام شهادة الحلال لكل منتجات يتم تسويقها في إندونيسيا من خلال إلصاق علامة/ختم الحلال.

AbstractPatent has a prominent place in people's lives, as it constitutes a basic engine of progress, and becomes measure of the progress and richness of nations. Countries that possess a huge percentage of patents occupy high positions among other countries and have political influence against other countries. Therefore, the countries of the world have agreed to conduct agreements to protect it, on top of which is the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). When the State of Indonesia agreed to sign this agreement, it had to provide legal cover in the field of patent through Law number 13 of 2016. After careful study of this law and Islamic jurisprudence, including its principles, and its purposes, the research sees that the Indonesian Law and Islamic Jurisprudence agree that patent is considered as wealth and property. So, they agree on the necessity of patent protection, and imposing the punishment for the aggressor. They also agree on the patent exploitation, whether it is personal exploitation or through a license contract. However, Islamic jurisprudence has established controls for the exploitation of innocence, the most important of which is that exploitation does not harm others. ملخص البحثالتشريع القانوني وضمان المنتجات الحلال للمستهلكين المسلمين من أهم أمر أساسي. وذلك أن من واجبات المسلم أن لا يقتصرالاهتمام باستهلاك المنتجات الخالية من المخاطر الكيميائية والمواد الضارة بالصحة، بالإضافة إلى ذلك فلابد أيضا أن يهتم بحلال المنتجات من ناحية ماهيتها ومعالجتها وفقا للتشريع الإسلامي. وكذلك يجب أن تكون منتجات الملابس مطهرة وليست مصنوعة من أشياء نجسة، لأنها تفسد العبادة والصحة النفسية. دستور الدولة والقوانين واللوائح التي نتص على ضمان منتجات الحلال هي دليل على التزام الحكومة بالتواجد في توفير الحماية للمسلمين هم أعظم المستهلكين في إندونيسيا. أصبح القانون رقم 33 سنة 2014 بشأن ضمان المنتج الحلال والذي دخل حيز التنفيذ في 17 أكتوبر 2019، هو نقطة البداية أن الدولة توفر ضمانات وحمايات لمواطنيها للحصول على الغذاء والأدوية والمواد المستهلكة وفقًا لإرشادات الإيمان. ومع ذلك، فإن تنفيذ القانون وتطبيقه لا يزال يحتوي على استثنائية السلطة التقديرية (حرية التصرف) بشأن رسومات الكلفة حيث أصبحت عملية تفتيش الحلال تحت رعاية سلطة منظمة تحليل الغذاء والأدوية مستحضرات التجميل عضو مجلس العلماء الإندونيسي حتى صدور قرار وزير المالية بشأن رسومات كلفة خدمة شهادة الحلال. ولا تزال هذه استثنائية السلطة التقديرية (حرية التصرف) تؤثر بشكل أو بآخر على برنامج إلزام شهادة الحلال لكل منتجات يتم تسويقها في إندونيسيا من خلال إلصاق علامة/ختم الحلال.

Book reviewed in this article:Day Services for People with Learning Disabilities Philip Seed (ed).Mental Illness in People with a Learning Disability Andrew Swift.Insights Into Inspection — The Regulation of Social Care Roger Clough (ed.).Brain Development and Epilepsy P.A. Schwartzkroin, S.L. Moshe, J.L. Noebels and J.W. Swann (eds).Behavioral Interventions with Brain‐Injured Children A. MacNeill Horton and William G. Miller.Assessment of Mental Capacity: Guidance for Doctors and Lawyers British Medical Association and The Law Society.Teachers with Special Needs: Training for Teachers of Adults with Learning Difficulties M. Boice.St Lawrence's. The Story of a Hospital, 1870–1994 Robert Malster.Mothers, Babies and Cocaine M. Lewis and M. Bendersky (eds).Opening New Doors. An Evaluation of Community Care for People Discharged from Psychiatric and Mental Handicap Hospitals Michael Donnelly, Sinead McGilloway, Nicholas Mays, Sarah Perry, Martin Knapp, Shane Kavanagh, Jennifer Beecham, Andrew Fenyo and Jack Austin.

