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ObjectiveThis article examines various determinants of communication behaviors related to natural hazards and how those determinants vary for those at home or those away from home. We use the context of a series of storms that provoked communication to determine differences across media platforms, location during the event, sending versus receiving communication, and certain demographic characteristics.MethodsWe use a survey of Oklahoma residents fielded in the Spring of 2016 following a series of storms to examine self‐reported communication behaviors.ResultsOur findings suggest that individuals are more likely to communicate when away from home, across all media for both sending and receiving behaviors. We find that warning reception methods differ importantly across location; those at home rely on authority‐to‐citizen communication, while others rely on citizen‐to‐citizen communication. Demographics and socioeconomic status also influence communication patterns.ConclusionConcerned individuals and emergency managers should use a diverse set of media to communicate, especially under increased risk or hazard, to reach relevant populations across demographics and place‐based locations. These strategies must be sensitive to time of day and the availability of media platforms to affected residents.

Abstract. The sexual double standard (SDS) has traditionally been studied by examining evaluations of hypothetical targets. Although much knowledge has been gained regarding the SDS by using this methodology, the literature thus far has suffered from a lack of ecological validity. The goal of the present study was to determine whether the SDS emerged in evaluations of participants' real-life friends and acquaintances. Participants ( n = 4,455) evaluated a single, randomly assigned male or female friend or acquaintance whose sexual history they were familiar with. Women were evaluated more negatively as their number of sexual partners increased, whereas number of partners was not related to evaluations of men. The SDS was not moderated by the closeness of the relationship between the participant and the target person.

Children with disabilities are commonly defined by a child that requires special needs in their everyday life aspects. They may have extensive needs in education, social, healthcare, and psychological health. Children with disabilities have the rights to be educated in various placements, from special school to inclusive school alongside their normal peers. An inclusive school being called learning-friendly when all of the elements of Learning-Friendly school environment that are already been established are addressed. Every member of inclusive school should acknowledge those elements, including the teacher. The aim of this research is to evaluate the teachers' knowledge and understanding about learning-friendly education among inclusive school under the purview of The Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affair. This study was using a quantitative research method. The data collection technique used is a rating scale with 18-item questions. The result of this research found that most of the teachers (89%) showed a moderate to low level of knowledge and understanding about learning-friendly inclusive education for children with disabilities. While another 11% of teachers had a good knowledge about the concept of friendly education for children with disabilities. Overall, teacher's knowledge and understanding are in moderate to low level. Furthermore, there is a need to improve teachers' knowledge and understanding about friendly-education for children with disabilities in inclusive school.

Multiculturally competent student affairs educators are required to effectively meet the needs of today's diverse student population. However, little is known about how educators acquire these skills. This study examined the multicultural awareness, knowledge, and skills gained by student affairs educators through their participation in NCORE, an experiential conference exploring race and ethnicity. Results of the study have implications for graduate preparation programs and professional development opportunities for student affairs educators.

This paper analyses how the size and socio-economic diversity of their electorate affect parliamentarians legislative behaviour. We study the Australian senate, which wields considerable legislative influence and is marked by large differences in the size and socio-economic makeup of the districts that senators represent. We demonstrate that as the size of their district increases, senators ask more questions and introduce more bills and amendments. By contrast, senators become less active as the diversity of their electoral district increases. The paper thus establishes that size and diversity of electorates have significant effects on legislative behaviour. ; (VLID)5205911 ; Version of record

The practice of strategy implementation is key to the public sector in Zimbabwe because it helps the government to be up to speed in providing services to the public. This research focused on the National Health Strategy 2009-2013 and its impact on health service delivery in Vungu Rural District Council Clinics. The research was based on qualitative desk study design which made use of existing data and semi structured interviews to understand the effect of the National Health Strategy on health service delivery in Vungu Rural Districts Council Clinics. From the literature reviewed and the data collected, it can be noted that lack of resources has had a huge effect on the execution of the strategy. The findings from the study show that the National Health Strategy was a good initiative. However, it lacked financial resources which posed challenges to the health workers in Vungu Rural District Council Clinics. The health workers were not very familiar with the National Health Strategy and this had a negative impact on its execution because they cannot execute a strategy that they are not familiar with. The study highlighted the importance of resources for the execution of the National Health Strategy. The study therefore sought to find ways the Zimbabwean Health System may formulate the health strategy with the limited resources in order to achieve desired goals. The Health Workers echoed the same sentiments that they needed resources for the implementation of the strategy. It is hoped that the findings would provide guidelines for the formulation and implementation of future health strategies. Recommendations given would ensure that there is utilisation of available resources, which would help in the execution of other health strategies to ensure efficient and effective health care service delivery. The recommendations are also intended to enhance the performance of health workers. Though the study was limited to Vungu Rural District Council Clinics the findings and recommendations would provide guidelines for other rural clinics as they use the National Health Strategy. ; Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2019

