Suchergebnisse

Problem setting. When the defining word «legal» is added to the concept of «nihilism», new meanings arise, which requires checking how correctly this phrase is used in legal sciences. To preserve statehood, it is important to understand the essence and genesis of legal nihilism. Recent research and publications analysis. Despite the presence of attention to this important problem, both in the domestic and foreign literature devoted to the problems of law, there is still enough uncertainty in understanding the essence and causes of legal nihilism, which requires clarification and correction. Paper objective. It is necessary to clarify the meaning of the concept of «legal nihilism» by comparing this phenomenon with various forms of manifestation and thereby concretize its essence and origins. This will allow, in turn, determining the possibilities of overcoming it. Paper main body. The article actualizes the problem of the conceptual apparatus of legal sciences, which is associated with the vagueness and ambiguity of some concepts, including the concepts of «natural law» and «law». Ambiguity of the concept of law both as a goal and as a tool can become a source of legal conflicts. By clarifying this concept, it is possible to come to a deeper understanding of the concept of «legal nihilism», which is important for the field of law. The analysis of types of legal nihilism leads to the conclusion that it is necessary to distinguish between natural law and law, recognizing the primary role of human rights and the instrumental role of law. Two non-mutually exclusive opportunities to avoid nihilism associated with the education of citizens of legal consciousness are considered. The first is related to the education of respect for universal human values and their acceptance. Submission to the moral law, in theory, should prevent the violation of legal boundaries in the action of the subject. In the second case, this is a pragmatic way of bringing to the attention of citizens information about the inevitability of punishment. As a result, the conviction is formed that it is more profitable to comply with laws than not to comply, especially since being in the legal field ensures stability and security. The presence of prerequisites for the effective implementation of these opportunities in the modern world is analyzed. At the same time, modern realities were taken into account, for example, such as the processes of globalization and the factor of postmodernism. Conclusions of the research. The reason for legal nihilism is violations in the development and application of legislative acts associated with a complex crisis affecting the social, economic, political and legal spheres. All calls for the education of legal consciousness will be declarative in nature without eliminating the objective reasons leading to its distortion. ; В статье акцентируется внимание на не всегда корректном использовании терминологии в литературе, посвященной проблемам права, что связано с расплывчатостью и многозначностью некоторых понятий. На этом основании уточняется значение понятия «правовой нигилизм», относимого к сфере правосознания. Обусловлена необходимость различать сущность и причины данного негативного явления, что облегчает поиск подходов к его преодолению. Проанализированы основные возможности формирования правового сознания. Выяснено, что эффективное решение данная проблема может иметь при условии анализа целого комплекса объективных причин, в основном политического и экономического характера. ; У статті акцентується увага на не завжди коректному використанні термінології в літературі, присвяченій проблемам права, що пов'язано з розпливчастістю і багатозначністю деяких понять. На цій підставі уточнюється значення поняття «правовий нігілізм», яке відносять до сфери правосвідомості. Обумовлена необхідність розрізняти сутність і причини даного негативного явища, що полегшує пошук підходів до його подолання. Проаналізовані основні можливості формування правової свідомості. З'ясовано, що ефективне вирішення дана проблема може мати тільки при умові аналізу цілого комплексу об'єктивних причин, в основному політичного та економічного характеру.

