Suchergebnisse

The Colombian postconflict is studied by Law and Politics due to its indisputable importance. These academies, have searched for answers about it by using the Transitional Justice within the International Human Right and the Human Rights. This has acquired a commitment with the Memory and Oblivion in the repair of the Army Conflict: The legacy of a social memory that allows the protagonists view the consequences of the war in a different way. From that perspective, the memory and oblivion are functions that also impact the legal and judicial framework since they are part of the psyche of the subjects involved. This is the reason why, the Psychoanalysis as a discipline that studies the singularity of an individual, can understand the impact these functions can have on the subjectivity of a person that experienced the army conflict. In order to attain this, a rhetorical and conceptual revision of the Law and Psychoanalysis in relation to the Memory and Oblivion was performed to encounter the applicable principles from each discipline. On one end, The Law proposes Oblivion as a primary protected right; on the other end, Psychoanalysis promotes that the subject can be held accountable with his/her memory of what has been subjectively forgotten ; El postconflicto colombiano por su indiscutible trascendencia, ocupa el interés entre otros, del Derecho y la Política, que han buscado respuestas al mismo, basándose en las regularizaciones que permite la Ley como la denominada Justicia Transicional dentro del marco del Derecho Internacional Humanitario y los Derechos Humanos. Esto ha adquirido un compromiso con el lugar que la memoria y el olvido ocupan para la reparación del conflicto armado: el legado de una memoria social que permita a sus protagonistas poder significar de un modo diferente los estragos de la guerra. Ahora bien, se propone que la memoria y el olvido son funciones que también trascienden el marco legal y jurídico, en tanto integran la vida psíquica del sujeto. Es por esto que el psicoanálisis como disciplina que atiende la singularidad que define a cada sujeto en la clínica, puede comprender el impacto que en la subjetividad ha tenido elconflicto armado. Para lo anterior se realizó una atenta revisión teórica y conceptual desde el campo del Derecho y el Psicoanálisis sobre las relaciones que la memoria y el olvido guardan con las leyes jurídicas y la vida psíquica: si para el Derecho la memoria se propone como un derechoprimordial amparado por la Ley, el Psicoanálisis, por su parte, promueve que el sujeto puede hacerse responsable con su memoria de aquello que ha olvidado subjetivamente.

The Colombian postconflict is studied by Law and Politics due to its indisputable importance. These academies, have searched for answers about it by using the Transitional Justice within the International Human Right and the Human Rights. This has acquired a commitment with the Memory and Oblivion in the repair of the Army Conflict: The legacy of a social memory that allows the protagonists view the consequences of the war in a different way. From that perspective, the memory and oblivion are functions that also impact the legal and judicial framework since they are part of the psyche of the subjects involved. This is the reason why, the Psychoanalysis as a discipline that studies the singularity of an individual, can understand the impact these functions can have on the subjectivity of a person that experienced the army conflict. In order to attain this, a rhetorical and conceptual revision of the Law and Psychoanalysis in relation to the Memory and Oblivion was performed to encounter the applicable principles from each discipline. On one end, The Law proposes Oblivion as a primary protected right; on the other end, Psychoanalysis promotes that the subject can be held accountable with his/her memory of what has been subjectively forgotten ; El postconflicto colombiano por su indiscutible trascendencia, ocupa el interés entre otros, del Derecho y la Política, que han buscado respuestas al mismo, basándose en las regularizaciones que permite la Ley como la denominada Justicia Transicional dentro del marco del Derecho Internacional Humanitario y los Derechos Humanos. Esto ha adquirido un compromiso con el lugar que la memoria y el olvido ocupan para la reparación del conflicto armado: el legado de una memoria social que permita a sus protagonistas poder significar de un modo diferente los estragos de la guerra. Ahora bien, se propone que la memoria y el olvido son funciones que también trascienden el marco legal y jurídico, en tanto integran la vida psíquica del sujeto. Es por esto que el psicoanálisis como disciplina que atiende la singularidad que define a cada sujeto en la clínica, puede comprender el impacto que en la subjetividad ha tenido elconflicto armado. Para lo anterior se realizó una atenta revisión teórica y conceptual desde el campo del Derecho y el Psicoanálisis sobre las relaciones que la memoria y el olvido guardan con las leyes jurídicas y la vida psíquica: si para el Derecho la memoria se propone como un derechoprimordial amparado por la Ley, el Psicoanálisis, por su parte, promueve que el sujeto puede hacerse responsable con su memoria de aquello que ha olvidado subjetivamente.

