Suchergebnisse

International audience ; Contradictory Orders and Destructive Coordination: The Iranian Disease The concept of 'mode of coordination' captures the way economy is embedded in social relationships and influences the integration of society through an 'instituted process.' Three main typical or ideal modes of coordination have been identified in the literature, namely the market, the bureaucratic and the ethical (reciprocity) modes of coordination (Polanyi 1944, [1957] 1968; Lindblom 1977; and Kornai, 1984, 1992). Our purpose is to introduce another type of coordination that we name 'destructive mode of coordination'. It is social organisation through the use of coercive means. This type of coordination has almost been entirely neglected in the literature, although it has existed since ancient times in different forms and varieties. A typical recent illustration is the social order under the Islamic Republic of Iran that will be the focus of the paper. ; Le concept de 'mode de coordination' saisit la façon dont une économie est imbriquée dans les relations sociales et influence l'intégration d'une société à travers un 'processus institué'. Trois principaux modes de coordination ont été identifiés dans la littérature, à savoir le mode de coordination par le marché (dont la figure emblématique est l'Angleterre depuis la révolution industrielle), la redistribution (dont l'une des figures emblématiques récentes est l'économie type soviétique), et la réciprocité (dont la figure emblématique est les tribus ou communauté de parenté) (Polanyi 1944, [1957] 1968 ; Lindblom 1977 ; Kornai 1984, 1992). Notre objectif est d'introduire un nouveau type de coordination que nous nommerons 'mode de coordination destructive'. C'est une forme d'intégration sociale par chantage, menace, intimidation, agression, violence, ou nuisance. Ce type de mode de coordination a été pratiquement entièrement négligé dans la littérature, même s'il existe depuis les temps anciens sous différentes formes et variétés. Une illustration récente typique est ...

International audience ; Contradictory Orders and Destructive Coordination: The Iranian Disease The concept of 'mode of coordination' captures the way economy is embedded in social relationships and influences the integration of society through an 'instituted process.' Three main typical or ideal modes of coordination have been identified in the literature, namely the market, the bureaucratic and the ethical (reciprocity) modes of coordination (Polanyi 1944, [1957] 1968; Lindblom 1977; and Kornai, 1984, 1992). Our purpose is to introduce another type of coordination that we name 'destructive mode of coordination'. It is social organisation through the use of coercive means. This type of coordination has almost been entirely neglected in the literature, although it has existed since ancient times in different forms and varieties. A typical recent illustration is the social order under the Islamic Republic of Iran that will be the focus of the paper. ; Le concept de 'mode de coordination' saisit la façon dont une économie est imbriquée dans les relations sociales et influence l'intégration d'une société à travers un 'processus institué'. Trois principaux modes de coordination ont été identifiés dans la littérature, à savoir le mode de coordination par le marché (dont la figure emblématique est l'Angleterre depuis la révolution industrielle), la redistribution (dont l'une des figures emblématiques récentes est l'économie type soviétique), et la réciprocité (dont la figure emblématique est les tribus ou communauté de parenté) (Polanyi 1944, [1957] 1968 ; Lindblom 1977 ; Kornai 1984, 1992). Notre objectif est d'introduire un nouveau type de coordination que nous nommerons 'mode de coordination destructive'. C'est une forme d'intégration sociale par chantage, menace, intimidation, agression, violence, ou nuisance. Ce type de mode de coordination a été pratiquement entièrement négligé dans la littérature, même s'il existe depuis les temps anciens sous différentes formes et variétés. Une illustration récente typique est celle de l'ordre social sous la République Islamique d'Iran.

This paper concentrates on the question whether and where the lack of auditory perception can be traced in the early sound productions of deaf infants. A sensorimotor description system based on movements in the phonatory and articulatory speech production systems was developed to classify early infant vocalizations. Canonical babbling is a strong cue in the normal speech developmental process. Therefore the main question in this work was why deaf infants do not start to babble in their first year of life like normally hearing children do. Detailed analyses of early vocalizations of deaf and hearing infants revealed that auditory feedback is needed to lead to coordination of movements of the phonatory and the articulatory system, and that this coordination capacity is a prerequisite for the development of normal speech production.

Family benefits in Regulation 883/2004 comprise a broad palette of benefits intended to meet family expenses. The coordination rules on family benefits are based on the idea that it is irrelevant who the recipient of the benefit is, assuming that the benefit is not related to individual rights. Rather, the family/child is the focus. The children of migrant Union citizens are to receive the highest possible benefits from the Member States involved. This is achieved through the principle of exportability from the competent Member State to family members residing in another Member State, as well as through a complex system of overlapping rules for determining primary and secondary responsibility. The CJEU has interpreted the notion of a family benefit in a broad way, which includes income-based benefits paid during child-rearing periods. Over the years, it has been acknowledged that this creates coordination problems. To this end, specific coordination rules have been proposed regarding family benefits that are intended to replace income during periods of child-raising. These rules clarify that such benefits, although they are family benefits, are individual rights and are to be coordinated in a specific way. This article describes and analyses the challenges related to coordinating family benefits, with a particular focus on benefits related to child-rearing, in the light of the proposed amendments.

The draft report of the Committee on Open University, Open Tertiary Education, is criticized on the grounds that it is overly conservative and makes little contribution to the opening up of tertiary education in Australia. The problems inherent in government committees, particularly in the field of education, are considered. Using the data provided in the report, the current closed system of tertiary education is criticized and a number of proposals, alternative to those made in the report, are presented for consideration.