La interacción entre propiedad industrial, particularmente patentes farmacéuticas, y el derecho de la competencia, tiene un impacto en asuntos de interés general como los derechos a la salud, al acceso a los beneficios de la tecnología y a la libre competencia. La cuestión es cómo hacer compatible un mercado farmacéutico competitivo y dinámico, con el sistema de patentes, que otorga monopolios legales significativamente amplios sobre productos considerados innovaciones. A partir de un análisis legislativo y casuístico, se concluye que son necesarias mejores políticas pro competitivas -en especial en países en desarrollo- para enfrentar prácticas como el reverdecimiento ('evergreening') de patentes, los acuerdos para demorar la entrada de competidores y la negativa a licenciar, entre otras usadas en el sector farmacéutico para bloquear la entrada de la competencia. Los competidores, los consumidores y los sistemas de salud son vulnerables al creciente número de patentes y a esas prácticas. Diversas medidas pueden adoptarse, sin embargo, para lograr un balance entre la protección de la innovación y la competencia.

Administrative law in South Carolina has undergone radical and pervasive changes in the last twenty years. Not only has the body of case law dramatically increased, state agency regulatory schemes have grown, due process standards have been more clearly defined, and administrative procedures have become more formal and consistent. Perhaps the most important development in state administrative practice and procedure over the past two decades has been the creation and expansion of the Administrative Law Court. Administrative law touches practically all facets of everyday life and everyday law practice. It provides the framework by which state government administers service, policy, licensing and permitting, and taxation programs. Administrative law regulates telephone and power rates, determines taxes and rates, protects air and water from pollution, oversees and controls the availability of and access to healthcare services for many of our citizens, sets insurance rates, sanitation standards on restaurants, sets policy for and controls property use, regulates workplace safety, and performs a host of other functions that affect virtually every segment of everyday society.

This article shows the first results existing of the legal framework for the management of Historical Centers as part of the territory, particularly of the Liberia situation as part of the project "Baseline for the sustainable management of the Historical Center of Liberia City". The project reviews a brief documentary analysis and a systematic review of the laws, regulations, and case law concerning the historical centers as a heritage property and the territory's resources from the municipal power perspective of establishing legal instruments for the management of the territory and urban planning. Following the Kelsen pyramid about the hierarchical regulatory system, there were selected executive laws, decrees, and rules, as well as related case law with a heritage property as part of the territory, for the present paper there were no considerations of the international conventions about heritage property since this was addressed comprehensively in other projects. The contribution of this article is to identify the regulatory framework that sustains the municipal regulation as the management tool for heritage conservation of the Historical Center. ; Este artículo expone los primeros resultados del análisis del marco jurídico existente para la gestión de Centros Históricos como parte del territorio, en particular el caso de Liberia, como parte del proyecto "Línea base para la gestión sostenible del Centro Histórico de la ciudad de Liberia." El trabajo realiza un breve análisis documental y una revisión sistemática de las leyes, reglamentos y jurisprudencia al respecto de los centros históricos como bienes patrimoniales y recursos del territorio desde la potestad municipal de establecer instrumentos legales de ordenación de su territorio y planificación urbana. Siguiendo la pirámide de Kelsen sobre la jerarquización del sistema normativo se seleccionaron las leyes, los decretos y reglamentos ejecutivos, así como la jurisprudencia relacionados con el patrimonio como parte del territorio, para este trabajo no se consideraron los tratados y convenciones internacionales sobre patrimonio ya que esto se ha abordado de manera exhaustiva en otros proyectos. El aporte de este artículo es identificar el marco jurídico que da sustento a la reglamentación municipal como instrumento de gestión para los Centros Históricos como una herramienta más de conservación del patrimonio.

