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Prohibited 'use of force' under article 2(4) of the UN Charter and customary international law has until now not been clearly defined, despite its central importance in the international legal order and for international peace and security. This book accordingly offers an original framework to identify prohibited uses of force, including those that use emerging technology or take place in newer military domains such as outer space. In doing so, Erin Pobjie explains the emergence of the customary prohibition of the use of force and its relationship with article 2(4) and identifies the elements of a prohibited 'use of force'. In a major contribution to the scholarship, the book proposes a framework that defines a 'use of force' in international law and applies this framework to illustrative case studies to demonstrate its usefulness as a tool for legal scholars, practitioners and students. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Interparliamentary Relations and the Future of Devolution in the UK provides a political analysis of interparliamentary relations at a time when devolved legislatures are more evidently asserting their influence. Chapters provide the context necessary to understanding current complexities, considering the future of UK politics in response to critical circumstances such as Brexit and the Covid-19 pandemic. Margaret Arnott recognises how tensions between competing narratives about the future working of devolution in the UK, particularly over the future relationship of the devolved nations to the UK, were all too evident in contemporary political narratives. Written at a time of intensified political debates and the increasing questioning of models of democracy, Interparliamentary Relations and the Future of Devolution in the UK addresses a significant gap in academic literature to consider both the collective future of UK governance and that of the individual nations who form it.

Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Sociological Foundations of Computational Social Science -- Chapter 3. Methodological contributions of computational social science to sociology -- Chapter 4. Computational Social Science: A Complex Contagion -- Chapter 5. Model of meaning -- Chapter 6. Sociological Meaning of Contagion -- Chapter 7. Polarization of Opinion -- Chapter 8. Coda.

"Due to a variety of global challenges in recent times, the dissolution of traditional boundaries between academic disciplines has given rise to a pressing need for innovative problem-solving. Complex issues affect our societies, spanning healthcare, social sciences, organizational behavior, and technology. This shifting landscape necessitates a comprehensive exploration into the interconnections between these diverse fields. The book, Multisector Insights in Healthcare, Social Sciences, Society, and Technology, is an innovative guide that seeks to examine the relationships between various fields of knowledge. It celebrates the transformative impact of applied research and interdisciplinary collaboration as the driving force behind overcoming the most significant challenges of our time. As the boundaries between disciplines blur, the book takes readers on a journey through multifaceted issues at the intersection of healthcare, social sciences, organizational behavior, and technology. Chapters within this book unravel the complexities of healthcare ethics, global health initiatives, organizational dynamics, and technological advancements. Through literature reviews, qualitative and quantitative studies, and real-world case analyses, the compendium not only identifies the problems but also offers concrete, evidence-backed solutions. This interdisciplinary approach underscores the need to address the pressing challenges of our time, emphasizing the need for collaborative strategies to drive positive change."--

Das Buch bietet einen weitreichenden Überblick über Forschungs- und Theoriebereiche in der Netzwerkforschung. Neben einem einführenden Teil zur Geschichte der Netzwerkforschung, zum Selbstverständnis und zu den wichtigsten theoretischen Grundlagen werden Methoden der Netzwerkforschung behandelt. Das wachsende Paradigma wird in immer mehr wissenschaftlichen und anwendungsorientierten Disziplinen als erkenntnisleitendes Prinzip und als Methode eingesetzt. Ein Überblick über viele dieser Felder bildet einen weiteren Schwerpunkt. Das Buch wird ergänzt durch einen Serviceteil, in dem Lehrbücher vorgestellt werden. Das Handbuch wendet sich damit sowohl an Neueinsteiger in die Thematik als auch an Experten. Am Buch sind die wesentlichen Autorinnen und Autoren der deutschsprachigen Netzwerkforschung beteiligt.

"My goal in this book is to slow down and ask some basic questions: What is censorship and why does it strike us as a grave problem? Is censorship the right concept for thinking about the above phenomena, or are complaints couched in the language of censorship confused, perhaps conceptually? Supposing that there is no confusion, what rights do the new censors have and do they act within those rights when they act in the ways described above? Supposing that they do act within their rights, is their behavior beyond reproach? And if it isn't, what exactly is wrong with it? Answering these questions is crucial for addressing a further question: What should be done about all of this? Do existing executive and legislative proposals represent a wise course of action? Or are they hastily drawn and likely to make matters worse? In addressing these questions, I'll begin at the beginning, with an account of censorship and the reasons it is morally and politically troubling. With this account on the table, we'll see that thinking of the cases above in terms of censorship is perfectly above board. This is in part because private censorship can threaten our ability to realize an intellectual environment we have reason to value, if we value free speech. Despite this, questions about the proper response to private censorship are far from straightforward. For although private parties and states can both act as censors, their censorship affects others in importantly different ways. And those differences mean a great deal for determining the duties of citizens, executives, and legislators. Before we begin, it is worth flagging a methodological point. In the remainder of this chapter, I will be asking you to consider various examples in the service of clarifying concepts or eliciting normative judgments. In discussing these examples, I will be making normative judgments of my own. You will read me saying things like, "such and such is clearly wrong" or "so and so is clearly permissible." It is a background supposition of this work that such judgments can be true or false, and that they are no mere matters of opinion. But I will often be unable to argue for the judgments on which I rely. Rather, I invite you to think about the cases yourself and exercise your own judgment. If it departs from mine, think about why that is. If you can't shake the feeling that I've gone wrong, great! That's how valuable philosophical exchanges are born"--

