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Physical activity is very important for early childhood, especially outdoor activities that add a lot of new experiences. This study aims to check the relationship of children's outdoor activities and parenting styles and children's social skills. The participants are 125 parents of early childhood who attend kindergarten. The research method is a descriptive study using the relational screening model. The results showed that there was a relationship between outside play and parenting style on the social skills of children in their childhood. Democratic parenting styles are found to promote children's social skills, while authoritative parenting styles have a negative correlation with interpersonal skills, the ability to express verbally, self-control, listening skills, emotional management and adaptation to change. In the sub-dimensions of anger management and adaptation to changing skills is a significant difference between authoritative parenting styles and not permissive parenting with children's social skills. Keywords: Early Childhood Social skills, Outdoor Activities, Parenting Styles Reference: Azlina, W., & S., Z. A. (2012). A Pilot Study: The Impact of Outdoor Play Spaces on Kindergarten Children. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 38(December 2010), 275–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.349 Bento, G., & Dias, G. (2017). The importance of outdoor play for young children's healthy development. Porto Biomedical Journal, 2(5), 157–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbj.2017.03.003 Beyer, K., Bizub, J., Szabo, A., Heller, B., Kistner, A., Shawgo, E., & Zetts, C. (2015). Development and validation of the attitudes toward outdoor play scales for children. Social Science and Medicine, 133, 253–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.10.033 Boxberger, K., & Reimers, A. K. (2019). Parental correlates of outdoor play in boys and girls aged 0 to 12—A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020190 Coleman, W. L., & Lindsay, R. L. (1992). Interpersonal disabilities: Social skill deficits in older children and adolescents: Their description, assessment, and management. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 39(3), 551–567. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-3955(16)38344-4 Cui, M., Janhonen-Abruquah, H., Darling, C. A., Carlos Chavez, F. L., & Palojoki, P. (2019). Helicopter Parenting and Young Adults' Well-Being: A Comparison Between United States and Finland. Cross-Cultural Research, 53(4), 410–427. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397118802253 Fjørtoft, I., & Sageie, J. (2000). The natural environment as a playground for children. Landscape description and analyses of a natural playscape. Landscape and Urban Planning, 48(1–2), 83–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(00)00045-1 Ghanbari-Azarneir, S., Anbari, S., Hosseini, S.-B., & Yazdanfar, S.-A. (2015). Identification of Child-friendly Environments in Poor Neighborhoods. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 201(February), 19–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.08.114 Giedd, J. N. (2012). The Digital Revolution and Adolescent Brain Evolution. Journal of Adolescent Health, 51(2), 101–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.06.002 Hinkley, T., Brown, H., Carson, V., & Teychenne, M. (2018). Cross sectional associations of screen time and outdoor play with social skills in preschool children. PLoS ONE, 13(4), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1371 Johnson, J. E., & Christie, J. F. (2009). Play and digital media. Computers in the Schools, 26(4), 284–289. https://doi.org/10.1080/07380560903360202 Junot, A., Paquet, Y., & Martin-Krumm, C. (2017). Passion for outdoor activities and environmental behaviors: A look at emotions related to passionate activities. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 53, 177–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2017.07.011 Kemple, K. M., Oh, J. H., Kenney, E., & Smith-Bonahue, T. (2016). The Power of Outdoor Play and Play in Natural Environments. Childhood Education, 92(6), 446–454. https://doi.org/10.1080/00094056.2016.1251793 Kol, S. (2016). The Effects of the Parenting Styles on Social Skills of Children Aged 5-6. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 4(2), 49–58. Kozina, Z., Repko, O., Kozin, S., Kostyrko, A., Yermakova, T., & Goncharenko, V. (2016). Motor skills formation technique in 6 to 7-year-old children based on their psychological and physical features (Rock climbing as an example). Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 16(3), 866–874. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2016.03137 Larson, L. R., Szczytko, R., Bowers, E. P., Stephens, L. E., Stevenson, K. T., & Floyd, M. F. (2019). Outdoor Time, Screen Time, and Connection to Nature: Troubling Trends Among Rural Youth? Environment and Behavior, 51(8), 966–991. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916518806686 Lindsey, G., Maraj, M., & Kuan, S. C. (2001). Access, Equity, and Urban Greenways: An Exploratory Investigation. Professional Geographer, 53(3), 332–346. https://doi.org/10.1111/0033-0124.00288 Louv, R. (2008). Last child in the woods: Saving our children from nature-deficit disorder. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books. Maynard, T., & Waters, J. (2007). Learning in the outdoor environment: A missed opportunity? Early Years, 27(3), 255–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/09575140701594400 Moreland, A. D., & McRae-Clark, A. (2018). Parenting outcomes of parenting interventions in integrated substance-use treatment programs: A systematic review. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 89(August 2017), 52–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2018.03.005 Moriguchi, Y., Zelazo, P. D., & Chevalier, N. (2016). Development of Executive Function During Childhood. https://doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88919-800-9 Mullenbach, L. E., Andrejewski, R. G., & Mowen, A. J. (2019). Connecting children to nature through residential outdoor environmental education. Environmental Education Research, 25(3), 365–374. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2018.1458215 Norðdahl, K., & Einarsdóttir, J. (2015). Children's views and preferences regarding their outdoor environment. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 15(2), 152–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/14729679.2014.896746 Pinquart, M. (2016). Associations of Parenting Styles and Dimensions with Academic Achievement in Children and Adolescents: A Meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 28(3), 475–493. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-015-9338-y Riany, Y. E., Cuskelly, M., & Meredith, P. (2016). Cultural Beliefs about Autism in Indonesia. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 63(6), 623–640. https://doi.org/10.1080/1034912X.2016.1142069 Riany, Y. E., Meredith, P., & Cuskelly, M. (2017). Understanding the Influence of Traditional Cultural Values on Indonesian Parenting. Marriage and Family Review, 53(3), 207–226. https://doi.org/10.1080/01494929.2016.1157561 Saltali, N. D., & Arslan, E. (2012). Parent ' s Attitudes as a Predictor of Preschoolers ' Social Competence and Introverted Behavior. Elementary Education Online, 11(3), 729–737. Schoeppe, S., Vandelanotte, C., Bere, E., Lien, N., Verloigne, M., Kovács, É., … Van Lippevelde, W. (2017). The influence of parental modelling on children's physical activity and screen time: Does it differ by gender? European Journal of Public Health, 27(1), 152–157. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckw182 Shi, Y. (2017). Explore Children's Outdoor Play Spaces of Community Areas in High-density Cities in China: Wuhan as an Example. Procedia Engineering, 198(September 2016), 654–682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.07.118 Strasburger, V. C., Jordan, A. B., & Donnerstein, E. (2012). Children, Adolescents, and the Media:. Health Effects. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 59(3), 533–587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2012.03.025 Victoria J. Rideout, Foehr, M. A. U. G., & Roberts, D. F. (2010). GENERATION M2 Media in the Lives of 8- to 18-Year-Olds. In Theresa Boston (Ed.), Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Boston: Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Wang, S. hua, Zhang, Y., & Baillargeon, R. (2016). Young infants view physically possible support events as unexpected: New evidence for rule learning. Cognition, 157, 100–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2016.08.021 Waters, J., & Rekers, A. (2019). Young Children ' s Outdoor Play-Based Learning. 1–7. Webster-Stratton, C., Reid, J., & Hammond, M. (2001). Social skills and problem-solving training for children with early-onset conduct problems: Who benefits? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 42(7), 943–952. Retrieved from http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=reference&D=emed5&NEWS=N&AN=2001380196 Wilkie, H. J., Standage, M., Gillison, F. B., Cumming, S. P., & Katzmarzyk, P. T. (2018). The home electronic media environment and parental safety concerns: relationships with outdoor time after school and over the weekend among 9-11 year old children. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 456. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5382-0 Zajenkowska, A., Jankowski, K. S., Lawrence, C., & Zajenkowski, M. (2013). Personality and individual differences in responses to aggression triggering events among prisoners and non-prisoners. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(8), 947–951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.467

