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This power point presentation is not intended to provide specific legal advice, but rather a general discussion of potential legal issues related to farmers market activities. Highlighted are business incorporation status, contractual obligations & rights, food safety and premises liability.

The article deals with the legal aspects of limiting the constitutional rights and freedoms of servicemen during the legal regime of martial law. The views of scholars on understanding the restrictions on the rights and freedoms of persons serving in the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations are covered. It is noted that restrictions on the rights and freedoms of military personnel are objectively necessary, taking into account the specifics of military service, as well as related to the proper performance of duty, maintaining the proper level of combat and mobilization readiness of the troops (forces). The normative legal acts that determine the basic principles of the state policy in the field of social protection of servicemen and regulate the passage of military service, which provide for certain restrictions on the constitutional rights and freedoms of servicemen in the conditions of the legal regime of martial law, are analyzed. It has been found out that a feature of the constitutional and legal status of military personnel is that in the performance of their military service duties, they enjoy the constitutional rights and freedoms with certain limitations provided by law and are determined by the peculiarities of military service. It is established that the limitation of the rights and freedoms of servicemen under the conditions of the martial law regime is conditioned by the fact that military personnel are subject to military legislation which restricts their individual constitutional rights, including the constitutional right to pension and annual leave, in addition to the general legislation. Emphasizes the importance of improving the legal framework by fixing at the legislative level the receipt of monetary compensation for unused annual leave and the payment of retirement benefits during military service under the conditions of the martial law regime to persons who are entitled to annual leave for years of service. It is noted that the military service, its character, the increased danger to the lives of the persons passing it, the additional duties, the increased workload and the additional responsibility imply the need for additional social and legal guarantees for the persons passing it. ; У статті розглядаються правові аспекти обмеження конституційних прав та свобод військовослужбовців під час дії правового режиму воєнного стану. Висвітлено погляди вчених щодо розуміння обмежень прав та свобод осіб, які проходять військову службу у Збройних силах України й інших військових формуваннях. Зазначається, що обмеження прав і свобод військовослужбовців об'єктивно необхідні, ураховуючи специфіку військової служби, а також пов'язані з належним виконанням службових обов'язків, підтриманням належного рівня бойової та мобілізаційної готовності військ (сил). Проаналізовано нормативно-правові акти, що визначають основні засади державної політики у сфері соціального захисту військовослужбовців та регулюють проходження військової служби, якими передбачено окремі обмеження конституційних прав і свобод військовослужбовців в умовах правового режиму воєнного стану. З'ясовано, що особливістю конституційно-правового статусу військовослужбовців є те, що, виконуючи обов'язки військової служби, вони користуються конституційними правами і свободами з певними обмеженнями, які передбачені законодавством і визначаються особливостями проходження військової служби. Встановлено, що обмеження прав та свобод військовослужбовців в умовах правового режиму воєнного стану зумовлюються тим, що на військовослужбовців, крім загального законодавства, також поширюється військове законодавство, яке обмежує окремі їхні конституційні права, зокрема конституційне право на пенсійне забезпечення та надання щорічних відпусток. Наголошується на важливості вдосконалення нормативно-правової бази шляхом закріплення на законодавчому рівні отримання грошової компенсації за невикористані щорічні відпустки та виплати пенсійного забезпечення під час проходження військової служби в умовах правового режиму воєнного стану особам, які за вислугою років мають право на щорічну відпустку та пенсію. Зазначається, що проходження військової служби, її характер, підвищена небезпека для життя осіб, що її проходять, додаткові обов'язки, підвищені навантаження та додаткова відповідальність передбачають необхідність додаткових соціальних і правових гарантій для осіб, що її проходять.

Hans Baade's career spans a period marked by the progressive recognition of European law in American academic circles. At the time that Hans Baade decided to make the United States his academic home, historical circumstances had only recently brought to American shores a whole generation of legal scholars, mostly continental European in background and training. Aided by the compelling nature of the stories about law that they had to tell, these scholars connected strategically with an American legal academy that was then only slowly and tentatively emerging from what could be described, not unfairly, as a period of relative intellectual isolation. The law that these scholars brought to the attention of the American legal academy was of course very largely European. But it was a European law in a quite different sense than that which the term 'European law" conjures these days. It was European in one or both of two ways. First, it reflected the law, more specifically the positive law, of one or more particular western or central European countries. Certain jurisdictions-preeminently, but not exclusively, France and Germany-were the most privileged in this respect. At the same time, however, this law was European in the sense of exemplifying a generalized legal tradition that dominated the European continent and that came to provide the classic comparative frame of reference for the common law, namely the continental civil law tradition., This tradition had its boundaries, of course. It tended to exclude not only the law of common law jurisdictions within Europe (such as England or Ireland) but also, to a lesser extent, both the law of certain non-common law traditions (such as the Scandinavian) which, while incontestably European, were not incontestably civilian and, at the same time but for different reasons, the socialist law tradition that had arisen post-war on the otherwise continental civilian soil of central and eastern Europe.

