Suchergebnisse

Trade secret is a factor in the creation of innovation for a company to maintain its presence in the community. PT. CPM must identify information that is considered confidential trade before making attempts of legal protection of such information, because not all corporate information can be regarded as a trade secret. The identification is done by providing criteria for confidential information such as information that is not known by the public, has economic value, giving a loss if the information leaked and stolen. So PT. CPM has two attempts of legal protection of trade secrets. First, preventively is to have rules and regulations and written agreements between the parties relating to trade secret information PT. CPM. Second, repressive of protecting end to the measures for violations occurred. In case of violation, PT. CPM will solve the problem amicably. If it fails, then the next action to decide the employment of actors and reported to the authorities. Companies better make a written agreement between the parties in advance and posted to the Directorate General of Intellectual Property Rights in order to ensure the protection of the company's trade secrets.

The objective of LANDSUPPORT is the construction of a smart geoSpatial Decision Support System (S-DSS) , providing a powerful set of decision supporting tools – that will be open and freely accessible through the web – devoted to (i) support sustainable agriculture/forestry, (ii) evaluate their interaction and trade-off with other land uses, including spatial planning and (iii) support the achievement of selected land policies of both EU and UN agenda, with special emphasis to the key, "achieving a land degradation-neutral world" and climate change mitigation goals. By doing that, LANDSUPPORT will reconcile urban regeneration policy ambitions with operational reality addressing the often overlooked support for planning/management actions at the very local scale. In fact, only by this approach incorporating the local dimension it is possible to produce DSS tools to simultaneously fulfil all high demand ing specific challenges such as the evaluation of "land use trade-offs", "incentivising real actions / behaviour / investments" contributing to "sustainable management of land resource" and considering societal needs. This is exactly what the high performing LANDSUPPORT integrated scientific approach promise to do, unlike the aggregated Territorial Modelling Platform already in use for the ex-ante evaluation of EC policies.

Kriptografi berasal dari kata crypto yang berarti rahasia dan graphy yang berarti tulisan. Jadi kriptografi dapat diartikan sebagai tulisan rahasia. Secara istilah dapat didefinisikan sebagai studi tentang teknik-teknik matematika yang berhubungan dengan keamanan informasi. Gost merupakan digraphs cipher, artinya setiap proses enkripsi dilakukan pada setiap dua huruf. Adapun tujuan yang akan di capai adalah membuat aplikasi untuk pengamanan pada file text dengan menggunakan metode Playfair yang dapat mendukung proses perlindungan data yang tidak mudah dicuri dan tidak mudah dipecahkan yang dapat digunakan sebagai keamanan pada data-data yang sangat penting. Kata Kunci : Kriptografi, File Teks, Algoritma Gost.

This paper studies the relationship between party discipline and discretionary spending with theory and data. We propose a theoretical model in which a politician faces a conflict between her constituents' interests and the party line. Party loyalty is electorally costly for the politician and is therefore rewarded by the party leader with greater amounts of discretionary spending allocated to the politician's constituency. The more intense the conflict between the voters' and the party's interests, the more grants the district receives. Using panel data on party discipline in the U.S. House of Representatives and federal grants to congressional districts between 1984 and 2010, we provide evidence that districts represented by loyal legislators receive greater amounts of discretionary spending. This effect holds only for legislators in the majority party, who may enjoy a legislative advantage. Districts represented by loyal legislators who face a greater conflict of interest between following the party and serving their constituents (e.g., Republican legislators representing liberal-leaning districts) are rewarded to a larger extent.