"This book studies family life and gender broadly within Italy, not just one region or city, from the fourteenth through the seventeenth centuries. Paternal control of the household was paramount in Italian life at this time, with control of property and even marital choices and career paths laid out for children and carried out from beyond the grave by means of written testaments. However, the reality was always more complex than a simple reading of local laws and legal doctrines would seem to permit, especially when there were no sons to step forward as heirs. Family disputes provided an opening for legal ambiguities to redirect property and endow women with property and means of control. This book uses the decisions of lawyers and judges to examine family dynamics through the lens of law and legal disputes"--

In this article, some theoretical and methodological issues of the formation and development of self-government of citizens in the Republic of Uzbekistan are considered. Legal regime of ownership of citizens' self-government bodies, which can be constructed, acquired or transferred to them in the manner prescribed by law, objects of social, social and other purposes, as well as vehicles, household equipment and other movable and immovable property. Subjective legal capacity of self-governing bodies of citizens who have the right to transfer objects of their property for temporary or permanent use to legal entities and individuals, lease out, alienate in accordance with the established procedure, and perform other transactions with this property in accordance with the legislation. The article also widely discloses the financial basis of the activities of citizens' self-government bodies, the sources of their budgetary resources.

When the French assumed effective political control of Vietnam in the late nineteenth century they were confronted with the dual problem of raising revenues and securing administrative control of the countryside. In seeking a solution they were forced to consider Vietnamese land tenures and the distribution of agricultural output prevailing at that time. Their early moves reflected a sharp bias in favour of French law and almost total ignorance of the wide divergence between their system of property and taxation and Vietnamese custom and procedure. On a broad scale what was involved was an attempt to reinterpret indigenous practices to achieve compatibility with the French conception of private and public property categories and the legitimate rights and claims inherent in each. Le Code Annamite was translated by P.L.F. Philastre and gradually Vietnamese property laws were drawn towards conformity with French practices.

Zimbabwe's human rights obligations under international and domestic laws secure the rights to property, adequate shelter, freedom from arbitrary evictions, protection and benefit of the law, fair administrative action and due process. Despite these protections, however, the government has repeatedly and arbitrarily demolished homes in urban areas particularly in Harare in apparent disregard of these rights. This article presents the findings of a field study conducted in Harare in April 2016 following the demolition of over 100 homes in Harare's Arlington suburb in January 2016. The methodology included a site visit of demolished homes and interviews with victims of the demolitions, the victims' lawyers, members of civil society, journalists, officials of residents' associations and the national human rights institution in Harare between 11 April - 15 April 2016. This primary data was complemented with a desk review of available literature. The study uses the Arlington evictions as a representative case study of what has emerged over the last few years as a pattern. The article therefore examines home demolitions and evictions in Harare with particular focus on the Arlington demolitions vis-a-vis Zimbabwe's legal obligations under both domestic and international law. The findings reveal ambiguities in Zimbabwe's domestic legal framework; an unregulated land allocation system; political indiscipline; and government bureaucracy and departmental infighting as some factors that have created room for the widespread arbitrary demolitions and related violations of human rights. The article concludes by making targeted recommendations.

Shaham challenges the common opinion that Islamic legal modernism, as represented by Rashid Rida (d. 1935), is of poor intellectual quality and should not be considered an authentic development within Islamic law. The book focuses on the celebrated Sunni jurist, Yusuf al-Qaradawi (b. 1926), whom Shaham perceives as a close follower of Rida. 0By studying the coherence of Qaradawi's Wasati theory of ijtihad and the consistency of its application in his legal opinions (fatwas), Shaham argues that Qaradawi, by means of eclecticism and synthesis, conducts a bold dialogue with the Islamic juristic heritage and brings it to bear on modern developments, in particular the institutional framework of the nation-state

The overall purpose of this article is to provide Virginia tax and general practitioners with a concise overview of the recent developments in Virginia taxation that will most likely impact those practitioners. This article does not, however, discuss many of the numerous technical legislative changes to title 58.1 of the Virginia Code, which covers taxation.