Suchergebnisse

SUMMARY Project appraisal methodologies have developed greatly during the last 15 years, and project planning is increasingly taking the place of macro‐economic planning in the developing countries of the world. However, flexibility must be maintained, if inertia is not to calcify the projects and strategies chosen. Eight procedural steps designed to avoid this are listed and discussed.RESUME Planification des projets et macroplanificationLes méthodologies d'évaluation des projets se sont développées rapidement au cours des quinze dernières années et la planification des projets remplace de plus en plus la planification macro‐économique dans les pays en voie de développement. Toutefois, il faut maintenir une certaine flexibilité, pour empêcher la force d'inertie de paralyser les projets et les stratégies choisies. Huit façons de procéder destinées à éviter cet état de choses sont décrites et discutées.RESUMEN Planificación de proyectos y macroplanificaciónLas metodologías de análisis de proyectos se han desarrollado mucho durante los últimos quince años y la planificación de proyectos cada vez sustituye más a la planificación macroeconómica en los países en vías de desarrollo del mundo. No obstante, debe mantenerse la flexibilidad, si no se quiere que la inercia petrifique los proyectos y estrategias elegidas. Se enumeran y analizan ocho medidas de procedimiento concebidas para evitar esto.

Cover -- Guest Editorial: Vernacular architecture: sustainability and risks -- The Roman fish tanks of the Western Mediterranean basin as potential scenarios for research on sea-level changes -- Assessment of vulnerability and site adaptive capacity to the risk of climate change: the case of Tchogha Zanbil World Heritage earthen site in Iran -- Transformation and resilience processes in mountain oases at the High Atlas (Morocco) - the case of Aı€t Mrau, Mgoun Valley -- Vernacular and World Heritage impact assessment: the case of Patmos -- Tents: a paradigm of lightness and sustainability in vernacular architecture and in Frei Otto's work -- Earthen architectural heritage in the international context: values, threats, conservation principles and strategies.

Foreword / Glenn D. Lowry -- Preface / Robin D. G. Kelley -- Introduction / Sean Anderson and Mabel O. Wilson -- Refusal. Black gathering: An assembly in three parts / Christina Sharpe -- Immeasurability (Atlanta, GA) / Emanuel Admassu -- Visible by design / Michelle Joan Wilkinson -- The refusal of space (Nashville, TN) / Mario Gooden -- Moving beyond repair: Constructing a revisionist history of architectural modernity at MoMA / Charles L. Davis II -- Liberation. Designing for social justice / Roberta Washington -- Fabricating networks: Transmissions and receptions from Pittsburgh's Hill district (Pittsburgh, PA) / Felecia Davis -- Reconstruction's breadth / Adrienne Brown -- Black towers / Black power (Oakland, CA) / Walter J. Hood -- At the YMCA swimming pool / Arièle Dionne-Krosnick -- Supply-side criminomics / Carla Shedd -- On exactitude in science (Watts) / David Hartt -- Imagination. Time, memory, and living in shotgun houses in the south of the South City of New Orleans / Tonya M. Foster -- A spectrum of Blackness: The search for sedimentation in Miami, FL / Germane Barnes -- Shack stories / Aruna D'Souza -- R:R (New Orleans, LA) / V. Mitch McEwen -- Entanglements of slavery, segregation, and mass incarceration in the United States / Dianne Harris -- Care. We had a garden / Audry Petty -- We outchea: HIp-hop fabrications and public space (Syracuse, NY) / Sekou Cooke -- Housing as insertion point for creative urban alchemy / Ifeoma Ebo -- Environmental racism and its afterlives in the prison system / David Naguib Pellow -- Directions to Black space (after Mutabaruka) (Kinloch, MO) / Amanda Williams -- Knowledge. A refusal of border / Jennifer Newsom -- black city: the los angeles edition (Los Angeles, CA) / J. Yolande Daniels -- Reconstructing difference: Design for all of the above / Justin Garrett Moore -- The frozen neighborhoods (Brooklyn, NY) / Olalekan Jeyifous -- Toward an architecture race theory / Milton S. F. Curry -- Manifesting statement: the Black Reconstruction Collective -- Project teams -- Acknowledgments -- Trustees of The Museum of Modern Art.