The Colombian postconflict is studied by Law and Politics due to its indisputable importance. These academies, have searched for answers about it by using the Transitional Justice within the International Human Right and the Human Rights. This has acquired a commitment with the Memory and Oblivion in the repair of the Army Conflict: The legacy of a social memory that allows the protagonists view the consequences of the war in a different way. From that perspective, the memory and oblivion are functions that also impact the legal and judicial framework since they are part of the psyche of the subjects involved. This is the reason why, the Psychoanalysis as a discipline that studies the singularity of an individual, can understand the impact these functions can have on the subjectivity of a person that experienced the army conflict. In order to attain this, a rhetorical and conceptual revision of the Law and Psychoanalysis in relation to the Memory and Oblivion was performed to encounter the applicable principles from each discipline. On one end, The Law proposes Oblivion as a primary protected right; on the other end, Psychoanalysis promotes that the subject can be held accountable with his/her memory of what has been subjectively forgotten ; El postconflicto colombiano por su indiscutible trascendencia, ocupa el interés entre otros, del Derecho y la Política, que han buscado respuestas al mismo, basándose en las regularizaciones que permite la Ley como la denominada Justicia Transicional dentro del marco del Derecho Internacional Humanitario y los Derechos Humanos. Esto ha adquirido un compromiso con el lugar que la memoria y el olvido ocupan para la reparación del conflicto armado: el legado de una memoria social que permita a sus protagonistas poder significar de un modo diferente los estragos de la guerra. Ahora bien, se propone que la memoria y el olvido son funciones que también trascienden el marco legal y jurídico, en tanto integran la vida psíquica del sujeto. Es por esto que el psicoanálisis como disciplina que atiende la singularidad que define a cada sujeto en la clínica, puede comprender el impacto que en la subjetividad ha tenido elconflicto armado. Para lo anterior se realizó una atenta revisión teórica y conceptual desde el campo del Derecho y el Psicoanálisis sobre las relaciones que la memoria y el olvido guardan con las leyes jurídicas y la vida psíquica: si para el Derecho la memoria se propone como un derechoprimordial amparado por la Ley, el Psicoanálisis, por su parte, promueve que el sujeto puede hacerse responsable con su memoria de aquello que ha olvidado subjetivamente.

Cet article s'intéresse à la place de la contre-asymétrie dans la posture stratégique de l'OTAN. Il est question de revenir, moyennant une approche historico-analytique, sur l'évolution de la prise en charge par l'OTAN de la menace asymétrique que ce soit pendant ou après la Guerre froide. Il en découle que malgré une omniprésence de la menace asymétrique, à caractères terroriste ou insurrectionnel, l'OTAN est demeuré dans une posture ambivalente depuis sa création en 1949 jusqu'aux attentats du 11 septembre 2001. Mais depuis, on constate un effort considérable d'adaptation avec l'adoption d'une doctrine contre-asymétrique qui ne constitue en fin de compte qu'une catharsis de l'expérience afghane. A cet égard, une révolution paradigmatique demeure nécessaire en vue de se libérer de la pesanteur de la Guerre froide et fonder une stratégie multidimensionnelle combinant les solutions sécuritaire, politique, socioéconomique, culturelle, etc. ; Este artículo se centra en el papel que desempeña la contra-asimetría en la postura estratégica de la OTAN. Se ha utilizado un enfoque histórico-analítico para comprobar cómo se ha desarrollado el interés de la OTAN en la lucha contra de las amenazas asimétricas, durante y después de la Guerra Fría. Como resultado, hemos comprobado que, a pesar de la omnipresencia de las amenazas asimétricas, de carácter terrorista o insurgente, la OTAN ha mantenido una postura ambivalente desde su creación en 1949 hasta los atentados del 11 de septiembre de 2001. Pero, desde entonces, se puede constatar un esfuerzo notable para adaptarse, con la adopción de una doctrina de contrainsurgencia que, en definitiva, ha resultado de la catarsis tras la experiencia afgana. En este sentido, una revolución paradigmática es imprescindible para liberarse del peso de la Guerra Fría e idear una estrategia multidimensional que combine soluciones de orden de seguridad, político, socioeconómico, cultural, etc. ; This article looks at the place of counter-asymmetry in NATO strategic posture. It is a question of reexamining, through a historic-analytic approach, the evolution of how NATO addresses the asymmetric threats, be it during or after the cold war era. This implies that no matter how pervasive the asymmetric threat is, terrorist or insurrectional, NATO adopted an ambiguous posture since it was created in 1949 until the attacks of September 11, 2001. Since then however, we noticed great adaptation efforts with the implementation of a counter-asymmetric doctrine, which is seen, at the end the day, more like a catharsis of the Afghanistan experience. In this respect, a paradigmatic revolution becomes necessary in order to break NATO free from the legacy of the cold war and build a multi-dimensional strategy that integrates solutions for security, political, socio-economical, cultural issues…etc.

