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General principles of law have made, and are likely further to make, a significant contribution to our understanding of the constituent elements of global justice. Dealing extensively with global headline issues of peace, security and justice, this book explores justice arising in specific areas of international law, as well as underlying theories of justice from political science and international relations. With contributions from leading academics and practitioners, the book adopts an interdisciplinary approach. Covering issues such as international humanitarian law, and examining the significance of non-state actors for the development of international law, the collection concludes with the complex question of how best to rethink aspects of international justice. The lessons derived from this research will have wide implications for both developed and emerging nation-states in rethinking sensitive issues of international law and justice. As such, this book will be of interest to academics and practitioners interested in international law, environmental law, human rights, ethics, international relations and political theory

Cover -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. STRENGTHENING TAX POLICY MAKING -- A. Preparation of Regulations and Tax Rulings -- B. Establishing a Tax Policy Unit (TPU) -- III. INCOME TAX -- A. Background -- B. Designing a PIT for the Maldives -- C. Taxing Labor Income -- D. Taxing Capital Income of Individuals -- E. The BPT and Taxing Small Businesses -- F. Distributional and Revenue Analysis of a PIT -- IV. INTERNATIONAL TAX -- A. Background -- B. Source Rules -- C. Gaps in the Base for Taxing Non-residents -- D. Permanent Establishments -- E. International Tax Avoidance -- F. Tax Concessions -- V. TAX TREATIES -- A. Background -- B. What Are the Benefits for Maldives from Tax Treaties? -- C. On Forming a Tax Treaty Policy -- D. Model Tax Treaty -- VI. GST -- A. Background -- B. GST Revenue Issues -- C. The Present GST: A 'Dichotomized' VAT? -- D. Keep the GST Threshold at its Present Level -- E. Exemptions and Zero-Ratings -- F. VAT Applied to Electronic Commerce -- VII. PROPERTY TAXES -- A. Background and Purpose -- B. The Rationale of Property Taxes -- C. Understanding the Yield: The Revenue Formula -- D. Tax Policy Options for a Future Modern Property Tax -- E. Tax Administration Reforms Supporting a New Property Tax -- F. Property Transfer Taxes -- BOXES -- 1. Summary of the Rejected 2011 Personal Income Tax Bill -- 2. PIT Design Alternatives -- 3. International Experience with PITs -- FIGURES -- 1. Tax Structure in the Maldives -- 2. Tax Policy Development Life Cycle -- 3. An Example of Personal Income Tax Scale and Average Tax Rates -- 4. Cumulative Distributional Function of Annual Employment Income -- 5. Before- vs. After-Tax Employment Income -- 6. Distribution of PBT Payments Based on Turnover Thresholds -- 7. Distributional Impact of a PIT in the Maldives.

"By engaging with ongoing discussions surrounding the scope of cross-border regulation, this expansive Research Handbook provides the reader with key insights into the concept of extraterritoriality. It offers an incisive overview and analysis of one of the most critical components of global governance. Authored by central voices in the global extraterritoriality debate, the Research Handbook on Extraterritoriality in International Law offers legal, interdisciplinary, and regional perspectives on this evolving field. It covers a variety of issues, such as the economics of extraterritorial crime, judicial extraterritoriality, and extraterritorial human rights obligations. This comprehensive Research Handbook will be a valuable research resource for scholars and students of international law and politics, as well as international and domestically oriented legal practitioners who seek to grasp the difficult legal questions surrounding extraterritoriality"--

Abstract
This article introduces the concept of sport for development and peace both as a theoretical notion and a part of the political-economical practice. Together with a brief definition and a historical overview, the main goal is to present the sport and development in the context of international relations, a network of stakeholders, practical implementation within major projects and its progressive inclusion into the development documents and strategies. Specifically, the article highlights the adoption of the concept by two major institutions, the United Nations and the International Olympic Committee as formal umbrella organisations. Furthermore, the role of the sport for development within the UN's agenda of Sustainable Development Goals is elaborated. Since the topic is a frequent object of academic research and critical analysis, the article concludes with an outline of the commonly mentioned contested topics and critical debates which permeate both academic production and activities of international state and non-governmental organisations.

In a recent article in this journal, Chapman presents a formal model of the informational role played by international institutions. Unfortunately, the equilibria given in the article are incorrect. In this article, we identify the errors in the analysis of Chapman and solve for correct equilibria to the model. Our results show little support for the empirical implications derived in the original article. Contrary to these original findings, we find that there may be no relationship between an institution's policy position and its effect on domestic public opinion or the likelihood that leaders will consult the institution.