Suchergebnisse

Findings from the multinational Beliefs in Government Study, which comprised exhaustive analysis of survey data on mass beliefs & attitudes in the West, indicate, in spite of considerable socioeconomic change in recent decades, political stability, continuity, & adaptability in Western Europe. It is suggested that political scientists should pay more attention to pressures for inertia & continuity in Western democracies. 5 References. Adapted from the source document.

Government in Britain focuses on the various aspects of the British government and how they work, from the Cabinet to the civil service, the House of Commons, economic affairs, and foreign affairs and defense. Emphasis is placed on certain areas of central government and the provision of social services. This book is comprised of eight chapters and opens with an overview of the Cabinet, its size, Secretariat, and committees. Attention is paid to collective responsibility and ministerial responsibility, as well as political parties and Prime Ministers. The next chapter is devoted to the civil.

This thesis consists of two independent studies. The first study works on the effect of government regulation on financial markets. The second study analyses the multitask nature of government regulation in a regionally decentralized authoritarian regime. The first study examines the influences of the 1934 US Securities and Exchange Act on stock markets. The Securities and Exchange Acts of 1933/1934 are the first nationwide public laws of financial regulation in the world. By imposing mandatory information disclosure requirements, these laws are implemented with the aims of reducing speculation and manipulation of stock prices. Subsequent financial regulations all over the world follow the principles embedded in these two laws. However, 80 years later, the effects of these laws on financial markets are still under debate and continue to have deep implications on law and financial development at a global scale. In this study I examine the impact of the 1934 Act in reducing stock idiosyncratic volatility. Monthly firm-level idiosyncratic volatility series for NYSE/AMEX listed firms in the period of 1926 - 1970 are constructed from daily CRSP stock data; voluntary disclosed accounting data from "Moody's Manual of Investments 1934" are manually collected as a proxy of firms' disclosure quality before the law. The comparisons of the firm-level idiosyncratic volatilities before and after the enactment of the Acts show systematic evidence indicating that the Acts significantly reduce idiosyncratic volatility. Moreover, the firms that disclose much less the key accounting information before the implementation of the Acts, have experienced more reductions in volatility and are thus more deeply affected by the Acts than others. In addition, these firms are associated with further reductions in bid-ask spreads and additional improvements in liquidity after the enactment of the Acts. My findings suggest that one of the mechanisms, through which the Acts affect the market, have been identified. The second study explores the governance structure of government in a regionally decentralized authoritarian regime. The organizational form of Chinese central-local government is characterized by regionally decentralized authoritarianism (RDA) (Xu (2011)). This system is a combination of political centralization and economic regional decentralization. Political centralization implies that subnational officials' careers are determined by their superiors instead of constituencies; regional decentralization indicates that subnational governments are empowered to engage in regional development. At the early stage of economic reform, economic growth became the most important task. By utilizing yardstick competition reward based on economic performance, China's central government is successful in incentivizing local government officials to promote economic growth. However, unlike private enterprises, which concentrate on maximizing profits, government agencies are bound to pursue multiple goals. The multitask nature of government has become increasingly prominent and has created serious problems in China. By extending the Holmstrom and Milgrom (1991) multitask principal-agent model to a multitask-multiagent model, I explain under which conditions yardstick competition would fail in motivating local officials, and show that the optimal linear contract designed under a RDA regime is not capable of solving problems generated by the system itself. ; published_or_final_version ; Economics and Finance ; Doctoral ; Doctor of Philosophy

"Prepared and edited by Clyde Lyndon King"--P. [viii]. ; Includes bibliographical references and index. ; pt. 1. Types of county government -- pt. 2. Typical problems in county government -- pt. 3. Plans for the reorganization of county government. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Covers cases on municipal corporations—power of eminent domain—condemnation of lands for resale to private industry and on zoning ordinances—power to require termination of nonconforming use.