Suchergebnisse

In this article, we state that research on Roland Barthes is generally divided into two branches. On one hand, there are studies devoted to unearth how Barthes responds to contradictions opposing his projects, his ideas about literature and modernity and how literature and language really function in his contemporary social world. On the other hand, researchers try to follow the dialectics of his own work as embedded in the history of the 20th century and in different national or regional readings. We consider that the second approach has to be developed furthermore, mainly from the vantage point of East European researchers who are now able to reconsider Barthes' entire work in the light of their own historical and intellectual experience and to revisit its political dimension.

Since the middle of the 20th century, Christian churches have been involved internationally in development activities. In recent years, international agencies and national governments have recognised the role of religions in international development. This article reviews theological views on international development. For this purpose, official documents of the Roman Catholic Church, the ecumenical movement and the World Evangelical Alliance/Lausanne Movement are compared regarding concepts of development and its role in the mission of the Church and views on the world and humankind, actions and actors of development and eschatology. The study finds wide agreement in many aspects, but also some differences between the theological traditions. It discusses theological aspects that are relevant for the praxis of Christian development work and identifies issues that may need further research.

The novelist Luisa Carnés for her defense of labor rights, especially women, fits into the prewar social narrative. Her work shows the harsh working conditions of workers throughout the 20th century in Spain and in Mexican exile. Her novels and stories allow us to delve into the existence of insufficient legislation to defend workers against business abuses. ; La novelista Luisa Carnés por su defensa de los derechos laborales, especialmente de las mujeres, se encuadra en la narrativa social de la preguerra. Su obra muestra las duras condiciones laborales de los trabajadores a lo largo del siglo XX en España y en el exilio mexicano. Sus novelas y relatos nos permiten profundizar en la existencia de una legislación insuficiente para defender a los trabajadores frente a los abusos empresariales.

In the first half of the 20th century, a new genre developed in the Chinese visual arts, which is called the revolutionary historical painting. For more than 70 years, this trend in art has been supported by the state and has been in demand in the society. The early works of the revolutionary historical genre were mainly devoted to the opposition of the proletariat to imperialism, feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism during the new democratic revolution in China with the CCP playing the leading role in this struggle. Currently, Chinese artists working in the genre of revolutionary historical painting create works aimed at fostering the patriotic spirit and glorifying the greatness of China. The subjects of such works include not only heroic episodes of the revolutionary past, but also important events of our time.

Verified, fact-based information is presumed to be an important feature in society, for citizens individually and for democratic governance as a whole. During much the 20th century, legacy news media enjoyed a prominent position in attempting to fulfill that role, reporting on happenings near and far. Journalists professionalized over time, developing standards, norms, methods, and networks of sources that enabled them to make knowledge claims (Carlson, 2009). In recent years, journalists have further developed their knowledge-based practices to fit the affordances of digital media platforms, such as sourcing on social media (e.g., Lecheler & Kruikemeier, 2016; Hermida, Lewis, & Zamith, 2014). Journalists' epistemological activities— presumed to provide factual and reliable public information—have made journalism one of the most influential knowledge-producing institutions in society (Ekström & Westlund, 2019a).

Ranked choice voting first gained a foothold in the U.S. during the Progressive Movement in the 20th century as calls for electoral reforms grew. Ranked choice voting was implemented in many cities across the U.S. in both single- and multi-seat districts. But, by the 1940s it became a victim of its own success, turning the tides of the hegemonic white male leadership in U.S. legislative bodies with the election of women. Since the 1990s, ranked choice voting has once again gained traction in the U.S., this time with the focus on implementing single seat ranked choice voting. This article will build on the existing literature by filling in the gaps on how ranked choice voting—in both forms—has impacted women's representation both historically and in currently elected bodies in the U.S.

The beginning of military justice in the Romanian Principalities regard the Organic Regulations' era, where provisions concerning military discipline of the newly formed land-militia of both historical provinces were recorded. Subsequently, military justice continued to develop during the reign of Barbu Dimitrie Stirbei and prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza's time, whose reign also concerns, among other military reforms, the unification of military criminal legislation, by adopting a single regulation in both historical provinces. The Military Justice Code was adopted in 1873, being subsequently modified and completed in the years of 1881, 1894, 1905, 1906, 1916 and 1917, in order to keep up with social, economic and legislative changes, but especially with the ever-changing battlefield reality, in the era of turmoil that hit Europe at the end of 19th and beginning of 20th century.

The main objective of this paper is to analyze classic Disney comic book stories by writer/artist Carl Barks and to determine how their author emphasized issues and theories related to international politics of the 20th century such as the Cold War, colonialism, dependency theory, etc. Because Barks' works focused on developing countries and political and economic relations of societies and nations, certain parallels between US politics and comic plots can be found. In order to determine what issues were reflected and how they were was presented, plots of selected comics were analyzed through a set of questions about Donald Duck, his family and their role in the world where one can find communist countries, developing societies and dependencies between men, corporations, national identities and post-colonial states.