1. The Political Economy of Africa: Connecting the Past to the Present and Future of Development in Africa -- Part I Historical and Theoretical Foundations of African Political Economy -- 2. Left, Right and Centre: On Regrounding a Progressive Political Economy of Africa for the Twenty-First Century -- 3. Four Journeys of Capital and Their Consequences for Africa -- 4. History of Racial Capitalism in Africa: Violence, Ideology, and Practice -- 5. African Political Economy and Its Transformation into Capitalism -- 6. The Political Economy of Africa -- 7. Streets and Boardrooms as Hegemonic Spaces in Shaping Political Economy in Africa -- 8. Contextualizing the State Structure Requisite for Africa's Development -- Part II African Political Economy Thinkers -- 9. Kwame Nkrumah's Political Economy of Africa -- 10. Thomas Sankara and a Political Economy of Happiness -- 11. The Political Economy of Claude Ake -- 12. A Historical Political Economy Approach to Africa's Economic Development: A Critique of Thandika Mkandawire's Interests and Incentives, Ideas, and Institutions -- 13. Amilcar Cabral, the Theory as a Weapon of the Oppressed and Africa's Predicament Today -- 14. Adebayo Adedeji: Africa's Foremost Prophet of Regional Integration -- 15. Tracing Moyo's Intellectual Footprint on Land and Agrarian Questions in the Global South -- 16. Thabo Mbeki: The Formation of a Philosopher of Liberation -- 17. The Political Economy of the African Crisis Through the Lenses of Bade Onimode -- Part III The State and the Political Economy of Development in Africa -- 18. Developmental State and the Political Economy of Local Government in Africa: A Case Study of South Africa -- 19. Circuits of Production and Channels of State: Pastoralists and the State in the Northern Frontier District of Kenya (1910–1958) -- 20. The Political Economy of Globalization and Employment Returns to Youth in Uganda -- 21. Neoliberalism, Economic Crisis, and Domestic Coffee Marketing in Tanzania -- 22. Analysis of Community-Driven Human Security Interventions in Africa: The Case of the Northern Region of Ghana -- 23. A Political Economy of Regulatory Policy: The Case of 'Illegal' Small-Scale Mining in Ghana -- 24. Fertilizer Policy, Governance, and Agricultural Transformation in Nigeria: A Review of Political Economy from Historical Perspectives -- 25. Deindustrialization and Entrepreneur Dynamism: An Assessment of the Replacement of Industrial Clusters with Event Centers in Lagos, Nigeria -- Part IV Political Economy of Reforms in Africa -- 26. Economic Reforms in Africa: A Critical Appraisal -- 27. African Development Strategies: Whither NEPAD? -- 28. The Global Financial Crisis and the African Economy -- 29. Impact of Public Debt and Governance on Economic Growth in Selected Sub-Saharan African Countries -- 30. China's Development Finance to Africa and the Spectre of Debt Distress -- 31. Euro-Africa Relations and Development in a Multi-Polar World: Nigeria and South Africa in Comparative Perspectives -- 32. Engendering Development: Any Lessons for Africa from the BRICS Countries? -- 33. Developmental State and Development Alternatives: Lessons from Cuba -- 34. The State, Resources and Developmental Prospects in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Part V Sectoral Approaches to Africa Political Economy -- 35. Sectoral Approaches to African Political Economy -- 36. Natural Resources and African Economies: Asset or Liability? -- 37. Natural Resources and African Economies: Turning Liability to Asset -- 38. Natural Resource Abundance: A Hidden Drag on Africa's Development? -- 39. The Question of Gender and Human Security in Africa's Extractive Industries -- 40. The Political Economy of Industrialization in Africa -- 41. Industrialization in Africa in the Era of Globalization: Challenges, Opportunities and Prospects with a Focus on Manufacturing -- 42. A Critical Appraisal of Foreign Direct Investment in Africa: The Political Economy Approach -- 43. The Political Economy of Micro-Credit in Africa -- 44. Accounting for Choices and Consequences: Examining the Political Economy of Social Policy in Africa -- 45. Public Health and Political Economy of Development in Africa -- 46. "Afro-Eco-Entrepreneurship" Development in Africa: Utilizing Green Culture Advocacy as a Synthesis for Political-Ecological Justice Activism -- Part VI Security and Political Economy of Africa -- 47. Counting Lives: Colonial Institutions and Africa's Prevailing Conflicts -- 48. The Political Economy of Terrorism and Counter-terrorism in Twenty-First-Century Africa: A Critical Evaluation -- 49. The Political Economy of External Intervention in Africa's Security -- 50. The Political Economy of Insecurity in Africa: Focus on North East, Nigeria -- 51. Mediating Nation-Building in Post-colonial Africa: Addressing the Security and Development Nexus on the Continent -- Part VII Regional Integration and Africa Political Economy -- 52. The Languages and Grammar of Regionalism -- 53. Regional Integration and Challenges of Implementation in Africa: Some Missing Gaps -- 54. African Regional Integration and Pan-Africanism: The Case of African Migrants' Welfare in Africa -- 55. The Political Economy of State-Sponsored Repatriation of Economic Migrants in Africa -- 56. Southern Africa's Regionalism Driven by Realism -- 57. Development Without Borders? Informal Cross-Border Trade in Africa -- 58. The Relevance of the European Union Integration Experience to the African Union's Integration Process.

In the coming decades, the general public will be required ever more often to understand complex environmental issues, evaluate proposed environmental plans, and understand how individual decisions affect the environment at local to global scales. Thus it is of fundamental importance to ensure that higher quality education about these ecological issues raises the environmental literacy of the general public. In order to achieve this, teachers need to be trained as well as classroom practice enhanced. This volume focuses on the integration of environmental education into science teacher education. The book begins by providing readers with foundational knowledge of environmental education as it applies to the discipline of science education. It relates the historical and philosophical underpinnings of EE, as well as current trends in the subject that relate to science teacher education. Later chapters examine the pedagogical practices of environmental education in the context of science teacher education. Case studies of environmental education teaching and learning strategies in science teacher education, and instructional practices in K-12 science classrooms, are included. This book shares knowledge and ideas about environmental education pedagogy and serves as a reliable guide for both science teacher educators and K-12 science educators who wish to insert environmental education into science teacher education. Coverage includes everything from the methods employed in summer camps to the use of podcasting as a pedagogical aid. Studies have shown that schools that do manage to incorporate EE into their teaching programs demonstrate significant growth in student achievement as well as improved student behavior. This text argues that the multidisciplinary nature of environmental education itself requires problem-solving, critical thinking and literacy skills that benefit students` work right across the curriculum. TOC:Preface Alec M. Bodzin, Beth Shiner Klein, and Starlin Weaver PART I. INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION Chapter 1. The History and Philosophy of Environmental Education Robert L. Carter and Bora Simmons Chapter 2. Professional Preparation for Science Teachers in Environmental Education James T. McDonald and Lynn A. Dominguez Chapter 3. Approaches to Environmental Education Austin A. Winther, Kim Cleary Sadler, and Gerry Saunders Chapter 4. Environmental Education Within the Early Childhood Linda Plevyak and Amy Mayfield Chapter 5. Environmental Education Service-Learning in Science Teacher Education Teddie Phillipson-Mower and April Dean Adams Chapter 6. Beyond terra firma: Bringing Ocean and Aquatic Sciences to Environmental and Science Teacher Education Diana L. Payne and Timothy D. Zimmerman PART II. ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION PEDAGOGY Section 1: Outdoor Learning and Place-Based Environments Chapter 7. Promoting the Use of Outdoor Learning Spaces by K-12 Inservice Science Teachers Through an Outdoor Professional Development Experience Mark A. Bloom, Molly Holden, April T. Sawey, and Molly H. Weinburgh Chapter 8. Integrating Environmental Education Field Trip Pedagogy Into Science Teacher Preparation Bryan Rebar and Larry G. Enochs Chapter 9. "Eeew! There`s Dew On My Toes": Common Characteristics of Preservice Elementary Teacher Learning in Environmental Education and Instructional Strategies for Science Teacher Educators J. William Hug Chapter 10. Name That Plant! Overcoming Plant Blindness and Developing a Sense of Place Using Science and Environmental Education Jennifer Kreps Frisch, Matthew M. Unwin, and Gerald W. Saunders Chapter 11. Place-Based Inquiry: Advancing Environmental Education in Science Teacher Preparation Somnath Sarkar and Richard Frazier Chapter 12. Summer Methods in Summer Camps: Teaching Projects WILD, WET, and Learning Tree at an Outdoor Environmental Education Center Charles J. Eick, Doyle, E. Keasal, Karni Perez, and Sarah Carrier Chapter 13. Teachers Connecting Urban Students to Their Environment Sherri L. Brown, Nikki L. Votaw, and Thomas R. Tretter Section 2: Instructional Strategies Chapter 14. Exploring Preservice Teachers` Mental Models of the Environment Christine Moseley, Blanche Desjean-Perrotta, Courtney Crim Chapter 15. Pedagogy, Environmental Education, and Context: Promoting Knowledge Through Concept Mapping Barbara A Austin and Nina Schmidt Chapter 16. Unraveling the Scientific, Social, Political and Economic Dimensions of Environmental Issues Through Role-Playing Simulations James G. MaKinster Chapter 17. Exploring Environmental Education Through Eco-feminism: Narratives of Embodiment of Science M.E. Spencer and Sherry E. Nichols Chapter 18. The Value of Non-formal Environmental Education-Based Professional Development in Preservice Science Teacher Preparation Tamara E. Peffer and Alec M. Bodzin Chapter 19. Using Environmental Education Project Curricula with Elementary Preservice Teachers Adele C. Schepige, Patricia D. Morrell, Cindi Smith-Walters, Kim Cleary Sadler, Miriam Munck, and Donna Rainboth Section 3: Technology Chapter 20. Situated Learning in Environmental Education: Using Geospatial Technologies for Preservice Secondary Teachers Rita A. Hagevik, Harriett S. Stubbs, and Diane C. Whitaker Chapter 21. Using Podcasting to Address Nature-Deficit Disorder Beth Shiner Klein and Starlin D. Weaver Chapter 22. Integrating Web-based Activities and Site-based Experiences to Investigate Environmental Issues Alec M. Bodzin