Die österreichischen erbrechtlichen Bestimmungen stammten zum größten Teil noch aus der Urfassung des ABGB. Aufgrund von Änderungen der gesellschaftlichen Entwicklung sah der Gesetzgeber in diesen erbrechtlichen Bestimmungen einen Reformbedarf und beschloss am 7. Juli 2015 das ErbRÄG 2015. Neben den sprachlichen Anpassungen soll mit dem ErbRÄG 2015 insbesondere auf die kontinuierliche Rechtsentwicklung eingegangen werden. Die Schenkung auf den Todesfall unterlag vor dem ErbRÄG 2015 im Hinblick auf deren Behandlung im Verlassenschaftsverfahren nach dem Geschenkgeber einem jahrelangen Meinungsstreit. Einerseits wurde die Meinung vertreten, dass eine Schenkung auf den Todesfall wie ein Vermächtnis zu behandeln ist, anderseits wurde die Meinung der Behandlung als Vertrag vertreten. Mit der neuen Regelung des § 603 ABGB über Schenkungen auf den Todesfall scheint vom Gesetzgeber der jahrelange Meinungsstreit über die Rechtsnatur einer Schenkung auf den Todesfall nach dem Tod des Geschenkgebers endgültig ad acta gelegt worden zu sein. Neben der Herausarbeitung der neuen Gültigkeits- und Formerfordernisse der Schenkung auf den Todesfall wird insbesondere auf die Rechtsstellung des Geschenkgebers und des Geschenknehmers sowohl zu Lebzeiten des Geschenkgebers als auch in dessen Verlassenschaftsverfahren eingegangen. Weiters wird gezeigt, in wie weit die alte Rechtslage zu den Schenkungen auf den Todesfall auf die "neuen" Schenkungen auf den Todesfall Anwendung und Berücksichtigung finden kann.Eine besondere Herausforderung bringt die in § 603 ABGB normierte Anwendung des § 1253 ABGB auf Schenkungen auf den Todesfall mit sich. Anhang dieser Arbeit werden die bis dato vorhandenen Ansichten und Lösungsvorschläge der Lehre zur Anwendung des § 1253 ABGB auf Schenkungen auf den Todesfall dargelegt. ; Most of the inheritance regulations of Austria come from the original of the ABGB. Due to the changes of the social development the legislature saw a need for reform these inheritance regulations and decided on the 7th of July 2015 the ErbRÄG 2015. Next to the linguistic adoptions the ErbRÄG in particular react to the continuous legal development. Regarding to the treatment of the donation to the death in the probate procedure of the gift giver there was an opinion dispute which lasts for years before the ErbRÄG 2015. On the one hand the opinion was that the donation to the death has to be treated like a legacy but on the other hand there was the opinion to treat it like a contract. With the new regulations of § 603 ABGB it seems that the opinion dispute about the legal nature of the donation to the death which exists over years has been laid down ad acta by the legislature. Next to the elaboration of the new validity and the formal requirements concerning the donation to the death this work elaborates in particular to the legal position of the gift giver and the gift recipient during the lifetime of the gift giver as well as in the abandonment procedure. Furthermore it will be shown to which extend the old legal position regarding to the donation on death can be used and take into account to the " new" donation on death. A special challenge is the application of the § 1253 ABGB which is normalized in § 603 ABGB in relation to the donation to the death. The annex of this work will explain the existing views and suggested solutions of the science for the application of the § 1253 ABGB referring to the donation on death. ; vorgelegt von Sarah Berghold ; Zusammenfassungen in Deutsch und Englisch ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der Verfasserin ; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Diplomarbeit, 2018 ; (VLID)3278647