Background: The European crisis lead to funding restrains in healthcare, already under pressure due to the ageing of the population and the increase of demands from innovation. Portugal is the paradigm of the European crisis since has both an economic and demographic crisis. The researchers aimed to evaluate the impact of economic restrains in Portugal for access and reimbursement of new oncological drugs. Methodology: A qualitative approach was used, supported by 27 formal, tape recorded, semi-structured interviews to representatives of the different healthcare stakeholders and policymakers. The content analysis with semantic associations through co-occurrence analysis were done with the support of Tropes® software. Results: The results of the content analysis showed that economic restrains are leading to a policy of cost control with lower prices and reduced access to innovation; an excessive delay in the approval of new drugs; lack of transparency; serious limitations and inequity between hospitals. Contractual boundaries to national prescription was established and agreements with pharmaceuticals were made. Changes in the reimbursement process are being implemented with an increase of risk sharing mechanisms and implementation of a new system of health technological evaluation (SINATS). Treatment protocols are also being revised and public hospitals are trying to increase the number of clinical trials but there is still much bureaucracy. In this qualitative approach, the following factors with impact on survival were identified: Innovation and technological development, government funding, the price of drugs and type of oncological diseases. Conclusions: The economic crisis is leading to a very serious problem of inequity. However, it is also an opportunity for a structural reform. In Portugal, an attempt of reform is being made with the implementation of SINATS since it is important to distinguish molecules that effectively bring added value. In order to consider the strategic vision in which the patient is the center of all efforts, the process of reimbursement approval for new medicines should be faster, more transparent and interdisciplinary. Moreover, the decisions must be done triangulating evidence based medicine, economics, health policy and ethical and legal issues. For National Health Service sustainability, efficiency and efficacy, clinical and economic reassessments must be done after market introduction of new medicines, with subsequent renegotiations. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Open Access Journal ; Résumé Facteurs socio-économiques et accès au crédit des petits producteurs de manioc dans le sud-ouest du Nigeria L'accès au crédit est un facteur important pour l'augmentation de la productivité agricole. Le modèle " Tobit" a été utilisé pour évaluer les facteurs qui influencent l'intensité de l'accès au crédit des petits producteurs de manioc du sud-Ouest du Nigeria. Les données primaires utilisées ont été collectées, auprès de 856 ménages, lors d'une enquête conduite par l'International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) en 2011. Les résultats du modèle empirique Tobit indiquent que seules sept des 11 variables sont statistiquement liées à l'intensité de l'accès au crédit. Cependant, seules les variables cheptel, production totale de manioc, valeur monétaire des actifs productifs du ménage et taille du ménage ont une influence positive et statistiquement différente de zéro sur l'intensité de l'accès au crédit. L'augmentation de ces variables permettrait d'augmenter le montant du crédit auquel un agriculteur pourrait avoir accès. Les politiques qui mèneront à l'amélioration de la diversification par l'élevage, l'augmentation de la production de manioc et l'accumulation d'actifs des agriculteurs sont recommandées pour cette région. Abstract Access to credit is an important factor in the attainment of agricultural productivity increase. We adopted a Tobit model to assess the factors that influence the intensity of rural smallholder cassava farmers' access to credit in Southwest Nigeria, using primary data collected from 856 rural households by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) in 2011. The results of the empirical Tobit model indicate that seven out of the 11 variables included in the model are statistically related to the intensity of access to credit. However, only total livestock unit, cassava output, monetary value of the households' productive assets and household size are positively and statistically significant. This implies that increase in output, diversification of households' income sources into livestock production and accumulation of assets are important variables that have the potential to enhance farmers' access to larger amounts of credit. Therefore, policies that will lead to improve farmers' outputs and/or increase diversification and assets accumulation are recommended for this region. ; Peer Review

CONTEXT AND BACKGROUND: The newest era of public health, deemed "Public Health 3.0," supports cross-sector collaborations to address social determinants of health. These activities often require collaborations with nontraditional public health entities. As this new era begins, it is important to understand perceptions of the public health workforce with regard to Public Health 3.0. OBJECTIVE: To assess perceptions of support toward Public Health 3.0 activities by the public health workforce, identify characteristics associated with support, and measure concordance in support between agency directors and the general workforce. DESIGN: This cross-sectional study utilizes the 2017 Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey to understand support and concordance regarding Public Health 3.0 activities by a nationally representative sample of governmental public health employees. Logistic regression models are used to identify characteristics associated with support of each 3.0 activity and concordance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Governmental public health employees' opinions on how involved their agency should be in the K-12 education system, the economy, the built environment, transportation, housing, social connectedness, and health equity within their jurisdiction and concordance in support of involvement between agency directors and the general workforce. RESULTS: Overall, individual perceptions supporting involvement were highest for health equity and social connectedness and lowest for transportation. Supervisory status, education, and being at a local health department were associated with greater odds of supporting all 3.0 activities. Concordance with agency directors was greatest among other executives relative to nonsupervisors. CONCLUSIONS: There is overall generally high support of many 3.0 activities, but there are gaps in agreement by supervisory status, gender, race/ethnicity, education, role type, and jurisdiction. Findings may help support agency leaders in better communicating the role of their agencies in Public Health 3.0 activities, and workforce education regarding such activities may be necessary for the success of Public Health 3.0's success.