Milan Tolić (Split, 1. rujna 1899. – 20. studenoga 1990.) splitski je slikar, scenograf, pedagog i karikaturist čiji opus karikatura još nije dovoljno istražen. U članku se analizira album Tolićevih karikatura Osijek u karikaturi tiskan 1940. godine u Građanskoj tiskari u Osijeku na temelju originalnih slikarovih crteža. Tolićev je album zbirka crteža u kojoj su razvrstani u skupine: glumci, odvjetnici, liječnici, članovi Trgovačke komore, profesori, industrijalci, trgovci, obrtnici, policajci, gradski činovnici, gostioničari i bankari. Ukupno tristo lica gleda nas sa 187 stranica u petnaest skupnih i dvjesto dvadeset i osam pojedinačnih karikatura. Album Tolićevih crteža donosi karikature pretežno rađene perom te u manjoj mjeri olovkom i tušem. S tehničke strane sve su karikature izvedene na sličan način – Tolićev crtež u albumu jednostavan je, prepoznatljiv i čitljiv. Autor se predstavlja kao siguran crtač i vješt opservator koji u čistoj linearnoj tvorbi vješto grafički bilježi lakim ritmom i sumarnim zatvaranjem linija figure u pokretu. Obrisna linija crteža teče u dužim neprekinutim linijama, a strukturalna ponegdje u svojim kontrastnim odnosima očitava teksture materijala. Likovi su prikazani en face i u profilu, a karikirani likovi često su prikazani u poslu koji po svojoj profesiji obavljaju. U navedenim karikaturama likovni izričaj Tolić gradi najčešće na čitavoj figuri, ali svoju osobnu umjetničku fiksaciju usmjerava na glavu, neiscrpno bogat i zanimljiv likovni sadržaj, koji deformira, korigira i mijenja dok ne ustanovi što najbolje odgovara karakteru prikazanih modela. Tako se ironija izražena naglašenom likovnom gestom ne zaustavlja samo na vanjštini, nego i u emocionalnoj komunikaciji premda su likovi u svojoj deformiranoj potenciranosti ponajprije fizički karakterizirani. Kao i u Tolićevu slikarskom opusu, i u Tolićevoj karikaturi (što dolazi do izražaja i u ovom albumu) postoje oscilacije vidljive u likovnoj kvaliteti karikarura. Tolić, britak opservator, u nekim karikaturama postaje ilustrativan, blijed, međutim s obzirom na broj karikatura to je donekle i razumljivo. Skupne karikature u albumu komuniciraju s gledateljstvom raskošnim rječnikom crte, a sve to na smiješnoj i satiričkoj osnovi u komici crte i oblika, ali i duhovitosti gesta i grimasa. Album Osijek u karikaturi zapravo je prikaz Osijeka krajem tridesetih godina dvadesetog stoljeća u njegovim intimnim sferama u relacijama vremena, prostora i ljudi, čime autor uspješno referira osječki politički, društveni i javni život. Tolićeve karikature imponiraju svojim iskrenim laganim humorom koji dobroćudno ismijava karikirane likove. Album Osijek u karikaturi vrijedan je Tolićev prinos našoj likovnoj umjetnosti karikaturalnog izraza. ; Milan Tolić (Split, September 1, 1899 – November 20, 1990) was a painter, stage designer, pedagogue and caricaturist from Split, whose caricature opus has not been studied sufficiently. The paper analyses Tolić's album of caricatures named Osijek in Caricature which was printed in Građanska tiskara in Osijek in 1940 and was based on painter's original drawings. Tolić's album is a collection of drawings categorized into groups: actors, lawyers, doctors, members of the Chamber of Commerce, professors, industrialists, merchants, craftspeople, policeofficers, city clerks, innkeepers and bankers. There are three hundred faces presented on 187 pages in fifteen group and two hundred twenty-eight individual caricatures. Tolić's album of drawings presents mostly caricatures done for the most part in pen, and some were done in pencil and ink. From the technical standpoint all the caricatures were done in a similar manner – Tolić's drawing in the album is recognizable and readable. The author is presented as a skillful artist and keen observer, expertly recording figures in motion in easy rhythm by summarizing the lines of a moving figure. The outline of the drawing runs in longer uninterrupted lines, and the structural lines are sometimes providing texture of materials in their contrasted relationships. The characters are presented full face and in profile, and the caricatural characters are often drawn performing the work typical for their profession. Tolić builds his artistic style mostly on the whole figure, but directs his personal artistic attention to the head, immensely rich and interesting in its artistic content, which he deforms, corrects and changes until he finds the traits which best fit the character of the models drawn. Thus, the irony expressed in the excessive artistic style is not restricted to the outward appearance, but also in an emotional communication, although the persons are primarily presented physically through their deformed excessiveness. The group caricatures in the album communicate to the public through the flourishing dictionary of the line, all built upon a funny and satirical basis in the comedy of line and form, but also in the humor of gestures and grimaces. The album Osijek in Caricature is in fact the presentation of Osijek of the late Thirties of the Twentieth century in its intimate spheres in the relations of time, space and people, whereby the author successfully refers to the political, social and public lives of Osijek. Tolić's caricatures impress by their sincere light-hearted humor, which good-naturedly mock the caricatured characters. The album Osijek in Caricature is a valuable contribution of Milan Tolić to our visual arts of caricatural expression.

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the proceedings for consideration and resolution of ad­ministrative cases concerning the exercise of the right to peaceful assembly, administrative and legal support of the right to peaceful assembly. The study emphasizes the importance of enforcement of court decisions that have entered into force. The changes taking place in Ukrainian society arouse high activity and the desire of people to take a direct part in solving problems that concern their common inter­ests, including the use of the right to peaceful assembly. However, despite the importance of this type of political rights, the constitutional provisions on freedom of as­sembly, assembly, street demonstrations and demonstra­tions, which are still not properly specified in the current legislation, are often limited or even violated. Based on the international experience of regulating the right to peaceful assembly, ways to increase the effectiveness of the mechanism of administrative and legal support of the right to peaceful assembly are proposed, which are to create a domestic mechanism to monitor compliance with international standards of human rights and freedoms. human being, if this or that problem is not solved at the national level. It is proved that even a rather small range of current norms enshrined in legislative acts of various levels, which guarantee the right to peaceful assembly, often show some inconsistency in the content of the out­lined rights, especially from the standpoint of the right to freedom of peaceful assembly. the subject is called a citizen, and civil law - an individual. The necessity of introduction of international standards of ensuring the right to peaceful assembly, first of all the standards of the European community, which is connected with the European integration aspirations of Ukraine, is proved. After all, the implementation of European standards and their observance by the subjects of public administration is one of the preconditions for Ukraine's integration into the European legal space. Since the right to freedom of peaceful assembly cannot be exercised in the absence of corresponding responsibilities imposed on the state by its authorized bodies, the analysis of the Constitution and laws of Ukraine allowed to separate such bodies into the category of subjects of power to ensure the right to peace­ful assembly. In order to improve the situation in the studied area, it is advisable to review the current legislation, which en­sures the implementation of court decisions, to continue reforming public authorities for the effective operation of the judiciary and the protection of citizens' rights. ; Статтю присвячено дослідженню особливостей провадження щодо розгляду та вирішення адміністра­тивних справ щодо реалізації права на мирні зібрання, адміністративно-правового забезпечення права на мир­ні зібрання. Проілюстровано аналіз судових рішень, оскільки законодавець наділив повноваженнями встановлюва­ти обмеження щодо реалізації права на мирні зібрання тільки суд, який може скористатися ними відповідно до Конституції України лише в інтересах національної безпеки і публічного порядку. У дослідженні наголошено на важливості забез­печення права на мирні зібрання та актуальності пи­тання виконання судових рішень у разі відкриття проваджень щодо обмеження права на мирні зібрання, розгляд яких зараховано до компетенції суду. Географічно-політичне місце України у двигу­ні європейських перегонів великої політики диктує не зовсім простий (а подеколи й трагічний) шлях со­ціально-політичного руху соціуму громадян - брати безпосередню участь у вирішенні економічних та соці­альних програм. Ураховуючи процеси становлення держави та три­валого реформування різних державних інституцій, свобода та право громадян на мирні зібрання ставить перед органами влади питання відповідності актив­ності громадян у вирішенні своєї участі на держав­ному та регіональному рівнях, відстоювання своїх інтересів шляхом вираження та донесення поглядів та незгоди до державних та місцевих структур влади. Постає питання законодавчого та практичного регу­лювання такого болісного питання, як відносини вла­ди та суспільства, шляхом урегулювання проведення мирних зібрань та активних («без зброї») акцій впливу на державні установи різного рівня. Спираючись на міжнародний досвід урегулювання права на мирні зібрання, запропоновано шляхи підви­щення ефективності механізму адміністративно-пра­вового забезпечення права на мирні зібрання, які по­лягають у створенні внутрішньодержавного механізму контролю над дотриманням міжнародних стандартів прав та свобод людини, а також розвитку можливо­стей звернення до Європейського суду з прав людини, якщо та чи інша проблема не вирішена на національ­ному рівні. Доведено, що навіть досить невелике коло чинних норм, що закріплені у законодавчих актах різного рівня, які гарантують забезпечення права на мир­ні зібрання, часто виявляють певну неузгодженість у змісті окреслених прав, особливо з позицій суб'єктів права на свободу мирних зібрань: Конституція Укра­їни таким суб'єктом називає громадянина, а цивіль­не законодавство - фізичну особу. Доведено потребу у впровадженні міжнародних стандартів забезпечен­ня права на мирні зібрання, насамперед стандартів європейської спільноти, що пов'язано з євроінтегра- ційними прагненнями України. Адже впровадження європейських стандартів і дотримання їх суб'єктами публічної адміністрації є однією з передумов інтеграції України в європейський правовий простір.