[EN] This article traces the meaning of this film in the context of the Italian culture at the beginning of the sixties. To do so, it briefly returns to the genesis of anti-fascism movement and, more particularly, of the thought of Antonio Gramsci in the interwar period. Then, it analyzes the way in which both the work of the anthropologist Ernesto de Martino and the trajectory of Pasolini are stressed by their relationship with the Gramscian legacy. Later, it explains in detail the historical understanding of La rabbia in dialogue with the concepts of "dialectical image" (Walter Benjamin) and "gesture" (Giorgio Agamben), highlighting the way in which both materialise in the Pasolini film the fracture with the Gramscian idea of Marxism as a modern moral reform. Finally, those arguments are related to the approach to the peasant cultures through the politics of the rebellious pianto, crossing the anthropological studies of De Martino, the poetics of Pasolini and the construction of a film semiotics of the subalternity. ; [ES] Este artículo rastrea el significado de esta película en el contexto de la cultura italiana de principios de los años sesenta. Para ello, se remonta a la génesis del movimiento antifascista y, más particularmente, del pensamiento de Antonio Gramsci en el período de entreguerras. A continuación, se analiza el modo en que tanto la obra del antropólogo Ernesto de Martino como la trayectoria de Pasolini aparecen tensionadas por su relación con la herencia gramsciana. Más adelante, se desmenuza la comprensión histórica de La rabbia en diálogo con los conceptos de "imagen dialéctica" (Walter Benjamin) y "gesto" (Giorgio Agamben), subrayando el modo en que ambos encarnan en la película de Pasolini una fractura con la idea gramsciana del marxismo como reforma moral moderna. Finalmente, esos argumentos son relacionados con la aproximación a las culturas campesinas desde una política del pianto rebelde, en el cruce entre los estudios antropológicos de De Martino, la poética de Pasolini y la construcción de una semiótica cinematográfica de la subalternidad. ; Este trabajo ha sido realizado gracias a la concesión de la Ayuda Juan de la Cierva – Incorporación 2015 del MICINN y como parte de los proyectos de investigación en los que participa el autor: "Visualidades críticas: reescritura de las narrativas a través de las imágenes" (HAR2013-43016-P, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad del Gobierno de España) y "Modernidade(s) descentralizada(s): arte, política y contracultura en el eje trasatlántico durante la Guerra Fría" (HAR2014-53834- P, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad del Gobierno de España). ; Peer reviewed

In this paper, I consider the mixed virtue of the federal perspective in relation to certain key recent developments in the 3D (i.e. sub- -state, state, supranational) territorial politics of the EU. I argue that, on account of its statist legacy, the invocation of federalism considered either as a technique of government or as a direct expression of an affective relationship between people and supranational polity is of limited or even negative value in EU. Yet federalism, when drawing on its deeper historical roots and considered instead as a basis for imaginative reflection on the nature and proper trajectory of an unprecedented political configuration, fares rather better. Here, indeed, the federal imagination continues to provide a direct challenge to the sovereigntist perspective with its emphasis on the ultimate authority of either state or supranational levels, but does so with complex, unpredictable and as yet unresolved effects, given the still powerful drag of that sovereigntist perspective. In pursuing this point, I focus on a particularly topical and challenging part of the European federal puzzle. I concentrate on the third sub-state dimension of the EU's 3D 'federated' structure, as evidenced in recent developments in Scotland and Catalonia in particular, and on how the development of the EU's federal imaginative example should and can alter the spirit in which new sovereignty claims at this level are both made and received. ; No presente artigo, explanam-se as virtudes da perspetiva federal em relação a significativos e recentes desenvolvimentos na política territorial 3D da UE (ou seja, subestado, estado, supranacional). Defendo que, devido à sua herança estatista, a invocação do federalismo, considerada quer como uma técnica de governo ou como uma expressão direta de uma relação afetiva entre as pessoas e política supranacional, é limitada ou mesmo um valor negativo na UE. No entanto, o federalismo, uma vez exploradas as suas raízes históricas mais profundas e entendido como base de reflexão imaginativa sobre a natureza e trajetória de uma configuração política sem precedentes, afigura-se bastante melhor. Neste ponto, a imaginação federal continua a desafiar a perspetiva soberana com a sua ênfase na autoridade última dos níveis estaduais ou supranacionais, mas fá-lo com efeitos complexos, imprevisíveis e não definitivos, devido à forte atração que a perspetiva soberana ainda exerce. Relativamente a esta questão, focar-me-ei num tópico particular e numa parte desafiadora do puzzle federal europeu. Concentrar-me-ei na terceira dimensão subestadual da estrutura federal 3D da UE, tal como se tem vivenciado nos recentes desenvolvimentos na Escócia e na Catalunha, e sobre a forma como o desenvolvimento de exemplo federal imaginativo da UE deverá e poderá alterar o espírito em que as novas reivindicações de soberania realizadas e recebidas.