Problem setting. When the defining word «legal» is added to the concept of «nihilism», new meanings arise, which requires checking how correctly this phrase is used in legal sciences. To preserve statehood, it is important to understand the essence and genesis of legal nihilism. Recent research and publications analysis. Despite the presence of attention to this important problem, both in the domestic and foreign literature devoted to the problems of law, there is still enough uncertainty in understanding the essence and causes of legal nihilism, which requires clarification and correction. Paper objective. It is necessary to clarify the meaning of the concept of «legal nihilism» by comparing this phenomenon with various forms of manifestation and thereby concretize its essence and origins. This will allow, in turn, determining the possibilities of overcoming it. Paper main body. The article actualizes the problem of the conceptual apparatus of legal sciences, which is associated with the vagueness and ambiguity of some concepts, including the concepts of «natural law» and «law». Ambiguity of the concept of law both as a goal and as a tool can become a source of legal conflicts. By clarifying this concept, it is possible to come to a deeper understanding of the concept of «legal nihilism», which is important for the field of law. The analysis of types of legal nihilism leads to the conclusion that it is necessary to distinguish between natural law and law, recognizing the primary role of human rights and the instrumental role of law. Two non-mutually exclusive opportunities to avoid nihilism associated with the education of citizens of legal consciousness are considered. The first is related to the education of respect for universal human values and their acceptance. Submission to the moral law, in theory, should prevent the violation of legal boundaries in the action of the subject. In the second case, this is a pragmatic way of bringing to the attention of citizens information about the inevitability of punishment. As a result, the conviction is formed that it is more profitable to comply with laws than not to comply, especially since being in the legal field ensures stability and security. The presence of prerequisites for the effective implementation of these opportunities in the modern world is analyzed. At the same time, modern realities were taken into account, for example, such as the processes of globalization and the factor of postmodernism. Conclusions of the research. The reason for legal nihilism is violations in the development and application of legislative acts associated with a complex crisis affecting the social, economic, political and legal spheres. All calls for the education of legal consciousness will be declarative in nature without eliminating the objective reasons leading to its distortion. ; В статье акцентируется внимание на не всегда корректном использовании терминологии в литературе, посвященной проблемам права, что связано с расплывчатостью и многозначностью некоторых понятий. На этом основании уточняется значение понятия «правовой нигилизм», относимого к сфере правосознания. Обусловлена необходимость различать сущность и причины данного негативного явления, что облегчает поиск подходов к его преодолению. Проанализированы основные возможности формирования правового сознания. Выяснено, что эффективное решение данная проблема может иметь при условии анализа целого комплекса объективных причин, в основном политического и экономического характера. ; У статті акцентується увага на не завжди коректному використанні термінології в літературі, присвяченій проблемам права, що пов'язано з розпливчастістю і багатозначністю деяких понять. На цій підставі уточнюється значення поняття «правовий нігілізм», яке відносять до сфери правосвідомості. Обумовлена необхідність розрізняти сутність і причини даного негативного явища, що полегшує пошук підходів до його подолання. Проаналізовані основні можливості формування правової свідомості. З'ясовано, що ефективне вирішення дана проблема може мати тільки при умові аналізу цілого комплексу об'єктивних причин, в основному політичного та економічного характеру.

Narcotics abuse is a crime that violates the rule of law, which can threaten the safety of both the physical and the soul of the user. As we know, narcotics abuse is not only for civilians, but in reality, TNI personnel are also involved in narcotics abuse. The TNI is a state apparatus whose duty is to guard, protect, maintain security and safeguard the sovereignty of the State. The imposition of basic criminal sanctions for TNI personnel for narcotics abuse refers to Law Number 35 of 2009 Article 127 paragraph 1 which states that people who abuse narcotics class I for themselves are sentenced to a maximum imprisonment of 4 years. However, Article 6 of the Military Criminal Law (KUHPM) provides additional types of punishment, namely dismissal from military service, demotion and revocation of certain rights. In this thesis, the formulation of the problem is how the judge's consideration in imposing a relatively light sentence for narcotics abuse on TNI personnel (Military Court Decision Case Number 49-K/PM.I-01/AD/IV/2019) and how the author's analysis is based on ( Military Court Decision Case Number 49-K/PM.I-01/AD/IV/2019). The research method used in this thesis is normative sourced from legislation. Based on the decision of the Military Court Judge I-01 Banda Aceh that narcotics abuse against TNI personnel is punishable by 2 years in prison. In addition, additional criminal sanctions were imposed, namely dismissal from the Military Service. The basis of the judge's consideration in reducing the defendant's sanctions on the basis of the defendant's level of guilt, the defendant admits his actions openly, the defendant is the breadwinner of the family, has never been sentenced or is a recidivist, is polite in front of the trial, has regrets and promises not to repeat it. For law enforcers, especially military judges, in imposing imprisonment sanctions, they must be in accordance with the law.