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the proceedings for consideration and resolution of ad­ministrative cases concerning the exercise of the right to peaceful assembly, administrative and legal support of the right to peaceful assembly. The study emphasizes the importance of enforcement of court decisions that have entered into force. The changes taking place in Ukrainian society arouse high activity and the desire of people to take a direct part in solving problems that concern their common inter­ests, including the use of the right to peaceful assembly. However, despite the importance of this type of political rights, the constitutional provisions on freedom of as­sembly, assembly, street demonstrations and demonstra­tions, which are still not properly specified in the current legislation, are often limited or even violated. Based on the international experience of regulating the right to peaceful assembly, ways to increase the effectiveness of the mechanism of administrative and legal support of the right to peaceful assembly are proposed, which are to create a domestic mechanism to monitor compliance with international standards of human rights and freedoms. human being, if this or that problem is not solved at the national level. It is proved that even a rather small range of current norms enshrined in legislative acts of various levels, which guarantee the right to peaceful assembly, often show some inconsistency in the content of the out­lined rights, especially from the standpoint of the right to freedom of peaceful assembly. the subject is called a citizen, and civil law - an individual. The necessity of introduction of international standards of ensuring the right to peaceful assembly, first of all the standards of the European community, which is connected with the European integration aspirations of Ukraine, is proved. After all, the implementation of European standards and their observance by the subjects of public administration is one of the preconditions for Ukraine's integration into the European legal space. Since the right to freedom of peaceful assembly cannot be exercised in the absence of corresponding responsibilities imposed on the state by its authorized bodies, the analysis of the Constitution and laws of Ukraine allowed to separate such bodies into the category of subjects of power to ensure the right to peace­ful assembly. In order to improve the situation in the studied area, it is advisable to review the current legislation, which en­sures the implementation of court decisions, to continue reforming public authorities for the effective operation of the judiciary and the protection of citizens' rights. ; Статтю присвячено дослідженню особливостей провадження щодо розгляду та вирішення адміністра­тивних справ щодо реалізації права на мирні зібрання, адміністративно-правового забезпечення права на мир­ні зібрання. Проілюстровано аналіз судових рішень, оскільки законодавець наділив повноваженнями встановлюва­ти обмеження щодо реалізації права на мирні зібрання тільки суд, який може скористатися ними відповідно до Конституції України лише в інтересах національної безпеки і публічного порядку. У дослідженні наголошено на важливості забез­печення права на мирні зібрання та актуальності пи­тання виконання судових рішень у разі відкриття проваджень щодо обмеження права на мирні зібрання, розгляд яких зараховано до компетенції суду. Географічно-політичне місце України у двигу­ні європейських перегонів великої політики диктує не зовсім простий (а подеколи й трагічний) шлях со­ціально-політичного руху соціуму громадян - брати безпосередню участь у вирішенні економічних та соці­альних програм. Ураховуючи процеси становлення держави та три­валого реформування різних державних інституцій, свобода та право громадян на мирні зібрання ставить перед органами влади питання відповідності актив­ності громадян у вирішенні своєї участі на держав­ному та регіональному рівнях, відстоювання своїх інтересів шляхом вираження та донесення поглядів та незгоди до державних та місцевих структур влади. Постає питання законодавчого та практичного регу­лювання такого болісного питання, як відносини вла­ди та суспільства, шляхом урегулювання проведення мирних зібрань та активних («без зброї») акцій впливу на державні установи різного рівня. Спираючись на міжнародний досвід урегулювання права на мирні зібрання, запропоновано шляхи підви­щення ефективності механізму адміністративно-пра­вового забезпечення права на мирні зібрання, які по­лягають у створенні внутрішньодержавного механізму контролю над дотриманням міжнародних стандартів прав та свобод людини, а також розвитку можливо­стей звернення до Європейського суду з прав людини, якщо та чи інша проблема не вирішена на національ­ному рівні. Доведено, що навіть досить невелике коло чинних норм, що закріплені у законодавчих актах різ­ ного рівня, які гарантують забезпечення права на мир­ні зібрання, часто виявляють певну неузгодженість у змісті окреслених прав, особливо з позицій суб'єктів права на свободу мирних зібрань: Конституція Укра­їни таким суб'єктом називає громадянина, а цивіль­не законодавство - фізичну особу. Доведено потребу у впровадженні міжнародних стандартів забезпечен­ня права на мирні зібрання, насамперед стандартів європейської спільноти, що пов'язано з євроінтегра- ційними прагненнями України. Адже впровадження європейських стандартів і дотримання їх суб'єктами публічної адміністрації є однією з передумов інтеграції України в європейський правовий простір.

The beginning of the XXI century is characterized by a deep crisis of the system of international collective security, among a set of factors caused by the intensification of military-political conflicts of a new type, to identify which use the term "hybrid conflict". The peculiarity of these conflicts is the priority of the use of opponents of a wide range of non-military means of influence - economic, informational, environmental, social, political and others. Ukraine faces the most serious security challenge in all its years of independence and is a party to external aggression. The study reveals the features of theoretical and practical aspects of the formation of the system of national security and effective management in the context of military-political conflict. Comprehensive study of these issues in the field of public policy management to ensure national security. The state and development of the national security system are systematically and in detail analyzed, taking into account the international experience and perspectives of European and Euro-Atlantic choice of Ukraine. It is established that the main purpose of managing the national security system is to integrate the efforts of the individual, society and the state to realize national interests. The concept of "national security" in the context of managing this process is clarified; outlines the use of the term "national security system" through the dialectical unity of the components of this system (man-society-state) in space and time. The most important aspects of the management of the national security system in the context of military-political conflicts are highlighted. The regularities of military-political conflict development in the context of "hybrid" character are characterized. The authors note that one of the main components of the military-political conflict on the territory of Ukraine is the violation of the system of public administration, disorganization of all authorities in order to create complete disorder and despair of the population. ; Початок XXI століття характеризується глибинною кризою системи міжнародної колективної безпеки, серед сукупності чинників викликаною активізацією воєнно-політичних конфліктів нового типу, для ідентифікації яких використовують термін «гібридний конфлікт». Особливістю цих конфліктів є пріоритет використання супротивниками широкого спектру невійськових способів впливу – економічних, інформаційних, екологічних, соціальних, політичних та інших. Україна протистоїть найсерйознішому безпековому виклику за всі роки своєї незалежності та є стороною, що зазнала зовнішньої агресії. В дослідженні виявлено особливості теоретичних та практичних аспектів формування системи національної безпеки та ефективного менеджменту в умовах воєнно-політичного конфлікту. Комплексне дослідження проблематики у сфері управління державною політикою щодо забезпечення національної безпеки. Системно і детально проаналізовано стан і розвиток системи національної безпеки з врахуванням міжнародного досвіду і перспектив європейського та євроатлантичного вибору України. Встановлено, що головною метою управління системою національної безпеки є інтеграція зусиль особи, суспільства, держави для реалізації національних інтересів. З'ясовано поняття «національної безпеки» в контексті управління цим процсом; окреслено використання терміну «система національної безпеки» через діалектичну єдність складових цієї системи (людина-суспільство-держава) в просторі та часі. Виокремлено найбільш важливі аспекти управління системою національної безпеки в умовах воєнно політичних конфліктів. Охарактеризовано закономірності розгортання воєнно-політичного конфлікту в контексті «гібридного» характеру. Авторками зауважено, що одним із основних компонентів воєнно-політичного конфлікту на території України є порушення системи державного управління, дезорганізація діяльності усіх органів влади з метою створення повного безладу та зневіри населення. ; Початок XXI століття характеризується глибинною кризою системи міжнародної колективної безпеки, серед сукупності чинників викликаною активізацією воєнно-політичних конфліктів нового типу, для ідентифікації яких використовують термін «гібридний конфлікт». Особливістю цих конфліктів є пріоритет використання супротивниками широкого спектру невійськових способів впливу – економічних, інформаційних, екологічних, соціальних, політичних та інших. Україна протистоїть найсерйознішому безпековому виклику за всі роки своєї незалежності та є стороною, що зазнала зовнішньої агресії. В дослідженні виявлено особливості теоретичних та практичних аспектів формування системи національної безпеки та ефективного менеджменту в умовах воєнно-політичного конфлікту. Комплексне дослідження проблематики у сфері управління державною політикою щодо забезпечення національної безпеки. Системно і детально проаналізовано стан і розвиток системи національної безпеки з врахуванням міжнародного досвіду і перспектив європейського та євроатлантичного вибору України. Встановлено, що головною метою управління системою національної безпеки є інтеграція зусиль особи, суспільства, держави для реалізації національних інтересів. З'ясовано поняття «національної безпеки» в контексті управління цим процсом; окреслено використання терміну «система національної безпеки» через діалектичну єдність складових цієї системи (людина-суспільство-держава) в просторі та часі. Виокремлено найбільш важливі аспекти управління системою національної безпеки в умовах воєнно політичних конфліктів. Охарактеризовано закономірності розгортання воєнно-політичного конфлікту в контексті «гібридного» характеру. Авторками зауважено, що одним із основних компонентів воєнно-політичного конфлікту на території України є порушення системи державного управління, дезорганізація діяльності усіх органів влади з метою створення повного безладу та зневіри населення.