Volker Woltersdorff's essay 'Sexual Ghosts and the Whole of History: Queer Historiography, Post-Slavery Subjectivities, and Sadomasochism in Isaac Julien's "The Attendant"' discusses the controversial concept of wholeness in historiography with regard to the fascination with past horrors and the desire to do justice to their victims who retain a ghostly presence. The essay retraces how this commitment produces a dilemma, as it can result either in the aspiration to historical wholeness as full memoralization or alternatively in the radical rejection of wholeness as an impossible healing. Employing Elizabeth Freeman's notion of 'erotohistoriography', Woltersdorff introduces affect into the work of historiography in order to find an escape from the dilemmatic impasse between history's wholeness as pacified reconciliation and as ongoing catastrophe along the lines of Walter Benjamin. Sadomasochism is presented as a practice that may correspond most adequately to the paradoxical affect caused by traumatic history that continues to haunt the present. Indeed, re-enactments of historical oppression and violence occur frequently within the BDSM community. However, what distinguishes them from 'living history' re-enactments is their potential to modify affective attachments to history by altering the historical script. The essay elaborates this potential through Isaac Julien's 1993 short film "The Attendant", which, in a kind of queer re-enactment, overwrites the memory of colonial chattel slavery by a sadomasochistic encounter of a black guardian and a white visitor in a museum dedicated to the history of slavery. The film raises the ethical and political question of how to relate affectively to the legacy and ongoing presence of racism. Against this backdrop, the author argues that, through the BDSM scenario and its changes to the historical script, Julien's film represents and promotes a paradoxical way to perform both the memorialization and the forgetting of past horrors and pleasures. Here, historical wholeness acquires a conflicting double meaning of both achieving completeness and restoring integrity. Woltersdorff concludes by interpreting "The Attendant" as urging a utopian perspective, produced by the tension between the impossibility of history's wholeness and the necessary, reparative desire for it. The article concludes by highlighting the paradox that Julien's film shows wholeness 'to be impossible and yet necessary' and 'expresses a necessary desire made impossible'. While the essay explicitly engages with the figure of haunting, one could perhaps speak here also of plasticity insofar as the contradictory conjunction of remembering and forgetting seems to rely on a malleability of affects and on producing an affective economy that sustains the fantasmatic remembrance of a painful past through paradoxical pleasure but breaks with any pleasure derived from real inequality, injustice, or suffering imparted non-consensually.

Patrick Caulfield, Michael Craig-Martin, Leo Fitzmaurice, Sam Francis, Pamela Fraser, Lucy Gunning, Gary Hume, Jasleen Kaur, Ian Mckeever, Lisa Milroy, Paul Morrison, Eva Rothschild, Sean Scully, Daniel Sturgis, Roy Voss Curated by artist Daniel Sturgis in collaboration Grizedale Arts, the exhibition focuses on how the ideas, genius or place of landscape painting have been manifested, but not overtly displayed, in a variety of practices. As such, Against Landscape will therefore not include any 'straight-forward' landscape paintings, but will rather present a diverse collection of contemporary and historic works that revolve around the idea(s) of 'landscape representation' in 'painting'. The exhibition spotlights the complex relationship to landscape and landscape painting within each of these artists' work, and in Sturgis' own painting practice. Although not all the artists selected are painters, and none would describe themselves as a landscape painter, all of these pieces can perhaps be seen to hold or connect to ideas associated with landscape painting. For some artists this connection is hidden but for others it is more explicit. The initial setting for this exhibition was the Coniston Institute in the Lake District. This was the site of a series of important landscape painting exhibitions in the 19th century, and is historically connected to the life and work of John Ruskin, the 19th century art critic, writer and utopian socialist. Ruskin did much to recognize and define the uniqueness of landscape painting in the 19th century. He championed, through Turner, landscape paintings' relationship to ideas—ideas about how a painting is made, as well as how a painting can relate to the environment and politics. Against Landscape therefore takes its inspiration from this history and setting and some of the contested traditions which are at its heart. It asks you to consider what it means to represent or refer to 'landscape painting' now and how other ideas are held in that representation. The second setting of this exhibition in an art school, allows for an alternative exploration of an oft-visited thematic in student work. Moreover, it examines why such a subject has continuing relevance in the 21st Century. It points to connections between landscape painting and abstraction and Ruskin's social project and modernism. Grizedale Arts, who have designed the purpose built functional exhibition structure, also takes inspiration from Ruskin's legacy. Ruskin had a belief for art and an artistic life to be above all useful, and this hanging system both harks back to early radical modernist exhibition displays but also will allow paintings to be shown in a diversity of spaces, including non-art spaces. An essay by Charlie Gere was published to accompany this exhibition.