La novelista Luisa Carnés por su defensa de los derechos laborales, especialmente de las mujeres, se encuadra en la narrativa social de la preguerra. Su obra muestra las duras condiciones laborales de los trabajadores a lo largo del siglo XX en España y en el exilio mexicano. Sus novelas y relatos nos permiten profundizar en la existencia de una legislación insuficiente para defender a los trabajadores frente a los abusos empresariales ; The novelist Luisa Carnés for her defense of labor rights, especially women, fits into the prewar social narrative. Her work shows the harsh working conditions of workers throughout the 20th century in Spain and in Mexican exile. Her novels and stories allow us to delve into the existence of insufficient legislation to defend workers against business abuses

A historiographic review of the main epidemic episodes suffered by humanity from Prehistory to the 20th century is carried out, with the aim of analyzing the incidence that successive infectious-contagious diseases had in different societies at each time, regarding four study variables: social, economic, political and mentalities. Keywords Disease, population, poverty, crisis, social stigma, manipulation. ; Se realiza una revisión historiográfica de los principales episodios epidémicos sufridos por la humanidad desde la Prehistoria hasta el siglo XX, con el propósito de analizar la incidencia que han tenido las sucesivas enfermedades infecto-contagiosas en las diferentes sociedades en cada época, atendiendo a cuatro variables de estudio: la social, la económica, la política y la esfera de las mentalidades. Palabras clave Enfermedad, población, pobreza, crisis, estigmatización, manipulación.

The main objective of this paper is to analyze classic Disney comic book stories by writer/artist Carl Barks and to determine how their author emphasized issues and theories related to international politics of the 20th century such as the Cold War, colonialism, dependency theory, etc. Because Barks' works focused on developing countries and political and economic relations of societies and nations, certain parallels between US politics and comic plots can be found. In order to determine what issues were reflected and how they were was presented, plots of selected comics were analyzed through a set of questions about Donald Duck, his family and their role in the world where one can find communist countries, developing societies and dependencies between men, corporations, national identities and post-colonial states.

The political events and global socio-economic reforms carried out by social democrats in the early 20th century, expansion of the capital of Austria and the inflow of the working class caused the building of a "garden city" with rich infrastructure, parks and available and comfortable dwelling. The skills of advanced Austrian architects, ideological meaning together with economic forces, spatial concept and socialist slogans gave birth to a new architectural identity. ; Политические события и глобальные социально-экономические реформы, проведенные социал-демократами в начале XX в., экспансия столицы Австрии и наплыв рабочего класса стали причиной строительства «города-сада» с богатой инфраструктурой, парками и доступным комфортным жильем. Умения прогрессивных австрийских проектировщиков, идеологический смысл вместе с экономическими силами, пространственной концепцией и социалистическими лозунгами породили новую архитектурную идентичность.

This paper discusses the origins and institutional evolution of the European Monetary Union (EMU) in the light of two theoretical frameworks: the liberal federation proposed by Hayek and Robbins in the first half of the 20th century and the still prevailing neoclassical macroeconomic consensus. It is argued that before existing as Euro, the common currency was already a neoliberal project, in the sense of an ideal space for elevating market rules to a unique and definitive form of social and economic order. This neoliberal construction was technically legitimized by a neoclassical economic theory founded on wrong epistemological principles, which prevented a correct understanding of the economic and social challenges faced by the Eurozone. The result is a crisis prone configuration that will keep endangering EMU's political and economic stability.

By the end of the 20th century, deinstitutionalisation had become a pervasive trend in the Western world. This thematic issue discusses how successful deinstitutionalisation has been in enabling dignified and safe living with necessary services in local communities. It contributes to an understanding of the history and phases of deinstitutionalisation and 'home turn' policies, and sheds light on the grassroots‐level of home‐ and community‐based work at the margins of welfare, hitherto little researched. The latter includes grassroots work to implement the Housing First approach to homelessness, commonly portrayed as a means of social inclusion, worker-client interactions during home visits and in the local community, as well as close inspections of what 'housing support' may actually entail in terms of care, discipline and service user participation.

The events and activities of the convention of Tobolsk Governorate's country doctors are reconstructed for the first time in historiography. The convention took place in January-February 1911 and was the first professional medical forum in Siberia. The convention is considered to be an important indicator for the development of non-governmental initiative. Taking into account archival records and published documents that are being introduced into the academic context for the first time, we reveal the background of the convention, describe the materials, the agenda, basic resolutions and results of the sessions. The doctors' convention highlights the development of corporate self-management of the regional medical community. In the early 20th century the latter grew mature enough to formulate collective interests, to adjust governmental activities in the health care to the local specifics.