Each year, a great number of seasonal agricultural workers arrive at the city of Pomán located in Catamarca province, Argentina, to take part in the olive harvest for a period of four months. This activity, that has been promoted by the Industrial Promotion law 22,021 and its amendments, gives rise to a social and productive transformation of the local surroundings during the harvest season. According to some estimations, this represents apopulation growth of about 30% between February and May. This paper discusses what problems the city faces due to the arrival of this itinerant workforce and what kind of environments are built from the relationship between migrants and locals. To answer these questions, the analysis is focused on the migrant residence and the inhabitance of the space; the provision of public services such as health and education; the development of a particular economy; and the building of sociability as a legitimizing source of this type ofmobility. The study is based on qualitative in-depth interviews performed with different local actors and workers during the migration season. Among the main results, we can mention the absence of public policies to sustain mobility processes, the development of a migrant economy at the local level, and the establishment of symbolic events that encourages this itinerant work. ; Durante cuatro meses al año la ciudad de Pomán, provincia de Catamarca -Argentina-, experimenta la llegada de trabajadores migrantes para la cosecha del olivo. La ley Nacionalde Desarrollo Económico Nº 22.021 y su modificatoria 22.702 impulsaron esta actividad transformando los espacios productivos y sociales. Se estima que entre febrero y mayo lapoblación presenta un crecimiento demográfico de alrededor del 30%. Este artículo analiza qué problemas enfrenta la ciudad frente a esta movilidad itinerante y qué tipo de entornos se construyen a partir de la sociabilidad entre los migrantes y los habitantes locales. Para esto se analizan los espacios de la residencia migrante y su forma de habitarlos; laorganización material de la ciudad durante la migración (salud, educación y economía) y la producción de sociabilidad como elemento legitimador de este tipo de movilidad. El trabajo se basa en un estudio cualitativo con entrevistas en profundidad a diferentes actores locales y migrantes durante la época de la migración. Entre los principales resultados se destaca laausencia de políticas públicas para sostener los procesos de movilidad, la producción de una economía migrante a nivel local y la instauración de eventos simbólicos a favor de laestabilidad de esta itinerancia. ; Pendant quatre mois par an, la ville de Pomán, province de Catamarca -Argentine, reçoit des travailleurs migrants pour la récolte des olives. Les lois nationales de développement économique n ° 22.021 et sa modification 22.702 ont favorisé cette activité en transformant les espaces productifs et sociaux. On estime qu'entre février et mai, la croissance démographique est d'environ 30%. L'article analyse les problèmes auxquels la ville est confrontée face à cette mobilité itinérante et quels types d'environnements sont construits à partir de la sociabilité entre migrants et habitants locaux. Pour cela, les espaces de résidence des migrants et leurs façons de les habiter seront analysés; l'organisation matérielle de la ville pendant le séjour des migrants (santé, éducation et économie) et la production de sociabilité comme élément légitimant de ce type de mobilité. Le travail est basé sur une étude qualitative, qui comprend des entretiens en profondeur avec différents acteurs locaux et migrants pendant la période de migration. Parmi les principaux résultats, on peut noter l'absence de politiques publiques pour soutenir les processus de mobilité, la production d'une économie migrante au niveau local et la mise en place d'événements symboliques en faveur de la stabilité de cette itinérance. ; Durante quatro meses por ano, a cidade de Pomán, província de Catamarca - Argentina, experimenta a chegada de trabalhadores migrantes para a colheita da azeitona. A Lei Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico nº 22.021 e sua modificação 22.702 promoveram essa atividade, transformando os espaços produtivos e sociais. Estima-se que entre fevereiro e maio a população apresente um crescimento demográfico de cerca de 30%. Esteartigo analisa quais problemas a cidade enfrenta diante dessa mobilidade itinerante e que tipo de ambiente é construído a partir da sociabilidade entre migrantes e habitantes locais. Para isso, serão analisados os espaços da residência do migrante e sua maneira de habitá-los; a organização material da cidade durante a migração (saúde, educação e economia) e a produção da sociabilidade como elemento legitimador desse tipo de mobilidade. O trabalho baseia-se em um estudo qualitativo com entrevistas aprofundadas com diferentes atores locais e migrantes durante o período de migração. Dentre os principais resultados, destacam-se a ausência de políticas públicas de apoio aos processos de mobilidade, a produção de uma economia migrante em nível local e o estabelecimento de eventos simbólicos em favor da estabilidade desse roaming.