This book contributes to an extensive number of scholarly works produced in 2017 which commemorate the scientific revolution and paradigm shift that occurred in 1517. The year 2017 marks the 500th celebration of the Reformation actuated by Martin Luther when he published what later became known as the Ninety-Five Theses on indulgences. The Reformation was a religious, social, cultural and political event that reshaped the landscape of modern Europe and has had an influence on parts of the world far beyond. This includes the 'far South' such as South Africa where the legacy of the Reformers has moulded institutional and individual lives across boundaries of ethnicity and beliefs. Worldwide celebrations of this quincentenary anniversary provide scholars with an opportunity to reflect anew on the consequences and lasting import of the Reformation. This book provides one such a platform by discussing the scientific relevance of Reformed theology, specifically with regard to biblical, historical and systematic-theological themes. Comprising a collection of essays by scholars belonging to the Reformed tradition, it aims at examining the historical heritage of the Reformation, the current state of discourse in Reformed theology as well as the contemporary relevance of a Reformed approach to theology. It contains biblical, historical-theological and systematic-theological perspectives and addresses a variety of issues such as biblical interpretation, text-criticism, translation, constructive impulses emanating from classical Reformed thought, Christian freedom, anthropology and dialogue with non-Reformed traditions. Although the approaches followed are by no means exhaustive, they do provide the reader with some indication of approaches followed in Reformed discourse. Chapters 1–4 pertain to biblical interpretation. A variety of methods are discussed and employed, namely the grammatical-historical, text-immanent, socio-historical, redactional-historical, diachronic and synchronic approaches. These analyses confirm that biblical interpretation requires a multi-faceted approach to biblical texts. Chapters 5–9, conversely, discuss various historical and systematic-theological themes. Classical texts from the Reformation, specifically works by Calvin and Luther, are examined, and contemporary theological literature are analysed, compared and evaluated while innovative new ideas are proposed. This book is written in the reformed spirit of semper Reformanda. While it enters into dialogue with other traditions such as Pentecostal, Neo-Pentecostal, Roman Catholic and Lutheran theology, it also exhibits an attitude of self-reflection and self-correction. This contribution does not only affirm the Reformed heritage as a living tradition, but it also attempts to invigorate the tradition with innovating new ideas by drawing on classical and recent theological literature. The target audience is mainly Reformed theologians, but non- Reformed scholars, who are interested in engaging with the Reformed tradition, would find this book informative.

On May 6, 1914, the Southwest Conference was formed when representatives from several universities met to discuss the future of regional sports among the local schools. Baylor University, Southwestern University, Texas A&M College, Oklahoma A&M (Oklahoma State), Louisiana State University, University of Texas, and the University of Arkansas participated in this organization. ; On December 8, 1914, representatives from the Rice Institute (Rice University) and the University of Oklahoma also met with the group at the Rice Hotel in Houston. All those who met joined as charter members with the exception of Louisiana State to create what was known as the Southwest Intercollegiate Athletic Conference, a Division I conference. ; Since then the Southwest Athletic Conference has seen as many as nine universities join or leave their league. Rice left for a short spell from 1916-1917. Texas Christian University joined in 1923, Southern Methodist University joined in 1918, Texas Tech joined in 1958, and Houston joined in 1972. Arkansas left in 1991, Oklahoma dropped out in 1920, Southwestern left in 1917, and Oklahoma A&M went in 1926. For one year, 1920, Phillips University of Enid, Oklahoma, was a member of the conference. Overall, by the time the conference disbanded, eight schools were still members of the SWC. ; It was not until 1938 before the office would be headed by an Executive Secretary (later Commissioner in 1982) of the SWC. Dr. P. W. St. Clair served from 1938-1945 as a part-time employee. Others who served were the following: James H. Stewart (1945-1950), Howard Grubbs (1950-1973), Cliff Speegle (1973-1982), Fred Jacoby (1982-1993), Steve Hatchell (1993-1995), and finally Kyle Kallander (1995-1996). ; The Southwest Conference has spawned such legends as Carl Lewis, Doak Walker, Sheryl Swoopes, Darrell Royal, Teddy Lyons, Earl Campbell, and Andre Ware to name a few. ; On June 30, 1996, the Southwest Athletic Conference came to a final close and disbanded. Four schools, Texas Tech University, University of Texas, Texas A&M University and Baylor University, united with the Big Eight to create the Big Twelve. Why the SWC disbanded? Most would agree that money was a leading factor to the breakup of the SWC. The Big Twelve would give the new members more media coverage and therefore more revenue for their invididual schools. Some would say that politicians had a role in its breakup. Who else would pressure schools, other politicians, and university representatives to consider a new outlook to collegiate sports in the State of Texas and the rest of the central U.S. region. The legacy of the Southwest Aithletic Conference has left impressions of rivalries and camaraderie probably unlike any other collegiate conference in U.S.A. ; Box 5, Folder 5