The traditional, bilateralist model no longer accurately describes modern international law. Despite this, we have lack a theoretical underpinning through which to understand the new international legal order. We are in need of a new paradigm. The notion of international community interest can provide this tool. Transcending the individual interests of states, it attaches instead to a shared system of values, such as the protection of human dignity and the global environment. This shift, from individual interest to community, underlies fundamental structural changes in international law. The first category of such changes relates to international law-making. Community interest-inspired obligations (e.g. to respect human rights) break with the traditional model in that they are not owed between states bilaterally. They thus institute an evolution in the nature of international legal obligations, from relative to absolute. Methods of law-making reflect this, becoming increasingly cooperative and legislative. Simultaneously, jus cogens limits the law-making power of states where it conflicts with fundamental community interests. The second category relates to the legal response to international law-breaking. The community interest in legal compliance underlies the shift from a subjective conception of 'responsibility as reparation', to an objective responsibility focused on the return to legality. Further, the community interest in the enforcement of particular rules underpins the newly differentiated regime of responsibility for serious breaches of peremptory norms, and the restructuring of the invocation of responsibility with regard to obligations erga omnes. We turn finally to international law-framing. The 'international community' provides the frame within which international law can be seen as a system within which states act, rather than merely threads of obligation and responsibility binding them in bilateral pairings. The recognition of commonality through the community interest is thus transformative, establishing a new paradigm through which we may understand international law.

La creciente preocupación por los delincuentes peligrosos (terroristas, delincuentes sexuales, asesinos en serie, etc.) ha dado lugar en los últimos años a diferentes reformas legislativas, tanto en España como en otros muchos países. Por lo general, estas reformas sirven para ampliar las penas de prisión o para establecer medidas de seguridad complementarias a la pena. Se pretende con ello evitar que los delincuentes peligrosos vuelvan a delinquir. No se les impone una sanción por el delito que han cometido sino por el delito que pueden cometer en el futuro. De esta forma, se produce un importante cambio en la concepción del Derecho penal, pues la sanción penal ya no se fundamenta en la culpabilidad, sino en la peligrosidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es explicar las implicaciones político-criminales de esta concepción del Derecho penal basada en la peligrosidad y criticar, a partir de ahí, las últimas reformas del Código Penal español.Palabras clave: Penas, medidas de seguridad, inocuización (incapacitación), penas indeterminadas, custodia de seguridad, libertad vigilada, derecho penal de la seguridad, pronósticos de seguridad.Abstract:Growing concern about dangerous offenders (terrorists, sex offenders, serial murderers, etc.) has led to several legislative reforms in recent years, both in Spain and in many other countries. Generally, the penalties are expanded or complemented with preventive measures to prevent dangerous criminals from re-offending. In this way, a sanction is imposed not by the crime they have committed, but for the crime they may commit in the future. This represents a significant change in the conception of criminal law, because punishment is no longer based on guilt but on dangerousness. The aim of this paper is to explain the political implications of this conception and from that point criticize recents reforms of Spanish Penal Code.Keywords: Penalties, preventive measures, incapacitation, indeterminate sentences, preventive detention, probation, law and order, predictions of dangerousness.

This article deals with the development of
legal framework for Russia-EU relations in
2010. The author analyses the preparation of
the new basic agreement, the development of
sectoral EU-Russia agreements, and soft law
amendments, as well as relevant regulations of
the European Union and Russian law. The
article reviews current initiatives and approaches
of the Parties in the legal regulation of
the "Partnership for modernisation".

Five years ago, the term 'public interest law' had not been coined. Today a public interest bar exists and its role within the legal profession is significant enough to warrant an audit. Public interest law is the newest addition to those fields of law in which legal services are provided to those who are disadvantaged or whose interests are so diffuse that they are outside the normal marketplace for legal services. These areas of law have in common a need for some kind of subsidy - whether from the government private philanthropy, or the legal profession itself. Civil rights law, civil liberties law, and poverty law are now reasonably well understood areas of practice. The constituencies they represent have grown accustomed to seeking redress through the courts and have even developed a rather sophisticated understanding of the potential and the limitations of the judicial process. ; peer-reviewed