This book addresses issues related to ethics and integrity in teacher training. Authors pay special attention to the role ethics plays in teaching practice and the importance of establishing expectations for students to learn with integrity from a young age. The book celebrates global perspectives on ethics and integrity for pre-service teachers, acknowledging that although some aspects of ethics are universal, the ways in which these are implemented can vary. Contributors present original research, case studies, and recommendations for practice and teaching. The book draws on a range of theoretical and conceptual foundations including applied ethics, academic integrity, and moral education

"In parallel to the development of democracy, the Athenians of the Classical period established a series of sophisticated economic institutions for the times through which they developed a maritime and commercially oriented economy. This book provides a thorough analysis of this transformation and the functioning of the Athenian economy during the Classical period. Through the approach of New Institutional Economics (NIE), the book explores the establishment of key institutions including property rights protection, the legal protection of commercial contracts, prices determined by the forces of demand and supply, institutions against profiteering, banking services, the provision of loans through interest rates, consumer credit, insurance companies and a (primitive) version of joint stock companies. Furthermore, the book focuses on the structure of the public sector, on how the state budget was determined and on how decisions on public revenues and expenditures were made. It also provides an integrated and detailed analysis of the social welfare policies that were implemented through the provision of a variety of public goods in Classical Athens. Moreover, it focuses on a series of socioeconomic aspects such as the social status of women, slaves and foreigners and the viewpoints of prominent Athenian philosophers regarding economic organization. Finally, the book investigates whether an Athenian economic-political model of governance, based on a combination of advanced economic institutions (of free market type logic, even if in a primordial form) and direct democracy principles, can provide any lessons for modern societies. The book will be of great interest to readers of the economy, history and society of Ancient Greece, as well as economic historians and ancient historians and policymakers more broadly"--

"A comprehensive reassessment of the legal aspects of the colonate, situating the phenomenon within its socio-economic context. It examines afresh two critical sources, the Theodosian and Justinian Codes, and is an invaluable resource for students and scholars of Roman law and the agricultural and social history of late antiquity"--

This handbook provides a comprehensive road map to China's engagement with international law and an upgraded bridge between Chinese and Western approaches in times of turmoil. Written by a leading group of Chinese and Western specialists, it examines how China is assimilating into, and putting its stamp on, the global legal order. It offers updated analyses of China's relationship with international institutions, human rights law, international trade law, the law of the sea, the laws of peace and war, international criminal law, global health law, international investment law, international environmental law, climate change, international terrorism law, outer-space law, intellectual property law, cyber-space warfare, international financial law, international dispute settlement, territorial disputes, the Belt and Road Initiative, the Community of Shared Future for Mankind, China's constitutional law, the judicial application of international law, state immunity, the international rule of law, China's treaty practices and the extraterritorial application of Chinese laws

Transformations of Global Food Systems for Climate Change Resilience: Addressing Food Security, Nutrition, and Health provides poignant case studies of climate change resilience frameworks for nutrition-focused transformations of agriculture and food systems, food security, food sovereignty, and population health of underserved and marginalized communities from across the globe. Each chapter is drawn from diverse cultural contexts and geographic areas, addressing local challenges of ongoing food and health system transformations. They illustrate forms of resistance, resilience, and adaptations of food systems to climate change. Fourteen chapters present global case studies directly address the United Nation's sustainable development goals and the Food and Agriculture Organization's global call to action for transforming agriculture addressing food security and nutrition, and the health of populations impacted by climate change and public health issues. This edited volume includes research on 1 enhancing food sovereignty and food security for underserved populations, with a particular focus on indigenous peoples 2 improving locally contextualized definitions and measurements of climate change resilience, food security, hunger, nutrition, and health 3 informing public health programs and policies for population health and nutrition and 4 facilitating public and policy discourse on sustainable futures for community health and nutrition in the face of climate change and natural disasters, including ongoing and future pandemics or emergencies. Within this book, readers discover an array of approaches by authors that exemplify the mutually engaged and reciprocal partnerships that are community driven and support the positive transformation of the people with whom they work. By doing so, this book informs and drives a global sustainable future of scholarship and policy that is tied to the intersectionality and synergisms of climate change resilience, food security, food sovereignty, nutrition, and community health--

"In this book, we use the case of China to examine how state actors can transform the Internet and online discourse into a key strategic element for maintaining the government and relieving domestic pressure on national institutions. While scholars have long known that the democratizing influence of the Internet can be blunted by autocratic states, in this book, we show that the online sphere can effectively be co-opted by states like China and transformed into a supporting institution. Our theory, Directed Digital Dissidence, explains how autocracies manage critical online information flows and the impact this management has on mass opinion and behavior. While the expansion of the Internet may stimulate dissidence, it also provides the central government an avenue to direct that dissent away and toward selected targets. Under the strategy of Directed Digital Dissidence, the Internet becomes a mechanism to dissipate threats by serving as a targeted relief valve rather than a building pressure cooker. We consider the process and impact of this evolving state led manipulation of the political Internet using data and examples from China. We use an original large-scale random survey of Chinese citizens to measure Internet use, social media use, and political attitudes. We also consider the impact of the state firewall. Beyond simply identifying the government strategy, we focus on testing the effectiveness of the strategy with empirical data. We also consider how the redirection of dissent can be done across a broader range of targets, including non-state actors and other nations"--