Studies of trophic-level material and energy transfers are central to ecology. The use of isotopic tracers has now made it possible to measure trophic transfer efficiencies of important nutrients and to better understand how these materials move through food webs. We analyzed data from thirteen N-15-ammonium tracer addition experiments to quantify N transfer from basal resources to animals in headwater streams with varying physical, chemical, and biological features. N transfer efficiencies from primary uptake compartments (PUCs; heterotrophic microorganisms and primary producers) to primary consumers was lower (mean 11.5%, range 100%). Total N transferred (as a rate) was greater in streams with open compared to closed canopies and overall N transfer efficiency generally followed a similar pattern, although was not statistically significant. We used principal component analysis to condense a suite of site characteristics into two environmental components. Total N uptake rates among trophic levels were best predicted by the component that was correlated with latitude, DIN:SRP, GPP:ER, and percent canopy cover. N transfer efficiency did not respond consistently to environmental variables. Our results suggest that canopy cover influences N movement through stream food webs because light availability and primary production facilitate N transfer to higher trophic levels. ; National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation (NSF) [NSF-DEB 1052399, DBI-1401954]; Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research; U.S. DOEUnited States Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; U.S. Department of EnergyUnited States Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC05-00OR22725] ; We thank everyone who participated in the individual tracer experiments used in this analysis. We are grateful for the leadership and friendship of the late Pat Mulholland, whose legacy continues to inspire. This manuscript is the product of a workshop funded by a National Science Foundation grant (NSF-DEB 1052399) to M. R. Whiles and W. K. Dodds. Partial support during manuscript preparation to N. A. Griffiths was from the Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. DOE under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. S. M. Collins was supported by a National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology (DBI-1401954). ; Public domain authored by a U.S. government employee

Survivance as a legal concept names the right to inheritance and more specifically the condition of being qualified to inherit a legacy. In an interview Jöelle Rostkowski, Vizenor explains: "[s]urvivance . is the heritable right of succession or reversion of an estate." This aspect of survivance is overlooked by those scholars of Vizenor's work who focus on the conjunction of the terms "survival" and "resistance", terms that are important most fundamentally as they intersect with the capacity to transmit and to accept the inheritance of the past that is itself the intersection of survival and resistance. Survivance is not a static object or method but a dynamic condition of historical and cultural survival and also of political resistance, practiced in the continual readiness of Indigenous communities to accept and continue the inheritance passed on by elders and ancestors. In this sense, claims made by recent Indigenous video-game developers to speak to youth through digital media by providing games that transmit tribal legacies of language, stories, ontologies, and ways of knowing and being in the world, speak to the practice of survivance. Indeed, the particular capacity of video games to engage oral storytelling and active participation in the making of stories offers a powerful means to encourage and sustain survivance. This essay focuses on the analysis of video game mechanics: the rules of the game that determine the opportunities made possible for, and the limitations imposed upon, player interactivity. Vizenor's concept of survivance enhances understanding of the powerful decolonizing potential of mechanics in Indigenous video games and these game mechanics illustrate in particularly clear ways the workings of survivance as an active engagement in the politics of what Vizenor calls "native presence." In the interview with Jöelle Rostkowski referenced above, Vizenor remarks: "The character of survivance creates a sense of native presence, a critical, active presence and resistance, over absence, historical and cultural absence, nihility and victimry."This essay seeks to show how the sense of a critical, active Indigenous presence is created, by analyzing the mechanics of two different types of Indigenous digital games. Resistance to "historical and cultural absence, nihility and victimry" is explored through the 2-D fixed shooter arcade game Invaders (2015 Steven Paul Judd, Elizabeth LaPensée, Trevino Brings Plenty). The Iñupiat puzzle platformer video game Never Alone (2014 Upper One Games) enacts survivance as the epistemological practice of a living, tribal presence past, present, and future. In these digital games, mechanics are designed to compel players to enact survivance. Understanding this relationship underlines the importance of the decolonizing potential of Indigenous video games.