The word "show" has long and firmly established itself in the modern media space and our everyday life. The scientific discourse uses not only constant expressions like show business, but also fairly new ones, including show industry, show politics, show discourse, show civilization, show content, show didactics. All these "doubles" imply the active introduction of show technology into the relevant social-cultural spheres.Most researchers trace the show's historical path from ancient sights, and its biological prerequisites boil down to "social imprinting" — an innate tendency to copy the behavior broadcast by a leader. Let's agree that traditional sights have always shown a form of mass communication, and therefore directly related to the mass consciousness of the participant-viewer.Researchers choose different criteria to define the concept of "show": characteristic features of any spectacle in general, postmodern specificity, communicative component, sociocultural features, ontological dimensions. Such a panorama of approaches testifies not only to the magnitude and versatility of this phenomenon, but also to its deep penetration into all spheres of society. This is due to the show technology mentioned above.Undoubtedly, the leading broadcasting channels are television and the Internet, as they show the highest degree of visualization of retransmitted information. Even those art shows, which are filmed in stage (concert) conditions and are already spectacular in their origin, acquire in their screen embodiment new powerful features of interactivity, emphasized expressiveness.Show-technology, which allows to manipulate the attention of the viewer, involves the temporary distraction of the viewer from the pivotal, main theme due to the shift of emphasis towards minor elements, phenomena, events. Such clique of the show is determined by its structural fragmentation, a peculiar "injection of novelty" from everywhere, a kaleidoscopic impression, a constant violation of "unbreakable" rules. An interesting paradox is observed: in order to keep the viewer's attention, the show must always divert it from the bar to additional, parallel levels, but to do so with an increased degree of expressiveness. Such expressiveness is provided by media resources, using the maximum degree of visualization, outrageousness, sensationalism, simulation. In fact, a media frenzy, boom, information fever is created around people or events that do not attract attention by themselves.A successful, popular show becomes such because it shows the viewer unmet needs — in love, respect, self-esteem, involvement in social-cultural activity, awareness of belonging to a certain social group, self-expression, rest and entertainment, emotional relaxation — and satisfies them.In its highest manifestation, this "viewer orientation" turns into a powerful show-anchoring technology. This psychological term means a conscious or, more often, unconscious, installation that engages a person (the anchor itself), fixing in it a strong conditional reflex connection. In an art show, it is often a forced memorization of certain images or symbols, the repetition of which will cause the person a specific emotional response that the manipulator needs. It is clear that such anchoring makes it possible for the anchor viewer to control it further. Using powerful methods of psychological influence on the audience of the show, such as suggesting, imitating, pressure under the guise of persuasion, show technologies thus become a powerful means of shaping the viewer's worldview and perception, the leverage of manipulating his consciousness and affection.The whole set of show technologies (discussed above and others) in action can be represented as a conditional scheme of the process, the leading feature of which will be increased manipulability at each subsequent stage: information about — popularization — advertising — propaganda — information terror.The global penetration of show technology into almost all spheres of public life that we are witnessing today makes the scientific discourse around the phenomenon of showmanship possible.The fast pace of showmanship and the powerful activation of show production are explained by two interdependent factors: on the one hand, show technologies are aimed at manipulating the viewers and making certain changes in the minds of the communication subjects (through "addicting" the viewer to a particular TV show), on the other — the viewers themselves manipulate the makers of the television product in some way (with their interest, lively interactive participation, high viewing rating), stimulating the continuation of their favorite shows in the coming seasons and creating new ones. Such interdependence leads to the fact that the entertaining and hedonistic functions of the art show gradually lose their primacy, and the stage involves managing the consciousness of the viewers and the multi-vector manipulation of their interests and appraisals, emotions and mood, and in general — the public position. ; В статье рассмотрено экранное художественное шоу в контексте эстетических и коммуникативных приоритетов. Проанализирован научный дискурс понятий «шоу», «шоу-технологии», «шоуизация». Определена высокая степень манипулятивности современного шоу. ; У статті розглянуто екранне мистецьке шоу у контексті естетичних та комунікативних пріоритетів. Проаналізовано науковий дискурс понять «шоу», «шоу-технології», «шоуїзація». Визначено високу міру маніпулятивності сучасного шоу

The word "show" has long and firmly established itself in the modern media space and our everyday life. The scientific discourse uses not only constant expressions like show business, but also fairly new ones, including show industry, show politics, show discourse, show civilization, show content, show didactics. All these "doubles" imply the active introduction of show technology into the relevant social-cultural spheres.Most researchers trace the show's historical path from ancient sights, and its biological prerequisites boil down to "social imprinting" — an innate tendency to copy the behavior broadcast by a leader. Let's agree that traditional sights have always shown a form of mass communication, and therefore directly related to the mass consciousness of the participant-viewer.Researchers choose different criteria to define the concept of "show": characteristic features of any spectacle in general, postmodern specificity, communicative component, sociocultural features, ontological dimensions. Such a panorama of approaches testifies not only to the magnitude and versatility of this phenomenon, but also to its deep penetration into all spheres of society. This is due to the show technology mentioned above.Undoubtedly, the leading broadcasting channels are television and the Internet, as they show the highest degree of visualization of retransmitted information. Even those art shows, which are filmed in stage (concert) conditions and are already spectacular in their origin, acquire in their screen embodiment new powerful features of interactivity, emphasized expressiveness.Show-technology, which allows to manipulate the attention of the viewer, involves the temporary distraction of the viewer from the pivotal, main theme due to the shift of emphasis towards minor elements, phenomena, events. Such clique of the show is determined by its structural fragmentation, a peculiar "injection of novelty" from everywhere, a kaleidoscopic impression, a constant violation of "unbreakable" rules. An interesting paradox is observed: in order to keep the viewer's attention, the show must always divert it from the bar to additional, parallel levels, but to do so with an increased degree of expressiveness. Such expressiveness is provided by media resources, using the maximum degree of visualization, outrageousness, sensationalism, simulation. In fact, a media frenzy, boom, information fever is created around people or events that do not attract attention by themselves.A successful, popular show becomes such because it shows the viewer unmet needs — in love, respect, self-esteem, involvement in social-cultural activity, awareness of belonging to a certain social group, self-expression, rest and entertainment, emotional relaxation — and satisfies them.In its highest manifestation, this "viewer orientation" turns into a powerful show-anchoring technology. This psychological term means a conscious or, more often, unconscious, installation that engages a person (the anchor itself), fixing in it a strong conditional reflex connection. In an art show, it is often a forced memorization of certain images or symbols, the repetition of which will cause the person a specific emotional response that the manipulator needs. It is clear that such anchoring makes it possible for the anchor viewer to control it further. Using powerful methods of psychological influence on the audience of the show, such as suggesting, imitating, pressure under the guise of persuasion, show technologies thus become a powerful means of shaping the viewer's worldview and perception, the leverage of manipulating his consciousness and affection.The whole set of show technologies (discussed above and others) in action can be represented as a conditional scheme of the process, the leading feature of which will be increased manipulability at each subsequent stage: information about — popularization — advertising — propaganda — information terror.The global penetration of show technology into almost all spheres of public life that we are witnessing today makes the scientific discourse around the phenomenon of showmanship possible.The fast pace of showmanship and the powerful activation of show production are explained by two interdependent factors: on the one hand, show technologies are aimed at manipulating the viewers and making certain changes in the minds of the communication subjects (through "addicting" the viewer to a particular TV show), on the other — the viewers themselves manipulate the makers of the television product in some way (with their interest, lively interactive participation, high viewing rating), stimulating the continuation of their favorite shows in the coming seasons and creating new ones. Such interdependence leads to the fact that the entertaining and hedonistic functions of the art show gradually lose their primacy, and the stage involves managing the consciousness of the viewers and the multi-vector manipulation of their interests and appraisals, emotions and mood, and in general — the public position. ; В статье рассмотрено экранное художественное шоу в контексте эстетических и коммуникативных приоритетов. Проанализирован научный дискурс понятий «шоу», «шоу-технологии», «шоуизация». Определена высокая степень манипулятивности современного шоу. ; У статті розглянуто екранне мистецьке шоу у контексті естетичних та комунікативних пріоритетів. Проаналізовано науковий дискурс понять «шоу», «шоу-технології», «шоуїзація». Визначено високу міру маніпулятивності сучасного шоу

Abstrak: Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) adalah program pemerintah yang pada dasarnya untuk penyediaan pendanaan biaya operasi nonpersonalia bagi satuan pendidikan, dengan sasaran semua sekolah SD/SDLB dan SMP/SMPLB/SMPT, termasuk SD-SMP Satu Atap (SATAP) dan Tempat Kegiatan Belajar Mandiri (TKB Mandiri) yang diselenggarakan oleh masyarakat, baik negeri maupun swasta di seluruh provinsi di Indonesia, dana BOS dikeluarkan dalam empat triwulan untuk satu tahun (satu periode), berdasarkan prosedur yang ada dana BOS perlu di kelola secara relevan dan efektif. Dalam pelaksanaan dana BOS, ini dibagi menjadi 8 standar penggunaan atau aliran dana BOS yaitu: Pengembangan Kompetensi Kelulusan, Pengembangan Standar Isi, Pengembangan Standar Proses, Pengembangan Pendidikdan Tenaga Kependidikan, Pengembangan Sarana dan Prasarana Sekolah, Pengembangan Standar Pengelolaan, Pengembangan Standar Pembiayaan, Pengembangan dan Implementasi Sistem Penilaian. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan jenis deskriptif kualitatif. Lokasi penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SDN 44 Mande Kota Bima, Kelurahan Mande, Kecamatan Mpunda, Kota Bima. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari dua yaitu: (a) Data primer atau data utama, dan (b) Data sekunder atau data pendukung. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan maka penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: (1) SDN 44 Mande Kota Bima dalam pengelolaan dana bantuan operasional sekolah (BOS) telah berjalan sesuai dengan petunjuk teknis pengelolaan dana bantuan operasional sekolah (JUKNIS BOS), (2) Faktor Pendukung, Adapun factor pendukung dalam pengelolaan dana bantuan operasional sekolah (BOS) adalah sebagai berikut: (a) Dukungan Pemerintah dengan memberikan petunjuk teknis pengelolaan dana BOS dan sosialisasi tentang tata cara pengelolaan dana bantuan operasional sekolah dari Dinas Pendidikan, (b) Terjalinnya bentuk kerjasama yang baik dari pihak pengelola dana BOS, Komite Sekolah dan para Guru, Pemerintah (Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kota bima), (c) Motivasi yang tinggi dan kinerja yang maksimal untuk mengembangkan kualitas pendidikan, (d) Dukungan dari para guru baik dengan sumbangan pemikiran maupun dengan dukungan tenaga. Sedangkan, Faktor penghambat, Adapun factor penghambat dalam pengelolaan dana bantuan operasional sekolah (BOS) yaitu: (a) Waktu pencairan dana sering mengalami keterlambatan, (b) Anggaran yang diperoleh tidak sebanding dengan kebutuhan sekolah, (c) Sekolah dibatasi dalam melakukan perbaikan berat sehingga sekolah masih mengalami kekurangan ruangan, dan (d) Dana bantuan operasional sekolah belum mampu membiayai seluruh program sekolah secara merata/menyeluruh. Abstract School Operational Assistance (BOS) is a government program that is basically to provide funding for non-personnel operating costs for education units, targeting all SD / SDLB and SMP / SMPLB / SMPT schools, including One-Roof SD-SMP (SATAP) and Independent Learning Activities Sites (TKB Mandiri) organized by the public, both public and private in all provinces in Indonesia, BOS funds are issued in four quarters for one year (one period), based on existing procedures BOS funds need to be managed in a relevant and effective way. In the implementation of BOS funds , this is divided into 8 standards for the use or flow of BOS funds, namely: Development of Graduation Competencies, Development of Content Standards, Development of Process Standards, Development of Teachers and Education Personnel, Development of School Facilities and Infrastructure, Development of Management Standards, Development of Funding Standards, Development and Implementation of Assessment Systems This type of research uses a descriptive type of quality atif. The location of this study was conducted at SDN 44 Mande Kota Bima, Mande Village, Mpunda District, Bima City. data sources in this study consisted of two, namely: (a) Primary data or primary data, and (b) secondary data or supporting data. Based on the results of research and discussion, this study can be concluded as follows: (1) SDN 44 MandeBima City in the management of school operational assistance funds (BOS) has run according to the technical guidelines for managing school operational assistance funds (JUKNIS BOS), (2) Supporting Factors, The supporting factors in managing school operational assistance funds (BOS) are as follows: (a) Support The government by providing technical guidelines on the management of BOS funds and dissemination of procedures for managing school operational assistance funds from the Education Office, (b) Establishing good forms of cooperation from the BOS fund managers, School Committees and Teachers, Government (Education and Culture Office of the City of Bima ), (c) High motivation and maximum performance to develop the quality of education, (d) Support from pa The teacher is good with the contribution of thought and with the support of staff. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors, the inhibiting factors in the management of school operational assistance funds (BOS), namely: (a) Time of disbursement of funds often experience delays, (b) The budget obtained is not proportional to the needs of the school, (c) Schools are limited in making heavy repairs so that schools still lack space, and (d) School operational assistance funds have not been able to fund all school programs equally / thoroughly.