The article is focused on the analysis of the status of legal regulation of pharmaceutical relations in Ukraine. It has been stated that pharmaceutical law is a new entity in the legal system of Ukraine, the subject matter's boundaries of which are being formed, standing out of other branches of law. Pharmaceutical law being a complex branch of law, regulates various groups of social relations, which are united by the pharmacy. It has been emphasized that a significant number of current bylaws indicates a satisfactory status of legal regulation of the medicinal products' circulation, but complicates the understanding of law and the application of uniform regulatory practice by the relevant entities. It has been emphasized that there is a lack of special documents among the current regulatory acts aimed at minimizing corruption risks related to the medicinal products' circulation in Ukraine, as well as to prevent the influence of pharmaceutical market entities on lobbying for inclusion of their pharmaceutical products in the registers and lists of medicinal products that are subjects to reimbursement. It has been noted that there are currently processes in Ukraine aimed at strengthening the effectiveness of administrative and legal regulation of public relations in the pharmacy. The key areas of qualitative changes are attempts to regulate relations within the forensic pharmacy, the circulation of generic medicinal products and the reimbursement mechanism. The author has indicated insufficient legal regulation of the status of biologically active additives, generic medicinal products and anti-corruption mechanisms in the field of medicinal products. It has been clarified that there is no normative enshrinement of a number of international terms in the national pharmaceutical legislation. The necessity of adaptation of the legislation of Ukraine to international norms within the pharmacy has been proved. It has been established that, despite the positive tendencies, the status of legal regulation of relations in ...

In the late eighteenth century it was commonplace the need for a general theory of creation and establishment of laws that would destroy the anarchic previous system, the general theory that began to be called "science of legislation." Rationalism aimed at the unification of law, there is the "legal positivism" which consists in transforming the principies of positive law provisions in rules. Thus presented the "Consolidation" as a system for conducting laws that present a certain homogeneity among themselves according to the subject matter. The spread of the Napoleonic Civil Code in Europe raised voices of opposition to the technique with which the codes were made. This raises the Historical School of Law in reaction to the rationalist natural law and the codification of law advocated by the School of Exegesis from France. The debate came to the Spanish Parliament, making not only lawyers but also the politicians line up at either school. ; A finales del siglo XVIII ya era un lugar común la necesidad de una teoría general de creación yfijación de las leyes que acabase con el anárquico sistema anterior, teoría general que comenzó a llamarse "ciencia de la legislación7'. Del racionalismo tendente a la unificación jurídica, surge el "positivismo jurídico" que consiste en transformar los principios en preceptos de Derecho positivo, en normas. Se muestra así la "Codificación" como sistema de actuación para realizar leyes que presenten una cierta homogeneidad entre sí en función de la materia que regulen. La difusión de Código civil napoleónico levantó en Europa voces de rechazo a la técnica con que los Códigos se realizaban. Surge así la Escuela Histórica del Derecho como reacción al iusnaturalismo racionalista y la codificación del Derecho preconizado por la Escuela de la Exégesis desde Francia. El debate llegó al Parlamento español, haciendo que no sólo los juristas sino también los políticos se alineasen en una u otra Escuela.

This book offers a meditation on global justice and international political and legal theory. The author assesses positions in the current debate over the moral nature and limits of sovereignty. He also evaluates the normative role sovereignty ought to play in the practical deliberations of states. The discussion moves from theory to practice. Coverage starts with a conceptual analysis and moral critique. It then goes on to consider specific issues. These include global climate change, secession and self-determination, human rights, global distributive justice, and immigration. Readers will learn how states ought to deliberate about and respond to these important topics. They will also discover potential institutional structures better suited to resolving these issues while also respecting state sovereignty. In working through each specific challenge, the author provides insight into how we ought to think about challenges facing the international community and the potential for properly constructed institutions to function as solutions. These analyses also provide a valuable critical lens to assess the actions (and omissions) of our leaders. In the end, the book argues that domestic governments and regional bodies should be responsible for implementing the chosen course of action. This would provide a basis for holding political leaders more accountable.

This book outlines how the application of the arm?s length principle should be reconsidered in light of the initiative of the OECD and G20 to counter tax base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS). The arm?s length principle embedded in article 9 of the OECD Model is not an anti-avoidance rule and has been misidentified as the primary tool for tackling abusive practices. Transfer pricing analysis, commonly understood as examining economic substance, in reality examines whether related parties have the functional and financial capacity to perform the contracts they have entered into