El objeto de este trabajo es la consideración de Azaña como lugar de memoria al filo de las conmemoraciones de su nacimiento y muerte, en 1980 y 1990, que llegaron a convertir a Azaña —denostado por el franquismo— casi en objeto de culto nacional. Asimismo se pretende abordar el uso político de Azaña en ese contexto, particularmente ligado a la recreación y disputa del centro político durante la década de hegemonía socialista. Un uso que no se limita, como ha señalado hasta ahora la historiografía, a la instrumentalización partidista de su figura por parte del nuevo Partido Popular de Aznar en los primeros años de la década de 1990. Con anterioridad ya lo hicieron Tierno Galván y Adolfo Suárez. En el transcurso de la década conmemorativa, Suárez usó de manera particular la comparación con Azaña y, creado el Centro Democrático y Social (CDS), buscó hacer del nuevo partido la enseña del neoazañismo, un nuevo Partido Socialista Popular (PSP) a su medida, contando para ello con la ayuda de Morodo. La reivindicación de Azaña por parte de Aznar no sería entonces sino la expresión de una decidida voluntad por hacerse con la herencia íntegra de Suárez, una vez consumado el sacrificio político de este, a modo de último ritual de la conmemoración. ; The goal of this work is to take into account the figure of Manuel Azaña as a lieu de la memoire laying upon the conmmemorations of his birth and death, in 1980 and 1990, events which turned Azaña — reviled during the Francoist dictatorship — into an almost revered national icon. I will analyze the political use of Azaña in this context, particularly linked to the political quarrels to hold the political centre during the decade of socialist hegemony. This political use is not limited, as historiography has noted until now, to the partisan instrumentalization of that figure made by the new Partido Popular of Aznar at the beginning of the 90s. Tierno Galván and the former president Suárez have tried as weel to use Azaña's memory. In the course of the conmmemorative decade, Suárez projected in a original way the comparison with Azaña and, once created the CDS, looked for to transform the new party in the banner of the so called neoazañismo, in other words, a new PSP made to mesure for him, being helped to fulfill that project by Morodo. The recognition of the figure of Azaña by Aznar is easy to understand along this path, trying to appropriate with decisiveness that political legacy from Suárez, once this was politically sacrified, as the latest stage of a series of iterative commemorative rituals.

In the past, Western Canada was a place of new directions in human thought and action, migrations of the mind and body, and personal journeys. This book anthology brings together studies exploring the way the west served as a place of constant movement between places of spiritual, subsistence and aesthetic importance. The region, it would seem, gained its very life in the movement of its people. Finding Directions West: Readings that Locate and Dislocate Western Canada's Past, showcases new Western Canadian research on the places found and inhabited by indigenous people and newcomers, as well as their strategies to situate themselves, move on to new homes or change their environments to recreate the West in profoundly different ways. These studies range from the way indigenous people found representation in museum displays, to the archival home newcomers found for themselves: how, for instance, the LGBT community found a place, or not, in the historical record itself. Other studies examine the means by which Métis communities, finding the west transforming around them, turned to grassroots narratives and historical preservation in order to produce what is now appreciated as vernacular histories of inestimable value. In another study, the issues confronted by the Stoney Nakoda who found their home territory rapidly changing in the treaty and reserve era is examined: how Stoney connections to Indian agents and missionaries allowed them to pursue long-distance subsistence strategies into the pioneer era. The anthology includes an analysis of a lengthy travel diary of an English visitor to Depression-era Alberta, revealing how she perceived the region in a short government-sponsored inquiry. Other studies examine the ways women, themselves newcomers in pioneering society, evaluated new immigrants to the region and sought to extend, or not, the vote to them; and the ways early suffrage activists in Alberta and England by World War I developed key ideas when they cooperated in publicity work in Western Canada. Finding Directions West also includes a study on ranchers and how they initially sought to circumscribe their practices around large landholdings in periods of drought, to the architectural designs imported to places such as the Banff Centre that defied the natural geography of the Rocky Mountains. Too often, Western Canadian history is understood as a fixed, precisely mapped and authoritatively documented place. This anthology prompts readers to think differently about a region where ideas, people and communities were in a constant but energetic flux, and how newcomers converged into sometimes impermanent homes or moved on to new experiences to leave a significant legacy for the present-day. With Contributions By: Kimberly Mair, Cheryl Avery, Shelley Sweeney, Will Pratt, Mallory Allyson Richard, Sarah Carter, Sterling Evans, Max Foran, PearlAnn Reichwein, and Karen Wall.