1. When hate meets the web In the climate of generalized hatred that we experience daily, by watching the news or talk shows, reading online newspapers, or scrolling our Facebook timelines, it is essential to question educational programs' actual ability to oppose these shifts. Most importantly, we must start rethinking them, especially given the negative consequences of people's exposure to hostility, rudeness or incivility, both in online and offline spaces. Indeed, as shown by several studies, they amplify the audiences' negative emotions, weaken trust in institutions, increase cynicism and encourage self-defence behaviors, often leading to social isolation. When it comes to young people, who are more fragile and less equipped than other population groups, such risks are even more real. Many countries in Europe have undertaken to implement online device projects aimed at tracking down and detecting violent content, and banning them from social media, in order to stem the growth of hate speech on digital platforms. However, a purely censored approach does not obviously get to the root of the problem. We must question why many users see hate speech or extreme speech as normal, or even desirable; why they have such a large following and generate such online sharing and dissemination mechanisms. In this regard, we must go beyond a purely punitive logic, and pay attention to the granularity of those everyday online practices underlying contemporary digital cultures.This pilot study aims to examine the experiences of young people while surfing the web, and how they interpret these different kinds of hostile behavior on social media or online chats. In this respect, according to Toniolo Institute (2018), 63% of young people between the ages of 18 and 34 have got carried away by online heated discussions and have deliberately used offensive content in social media discussions, in 66% of cases. These data show that violent discourse, harassment practices and bullying are becoming increasingly popular, even among young people. Online resources can further fuel this hostility through exclusionary, discriminatory and derisive conducts, which can foster group identification by being often associated with forms of collective entertainment. Indeed, references to looser social conventions, which are typical of these environments, as well as the possibility to stay anonymous, can accentuate a sense of 'deindividuation'. According to this, people perceive their individual identity as less important than the group identity, consequently disinhibiting their behavior. Also, the compulsive use of smartphones and the affordances of social network platforms contribute to this disinhibition effect, by exacerbating the collapse of spatial-temporal and social contexts, and increasingly blurring the boundaries between public and private. Therefore, on the one hand the socio-technological aspects of new media appear to significantly affect these phenomena; on the other, violent behavior online (including direct activities and sharing violent content) clearly appear as practices that are constitutive of identity and political subjectivity. Within this scenario, also political representatives play a major role. Instead of committing to pacify public opinion, they seem much more interested in riding the wave of dissent, especially through their social accounts, by resorting to hate speech, mocking and bullying practices against opponents and others. Restraint and moderation, which once characterized traditional political rhetoric, have now given way to feelings of hostility and demonization of opponents, aiming to galvanize followers and to instigate anger and social discontent. Indeed, this sharp communication style is intended not just to increase political visibility, due to uncivil messages' ability to engage users (Muddiman, Stroud, 2017). It also bridges the gap with ordinary people, who can identify more easily with such practices and styles, rather than with complex and abstract theoretical-political arguments. Although the best example of this strategy is undoubtedly Trump's use of Twitter, there are some concrete examples in Italy as well, as shown by the social media campaigning for the 2018 general election. Starting from these premises, this work focuses on an important segment of society, consisting of young people who grew up with Internet, in order to analyze their relationship with violent and aggressive online communication, both by their peers and political representatives. The attention is focused on two phenomena that were distinctly studied in academia: cyberbullying by young people and the different forms of incivility by politicians. The goal is to examine the perceptions and meanings attributed by young people to the different types of hostile communication, by assessing the level of acceptability of each of them and its variations, depending on different contexts and actors (interpersonal; online interactions with institutional actors). In the following paragraphs, we will briefly explain the study, and discuss findings and implications.

Introduction. Globalization of the economic space provides a great opportunity for the technological and innovative integration of domestic business entities into the international value chain production chains. However, such processes also carry a number of threats and require close monitoring of the state in part of the ensuring economic security policy in the formation of an intellectual-oriented economy as an effective direction for the public administration implementation. This leads to the development of a state policy of structural change in the direction of building an intellectual-oriented economy.Purpose. The purpose of the article is to justify the state policy of structural changes in the direction of building an intellectual-oriented economy.Methods. In the course of the research, general economic methods of scientific knowledge were used, namely: analysis, induction, deduction, synthesis, etc., and also the system approach was used.Results. As modern forms of globalization in the context of intellectual-oriented economy can distinguish phenomena such as international movement of technology and knowledge-based capital; active development of relations in the field of intellectual property rights, innovative goods and services; strengthening of migration qualifications; international scientific and technical cooperation; creation of research institutions of joint financing, etc. One of the prerequisites for the development of international economic systems is globalization, the objective and all-encompassing nature of which necessitates the study of the impact of this phenomenon on the functioning of national economic systems and individual trends in the development of international economic relations. Building an effective structural policy on the basis of the intellectual economy is to find the optimal balance of national and international interests, as today one of the successful international cooperation key factors is the geopolitical situation and its impact on global markets. Considering the preconditions for strengthening the influence of intellectual potential as an integral component of the development of the economy and the object of structural policy, we must understand the leading role in this process of technology of exchange and dissemination of information. That ICT and other technological innovations that were derived from the first. Among the mechanisms aimed at ensuring structural changes in the direction of the intellectual-oriented economy, it should be noted the need to form an effective innovative mechanism for structuring the national economy, which is a set of certain tools and tools for regulating the scale and intensity of innovation activities, covering a wide range of subjects, and namely: public authorities, scientific and technical and educational institutions (research institutes, institutions of higher education, research universities, scientific parks, technoparks, technopolises, etc.) and subjects of market infrastructure (innovative enterprises, collective investment funds, venture funds, financial and credit institutions etc.). Taking into account the existing structural constraints on establishing the intellectual orientation of the domestic economic system, one can distinguish the following directions of development of an effective innovative mechanism for structuring the national economy: ensuring effective regulatory and legal regulation of innovation activity as a prerequisite for the development of a stable institutional field of the state; forming areas of innovation development at the legislative level, avoiding their formalization; the implementation of an effective foreign trade policy aimed at protecting the interests of domestic entrepreneurs - subjects of foreign economic activity and stimulating the development of export-oriented high-tech industries; intensifying inflow of foreign capital through the use of fiscal stimulus tools; simplifying bureaucratic procedures and creating the proper infrastructure for a full innovation cycle of goods; development of effective approaches to sectoral and regional development policy reform in order to overcome the existing structural dysfunctions and development constraints; promotion of individual entrepreneurial activity of the population and support of small and medium innovative entrepreneurship.Originality. The scientific novelty of this study is that taking into account the precondition of the evolutionary transition from the industrial development of national economies to postindustrial, the necessity of building an intellectual-oriented economy is substantiated, which will be facilitated by the proposed innovative mechanism of structuring the national economy, which, unlike existing ones, takes into account the importance of information and communication technologies for the development of an intellectual-oriented economy and the modern forms of manifestation of globalization in the context of the consideration of the intellectual-oriented economy.Conclusion. The key areas for developing an intellectual-oriented economy are to stimulate structural changes by attracting an innovative mechanism and effective policy to develop intellectual potential. In this case, the key tasks of the state structural policy should be: forming a stable institutional and legal environment, development of economic incentives for innovation business development and intellectual capacity, protect the interests of domestic producers as the foundation of economic security.

