Suchergebnisse

Initially pushed by the European Union (EU) through the Europe 2020 strategy, the development of renewable energies is a strategic action aiming to limit climate changes and cut greenhouse gas emissions. National subsidies favored the diffusion of this new kind of energy sources, even if there are interesting economic opportunities also in non-subsidized markets. Renewable energy (RE) is a sustainable choice, but its management requires a proper analysis, both from political and operational levels. The aim of this paper is the assessment of European renewable energy source (RES) trajectory towards 2020, starting from historical values and through common scientific methods. In addition, a new reference framework is proposed, in order to evaluate RESs performances in Europe. The framework is based on three indicators: (i) share of energy from RESs in gross final energy consumption, (ii) REs primary production per capita and (iii) gross final consumption of REs per capita. Results could have practical implications for the decision makers involved in the management of energy sources throughout Europe and could be used for the comparison on a global scale.

En este trabajo se examina la dinámica de la distribución regional del producto por empleado en la Unión Europea entre 1977 y 1999 a partir de técnicas de estimación no paramétricas. Asimismo, se analiza cuál ha sido la contribución regional y sectorial a la convergencia en productividad observada en el ámbito europeo a lo largo del período contemplado. Para ello se utiliza una metodología novedosa que combina una formulación alternativa del análisis shift-share con diversos resultados procedentes de la literatura dedicada al estudio de la distribución personal de la renta. La evidencia empírica aportada sugiere que la desigualdad regional en productividad en la Unión Europea está estrechamente relacionada con la existencia de diferencias intrínsecas entre regiones. En cualquier caso, los resultados obtenidos también ponen de manifiesto el importante papel desempeñado por el componente nacional a la hora de explicar los desequilibrios territoriales observados. Adicionalmente, las conclusiones alcanzadas permiten respaldar la relevancia teórica de los modelos de crecimiento unisectoriales a la hora de explicar las disparidades regionales en renta por habitante en el ámbito europeo. ; This paper applies non-parametric techniques to examine the evolution of the entire distribution of regional productivity in the European Union between 1977 and 1999. In addition, we study the importance of the respective roles played by regional and sectoral factors in the convergence of productivity observed in the European context. To achieve this aim, we consider a new methodology involving a modification of conventional shift-share analysis and various results reported in the literarure on personal income distribution. the impirical evidence provided suggest that regional inequality in productivity in the European Union is closely linked to intrinsic differences between regions. Likewise, the analyses developed reveal the major role played by the national component in the explanation of regional disparities in product per worker ...

Tendency for mortality in hypertension has not been well-characterized in European Union (EU). Mortality data from 1980 to 2011 in EU were used to calculate age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR, per 100,000), annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC). The Joinpoint Regression Program was used to compare the changes in tendency. Mortality rates in the most recent year studied vary between different countries, with the highest rates observed in Slovakia men and Estonia women. A downward trend in ASMR was demonstrated over all age groups. Robust decreases in ASMR were observed for both men (1991-1994, APC = -13.54) and women (1996-1999, APC = -14.80) aged 55-65 years. The tendency of systolic blood pressure (SBP) from 1980 to 2009 was consistent with ASMR, and the largest decrease was observed among Belgium men and France women. In conclusion, SBP associated ASMR decreased significantly on an annual basis from 1980 to 2009 while a slight increase was observed after 2009. Discrepancies in ASMR from one country to another in EU are significant during last three decades. With a better understanding of the tendency of the prevalence of hypertension and its mortality, efforts will be made to improve awareness and help strict control of hypertension.

Possibilities for the development of new forms of economic, social and technological headway designed to create and further improve economies based on knowledge are analyzed here. The main emphasis is put onnational and regional economic specialization and creation of new networks of clusters in the situation of the development of the European Union.We have found that clusterization oriented towards the increase of efficiency of various national and regional economies is a critical precondition for successful creation of modern economy based on knowledge, both in the whole space of the European Union and particular countries. Another idea ‐ a concept of creation of regional and cross‐regional clusters and their networks also known as ,,economic oazes"‐ is suggested here. It is explained in the paper that in the economies based on knowledge development of clusters and their networks will soon become one of the core forms of economic and technological advancement. First Published Online: 14 Oct 2010

The subject of the book is of great importance from the point of view of the current situation in Europe. The purpose of the book is to identify the legal effects of the renationalisation process on the EU and its Member States. The concept of renationalisation is expressed through MS's aim to verify the relationship with the EU. The thesis for the book is the return of renationalisation tendencies in the area of the Single Market, which is supported by, among others, an open criticism of the foundations of EU integration or considerations on withdrawal from the EU by some MS and the problems caused by migration and immigration. Part of the book involved an analysis of the internal market freedoms give a clear indication of the effects of the continuing trend of renationalisation on consumers, workers, entrepreneurs and MS. A definite influence on the above is the new, more dynamic, competition between Member States for leadership in sectorial EU policies (eg energy or agriculture), in certain areas (the euro) and the Union as a whole. --

This article contributes to the empirical turn in deliberative democratic theory, by studying the presence of arguing (discussion on the merits) and bargaining in the working groups of the Council of the European Union. It uses a survey of representatives of member states to analyse to what extent, under what circumstances, and by whom, arguing is used. The results indicate that arguing is indeed common in the Council working groups, but also that there is substantial variation. Most arguing is found in intergovernmental policy areas and by the most powerful and well-connected actors. The findings point to the conclusion that higher stakes and political pressure make actors less willing and able to engage in arguing.

In light of recent developments in Turkey, the debate on alternatives to full EU membership, presented for example in Germany as privileged partnerships or in France as a Mediterranean Union, remains current. The new opt-outs from the Charter of Fundamental Rights and other integration policies (cooperation in police and criminal matters), agreed on 23 June 2007 in the mandate to convene an inter-governmental conference to revise the Constitutional Treaty, also need to be considered in the context of the European Union's accession policy. This is necessary because it is becoming ever clearer that with accessions to the EU following the traditional pattern, only the question of official membership is being answered, not actual membership

Soler i Lecha, Eduard: Barcelona + 10: cleavages and alliances. - S. 1-4 Pace, Michelle : EU normative power in relation to border conflicts. - S. 4-7 Tocci, Nathalie: Has the EU promoted democracy in Palestine … and does it still? - S. 7-10 Bicchi, Federica: Want funding? Don't mention Islam : EU democracy promotion in the Mediterranean - S. 10-12