Suchergebnisse

This article examines the challenge Norway and France face in coordinating specialized government activities after 10 years of comprehensive reforms. The focus is on the tension between territorial and sectoral specialization and between vertical and horizontal specialization. We describe both sector‐specific administrative reforms and more overarching general reforms, looking at similarities and differences in the reorganization choices made by the two countries and also at what drives change. We argue that a combination of factors is required to explain outcomes. These factors include not only home‐grown reforms but also sectoral challenges, diffusion and learning from abroad, adaptation to the financial crisis and budget deficit, and choices made by powerful political executives. Sometimes these factors work together and reinforce each other, producing radical reforms; at other times they have a mutually constraining influence, resulting in only minor changes.

La Revue du Vin de France (RVF), créée en 1927 est une source très complète sur le monde viti-vinicole français du point de vue de la bourgeoisie économique et culturelle parisienne. C'est d'abord une revue politique de défense du modèle des Appellations d'Origine dans les années 1930, mais aussi une source de références gastronomiques et vineuses pour les touristes et les professionnels de la vigne et du vin. De forme très moderne, elle est tout à fait novatrice à l'époque. Au retour de la guerre, la RVF adopte les formes journalistiques du photo-reportage et les sujets polémiques qui faisaient en partie le renom de la revue se font plus discrets au profit de sujets portant sur les repas gastronomiques et mondains, les concours professionnels et les revues législatives. À partir de 1981, le magazine devient devient finalement à proprement parler une revue de critique vinicole et de dégustation ce qu'elle demeure jusqu'en 2010. La dégustation est désormais orientée de façon à conseiller le lecteur dans ses achats, tout en permettant aux sommeliers et restaurateurs de se renseigner sur les crus.

En utilisant un échantillon constant sur trois ans du Réseau d'information comptable agricole, les auteurs mesurent, entre 1991 et 1993, les adaptations mises en oeuvre et les évolutions des résultats économiques des 42 150 exploitations agricoles françaises de l'orientation "bovin élevage et viande". Après une approche à partir des évolutions moyennes de cette orientation, une analyse des effets différenciés est réalisée en fonction du chargement des superficies fourragères, du niveau de performance économique et du système technique de l'élevage. Cette étude complémentaire des enquêtes qualitatives qui sont menées par ailleurs, met en évidence plusieurs phénomènes. Le niveau moyen de chargement de l'élevage bovin-viande en France reste stable pour cette première année, puisque les agrandissements réalisés ont été contrebalancés, de façon conjoncturelle, par les anticipations visant à maximiser le potentiel des droits à primes sur les vaches allaitantes. Si les aides directes jouent un rôle déterminant dans la formation du revenu de tous les éleveurs bovin-viande, les mécanismes de la réforme de la PAC entraînent un impact différencié, favorisant les exploitations à faible chargement. L'existence d'écarts importants de performances économiques entre les exploitations bovines, qui n'est pas bouleversée par la réforme de la PAC, conduit à s'interroger sur la capacité de résistance des exploitations les plus fragiles à la baisse des prix.

Background: Suicide is a major worldwide public health issue. Various studies showed that individual attitudes toward suicide change in a region with high suicide rate. Attitudes are one of the components of a global and complex system: social representations (SRs). Aims: In France, the Brittany region has an abnormally high death rate due to suicides. Our research focuses on the SRs of suicide in this region. The hypothesis underlying this project is that suicide SRs are different between an area with a high suicide rate and a region less affected by suicide. Method: A comparative study between the Brittany and Alsace regions, with the latter showing a statistically much lower suicide rate. The persons polled responded to a three-word free-association task around the question 'For you, suicide is …?' An analysis of word frequency and evocation rank was then carried out. Results: In confirmation of our hypothesis, SRs were different between Brittany and the control region. Conclusion: The study's results open new avenues of research, specific to Brittany, in terms of the collective or individual effects of suicides, in terms of psycho-pathological conditions – essentially on depression, and in terms of training, on the stereotypes associated with suicide.

Examines, first, why and how the French Parliament was 'juridicised', that, is, gradually placed under the tutelage of the Constitutional Council, and, secondly, the influence of past Council jurisprudence and the threat of future censure on the legislation of the 1986 parliamentary sessions. (Abstract amended)

Summary in English.

Component: C 1.3 Support for Member States' implementation of Maritime Spatial Planning Sub‐component: C 1.3.6. Establish Case Studies on Approaches to MSP Implementation Deliverable: Var Case Study The knowledge of the marine environment is a baseline for the implementation of Maritime Spatial Planning. It is of major importance to understand the complex interactions between activities and environment, and within activities, in order to organize activities while taking into account the needs of an economical development, and of a good ecological status. The use of the decision tool named "DESEASION" was tested during the project SIMWESTMED, in the Var Case Study, to implement and spatialize a rules-based system based on pressures and impacts models. DESEASION tool is a hosting platform integrating GIS functions, in which scientific can implement evaluation models. As the tool is in a development phase, the main challenge was to confront it to a real case study. This factsheet provides a brief description of the steps of cumulative impacts evaluation using DESEASION, starting from data taken from www.medtrix.com, and models coming from used came from Holon et al.,2015. In this first attempt and facing to the difficulty of dataset collection, this test is limited to 3 anthropogenic pressures (agriculture, anchoring, urbanization) occurring in the Var region in France and one ecosystem (Posidonia seagrass), in GIS format files. ; This report/document was produced as part of the SIMWESTMED Project (Grant Agreement N0. EASME/EMFF/2015/1.2.1.3/02/SI2.742101). PROJECT: Supporting Implementation of Maritime Spatial Planning in the Western Mediterranean region (SIMWESTMED) Competition for maritime space – for renewable energy equipment, aquaculture and other uses – has highlighted the need to manage our waters more coherently. Maritime spatial planning (MSP) works across borders and sectors to ensure human activities at sea take place in an efficient, safe and sustainable way. That is why the European Parliament and the ...