This study, which was undertaken in the Netherlands and Ghana, contributes to the migration and development-nexus debate by using a combination of concepts – 'agency', 'policy window', 'here and there' and 'win-win-win' – to shed light on the transnational practices and the impact of these activities in the country of residence and origin. Empirically, the study addresses the challenges inherent in diaspora engagement initiatives by policy makers, aimed at harnessing the development potential of migration through remittances. It emphasises the collective dimensions of diaspora development potential by bringing to the fore the transformative role of diaspora organisations, with all their different organisational capacities. The findings of this study show the relevance of diaspora collective organising and their impact from 'here and there' and 'win-win-win' perspectives. Research methods used The study used a qualitative methodological approach and a multi-sited ethnographic lens to enhance an in-depth examination of the historic, political, socioeconomic context and the social relationships influencing diaspora transnational collective activities at the local and national levels both in the country of residence and origin. Data collection, included in-depth interviews, focus groups discussion, participant observations, process tracing and analysis of secondary sources. Key conclusions • Associational life among diasporas is mainly for the welfare of its members in the host society ('here'), linked to integration, participation and safety nets against vulnerabilities, ties with the country of origin ('there'), individual and collective interests to improve the conditions of those left behind. These undertakings in these areas resolve socio-economic and emotional issues that would otherwise constitute political and policy problems for institutions in the country of residence and origin. • The three main significant categories of diaspora organisations are hometown associations, migrant development NGOs and umbrella organisations. Their activities have a 'here and there' orientation focused on public service delivery, have the potential for broad impact, and are relatively inclusive in nature (broad reach – both direct and indirect) within a 'win-win- win' framework. • A combination of political opportunity structures and policy windows in the countries of residence and origin and the dual identity and multiple layers of belonging of members of the diaspora, which are constantly being reconstructed and renegotiated, are central to diaspora transnational collective activities and their transformative potential. • Agency within diaspora organisations is crucial to how they seek to influence the policy agenda through collective action aimed at various streams (problem, policy and political) with a 'here and there' orientation. This also applies to the meanings attached to existing opportunities or emerging policy windows for access to opportunities (resources and space for influencing policy agenda). • Diaspora transnational collective activities constitute part of the social development processes in multiple contexts and inherently have 'here and there' and 'win-win-win' orientations in terms of the impact felt at different levels (individual, family, community, local, national and international). Key recommendations • Create an enabling political, institutional and policy environment : Conditions (migration regimes) need to be created that open up opportunities for diasporas to return to their country of origin and facilitate circular transfer through transnational collective activities between the country of residence and the country of origin, which requires coherence among the different institutions at the different levels at which diasporas operate. • Institutionalise diaspora participation in policy processes in the country of residence and origin : Inclusive consultation mechanisms can tap into the complementary, bridging and interlocutory role of diasporas and collective organising in its diverse forms within migrant communities. • Scale-up innovative and policy relevant diaspora collective initiatives : A menu of policy options for scaling-up the best practices and embedding them in local policy frameworks for diaspora engagement. This include rethinking of strategies for sustaining diaspora collective initiatives that add value to local policies on immigrant integration and participation and that harness the development potential of migration. • Develop policy frameworks that promote reciprocity and 'win-win-win' scenarios : Diaspora contribution to development in their country of residence and their country of origin, can derive from diaspora entrepreneurship and other forms of reverse flows through transnational linkages, facilitated by multiple layers of belonging. This calls for a complementarity framework in which initiatives taken by diaspora organisations are linked to the priorities of government, municipalities and local communities. • Extend and enhance diaspora capacities : Different categories of diaspora organisations as part of civil society possess ideas, skills, expertise, experience and cross-cultural knowledge that, if recognised, could be leveraged innovatively for collaborations and partnerships that enhance development cooperation projects and promote investment in emerging markets. This requires structured institutional support and sustained funding for diaspora initiatives within the framework of public-private partnerships.

One of problems of development of legal competence of teachers of technology is reflected in the article, and also development of the legal state is analyzed in the conditions of polarization of ideas and public motions, dynamic updating of legislation, modernization of the system of education in Ukraine predetermines the increase of legal activity of teachers, necessity of development of conscious basis of good behavior of participants of educational process with the aim of maximal reduction to possibility of origin of risks in this environment. It actualizes the problem of forming the legal competence of teachers, who are today active participants in the educational policy of the state.In modern realities, when substantially the methods of adjusting of rights and duties of teachers changed not only, but the systematic updating of legislation comes true about education, there is diversification of the educational programs, the teacher of technologies as initiator of professional self-determination of students must not only assist forming in them of proof respect to the law but also Level of possession by them must allow a legal competence effectively to settle the problem legal situations of educational process, come forward as a defender of right and interest student, prepare them to the legitimate use modern technology, equipment and instrument, that validified in decree president Ukraine «about national program legal formation of population», law Ukraine «on education», «about higher education», actively to master necessary legal space. It generates a public requirement in development and realization on all stages of preparation of teacher of such system of development for him of legal competence that would represent all kinds him social cooperation and professional activity. However the special attention is required by research of these questions in the process of in-service training pedagogical education of teachers of technologies, that conditioned by the rapid change of normative legal base in the conditions of becoming of Ukrainian civil society. ; Отражена одна из проблем развития правовой компетентности учителей технологии, а также проанализировано развитие правового государства в условиях поляризации мыслей и общественных движений, динамического обновления законодательства; модернизация системы образования в Украине предопределяет рост правовой активности учителей, необходимость развития сознательной основы правомерного поведения участников образовательного процесса с целью максимального уменьшения возможности возникновения рисков в этой среде. Это актуализирует проблему формирования правовой компетентности учителей, которые являются сегодня активными участниками образовательной политики государства.В современных реалиях, когда существенно изменились не только методы регулирования прав и обязанностей учителей, но и осуществляется систематическое обновление законодательства об образовании, происходит диверсификация образовательных программ, учитель технологий как инициатор профессионального самоопределения учеников должен не только способствовать формированию в соискателей образования стойкого уважения к закону, но и сам уровень владения ими правовой компетентностью должен позволять эффективно разрешать проблемные правовые ситуации образовательного процесса, выступать в качестве защитника прав и интересов учеников, готовить их к правомерному использованию современных технологий, оборудования и инструмента, что удостоверено в Указе Президента Украины «О национальной программе правового образования населения», законах Украины «Об образовании», «О высшем образовании». Активно осваивать необходимое правовое пространство. Это порождает общественную потребность в разработке и реализации на всех этапах подготовки учителя такой системы развития у него правовой компетентности, которая отображала бы все виды его социального взаимодействия и профессиональной деятельности (общесоциальной, общепрофессиональной и специально профессиональной). Однако особенного внимания требует исследование этих вопросов в процессе последипломного педагогического образования учителей технологий, что обусловлено быстрым изменением нормативной правовой базы в условиях становления украинского гражданского общества. ; Висвітлена одна з проблем розвитку правової компетентності вчителів технологій, а також проаналізована розбудова правової держави в умовах поляризації думок і громадських рухів, динамічного оновлення законодавства; модернізація системи освіти в Україні, зумовлена зростанням правової активності вчителів, необхідність розвитку свідомої основи правомірної поведінки учасників освітнього процесу з метою максимального зменшення можливості виникнення ризиків у цьому середовищі. Це актуалізує проблему формування правової компетентності вчителів, які є нині активними учасниками освітньої політики держави. У сучасних реаліях, коли істотно змінилися не тільки методи регулювання прав й обов'язків учителів, але й здійснюється систематичне оновлення законодавства про освіту, відбувається диверсифікація освітніх програм, учитель технологій як ініціатор професійного самовизначення учнів повинен не тільки сприяти формуванню в них стійкої поваги до закону, а й сам рівень володіння здобувачами освіти правовою компетентністю повинен дозволяти ефективно вирішувати проблемні правові ситуації освітнього процесу, вчитель технологій виступати захисником прав та інтересів учнів, готувати їх до правомірного використання сучасних технологій, обладнання та інструменту, що засвідчено в Указі Президента України «Про національну програму правової освіти населення», законах України «Про освіту», «Про вищу освіту». Активно освоювати необхідний правовий простір. Це породжує суспільну потребу в розробці та реалізації на всіх етапах підготовки вчителя такої системи розвитку правової компетентності, яка відображала би всі види соціальної взаємодії та професійної діяльності (загальносоціальної, загальнопрофесійної та спеціальнопрофесійної). Однак особливої уваги вимагає дослідження цих питань у процесі післядипломної педагогічної освіти вчителів технологій, що обумовлене швидкою зміною нормативної правової бази в умовах становлення українського громадянського суспільства.