For planners, processes of complex spatial transformations today are comparable to uncharted land and an uncertain voyage. Many possible role images overlap and contrast to traditional and established ways of thinking and acting. The focus here is on navigating instead of controlling, about supporting instead of enforcing. Planning lacks tools to think and act when facing uncertainty. This paper proposes role-reflexive planning as an educational and experimental approach to thinking through different potentialities. It offers groundwork from the boundary between planning and transition studies, using role-based ideas as a bridge. It offers an overview about different roles that are relevant to working towards transformations as spatial planners. It develops an account of role-reflexive planning that connects between contexts, actions and back to individual modes of behaviour in planning processes. As a basis, this paper condenses experiences of a role-playing pilot workshop and discussions about potential elements of a transition towards "post-growth planning". It outlines how role-playing challenges the individual roles of actors beyond the game situations themselves. Conceptual ideas foster a renewed role-based debate on thinking and acting in the face of uncertainty and ways to navigate through the stormy waters of transformation.

In a recently discovered photograph of German architect Bruno Taut's retrospective exhibition at the Istanbul Academy of Fine Arts, which opened on 4 June 1938, Taut in-exile stands with Erica Taut and his assistant Şinasi Lugal in front of a display (see Figure 1). What interests me in this image is not so much the frontal figures who posed for it as the documentary value of the exhibit in the background, the photographs inside the photograph. These images display Taut's Siedlungen (residential settlements/collective housing projects), designed and constructed as part of the Berlin Housing Program (1924–33) just before Taut was exiled from Germany due to the rise of National Socialism. After stays in Russia and Japan, Taut moved to Turkey, where he became head of the Architecture Department at the Istanbul Academy. Through a seminar and a studio he taught on Siedlung, he participated in a translation of the idea of collective housing that would shape the discursive space and practice of architecture in Turkey for decades to come. Most of the images in the exhibition were taken by the now-famous photographer Arthur Köster. The exhibit bears witness to the fact that Turkish architects were exposed not only to the influential Siedlungen of the Weimar period in Germany but also to their soon-to-be canonical photographs earlier than most of their colleagues around the world.

In the sixties the green and the peace movements alerted the international community of the deterioration of the environment and of the danger of nuclear conflicts. Since then, the green movement has been transformed into political parties, departments, jobs, environmental impact assessments and several international regimes. The first publication of the Club of Rome in 1972, Limits of Growth, had a catalyzing effect for raising life and death questions that confront mankind and claiming that planetary planning was the most important business on earth (Meadows 1972). The peace movement, on the other hand, evolved differently. There were some peak moments such as the peace marches in the eighties, but the impacts were weaker and less decisive. One explanation is that the peace movement had to cope with the strong bureaucracies of foreign offices and of defense departments that claimed the expertise. Another explanation is that a great deal of the peace movement does not define peace as a collective good. Being removed from the embedded conflict gives a false sense of apartness making some conflicts seem irrelevant to societies at peace. The possibility of cruise missiles hitting peaceful countries caused huge peace marches; the snipers in Sarajevo did not. A third reason is that costs of violence continue to be underestimated because of inadequate estimates of the price of failed conflict prevention (Reychler 1999a).

The end-user demands low effort threshold access to systems providing e-information, e-business, and e-entertainment. Innovators and entrepreneurs require also equally low-energy access to heterogeneous information homogenised to a form and language familiar to them. On top of that, decision-makers, whether in a control room or government strategic planning, demand equally easy access to information that is statistically or inductively enhanced to knowledge and access to modelling or simulation systems to allow 'what if?' requests. Researchers and technical workers have an additional requirement for rapid integration of information with statistical, induction, modelling, and simulation systems to generate and verify hypotheses so generating data and information, to be used by others, which in turn advances knowledge. Access is required, and can now be provided, anytime, anyhow, anywhere through ambient computing technology. A new paradigm, GRIDs, provides the architectural framework.