Suchergebnisse

The struggle to control women's destinies and bodies through law is a well-known issue. The Islamic republic of Iran is no stranger to such an attempt, and in 2013 the conservative Majles introduced two bills: the Bill to increase Fertility Rates and Prevent Population Decline (Bill 446) and the Comprehensive Population and Exaltation of Family Bill (Bill 315). These bills were the outcome of the Guide Ayatollah Khameini's decision that family planning should be reformed and that policies on population control should be lifted. Altogether, these laws challenge sexual and reproductive rights as guaranteed under several international law documents ratified by Iran. The purpose of this article is to look into the two Bills to extract the conservative Shia thought lingering behind them, and to critically examine it before moving to study the strategy to promote such views inside the republic. The overall focus will be that of the protection and implementation of women's rights from an Islamic and a universalist perspective, looking at traditional women's rights paradigms.

BRI project that will be held by China to connect countries in Europe, Asia, Middle East and Africa through Maritime Silk Road and Land Silk Road. This project will accelerate economy between countries who joined with this project. Africa as the potential partner have abundant resources energy that China require to maintain their position as the largest industrial producer in the world. China offering investment total of $ 60 billion to Africa and pledge to assist them to build infrastructure, technology, agriculture and any project that Africa need to develop their countries so they can compete in this globalization revolution industrial era. On this paper, we will analyse China position with their BRI project in Africa using Political Economy Approach by Weingast & Wittman and why China willingly to give investment total of $ 60 billion to Africa which is some Africa countries maybe can't pay back their loans. Is this will become risk investment for China itself in the future?

In critical border studies Europe is often compared to a border-zone, border-land, border-space or even-border-scape. This article sets out from Balibar's concepts of heterogeneity and ubiquity of borders today in order to explore Europe as a borderland, i.e. a zone of transition and mobility without territorial fixity. Lacan's concept of "lituraterre" helps us to consider the making and unmaking Europian borders through the erratic movements of migrants. ; Kritične mejne študije Evropo pogosto primerjajo z mejnim območjem, mejnim ozemljem, mejnim prostorom ali celo mejno pokrajno. Pripujoči članek izhaja iz Balibarjevih konceptov heterogenosti in vsepričujočnost mej danes, da bi raziskala Evropo kot mejno območje, to je, kot območje prehodov in mobilnosti, ki ne pozna ozemeljske fiksnosti. Lacanov koncept »lituraterre« omogoča misliti nastajanje in odpravljanje evropskih meja s pomočjo eratičnih gibanj migratov.

Peer Reviewed ; [EN] Commission's expectations on eventual compliance explain its different behaviour when dealing with Rule of Law (RoL) crises in Hungary and Poland. Whilst the Commission activated the first stage of the procedure of article 7 against Poland in December 2017, it resisted to launch the same procedure against the Hungarian government despite mounting criticism and demands from both academics and EU institutions. The Commission considers that compliance depends, on last instance, on the cooperation of domestic authorities. Accordingly, it prefers to engage with them in dialogue and persuasion rather than activating enforcement mechanisms. If engagement strategies fail to obtain compliance, the Commission anticipates the consequence of activating article 7 enforcement: whether it can rely or not on Council support and the effects of not having it and it also anticipates negative consequences such as the future attitude of the affected member state vis-á-vis the EU. This paper is part of the project Institutional design in comparative regional integration (InDeCRI) (CSO2016-76130-P) https://www.researchgate.net/project/Institutional-Design-in-Comparative-Regional-Integration-InDeCRI which is supported by a grant from the Spanish Research Agency. I presented a former version of this paper with the title The Commission and article 7. Explaining inaction … praising action? at EUSA, Miami 4-6 May 2017 and the ECPR General Conference, Oslo 6-9 September 2017. I thank Tanja Börzel, Johannes Pollack and the participants in both panels for their insightful comments; to Elin Helquist for her insights into sanctions literature to her and Daniela Vintila for their kind comments on an earlier draft. Two JEPP anonymous referees have also provided excellent feedback on the article.

El artículo busca hacer una presentación de dos momentos del desarrollo del pensamiento de Habermas. En la primera parte se realiza una exposición crítica de la concepción habermasiana de la sociedad para señalar las limitaciones y contradicciones de su diagnóstico de la modernidad. En la segunda, se reconstruye la propuesta deliberativa del derecho y la democracia, hecha por Habermas en Faktizitat und Geltung, con el fin de mostrar su relevancia frente a los problemas de la crisis de legitimidad del liberalismo. ; It is made here a two-moments presentation of the thought of Jürgen Habermas. First, Habermas concept of society is critically examined to bring out the limits and contradictions it has when diagnosing modemity. Second, the proposal he made in Faktizitiit and Geltung about deliberative law and democracy is reconstructed to expose its importance concerning the crisis of liberalism legitimacy.

State-led development visions and the accompanying large-scale investments at the geographical margins of Kenya rest on the potential of public&ndash ; private partnerships to fast-tract sustainable development through accelerated investments. Yet, the conceptualisation, planning and implementation of these visions often deploy a depoliticising development discourse that reinforces and expands long-standing misconceptions about the margins primarily directed at pastoral livelihoods and related communal land tenure. This paper illustrates how the implementation of a wind energy project employs the corporate strategies of depoliticising both land claims and development interventions. In Northern Kenya, private sector participation in large-scale wind energy infrastructure has created a complex development apparatus in which players are empowered to undertake the accelerated investments required to shape the delivery of the Kenya Vision 2030 in the region. An analysis of corporate actors&rsquo ; strategies in the implementation of the contested wind farm presents a depoliticised framing of &ldquo ; low-cost green energy&rdquo ; representations of pastoral land tenure and corporate social responsibility strategies through which dispossession is justified and legitimised. This case underscores the extent to which corporate counterresistance is shaped by the reproduction of a historical depoliticised discourse about pastoralism and communal tenure and challenges the traditional narrative of government hegemony against local resistance to large-scale land acquisitions (LSLAs).

Are Canadian travel advisories driven by a benign concern for the safety of Canadians, or are they driven by political motivations? To what extent are travel advisories administered by Canada linked to or guided by Canadian foreign policy? This paper comparatively assesses Canada's willingness to impose travel advisories on states with which it has strong political relationships and those with which it has poor or weak political relationships. It surveys all Canadian advisories that deem there to be a "threat of terrorism," representing a relatively constant risk variable in each state as measured by the Global Terrorism Index (GTI) (Institute for Economics & Peace [IEP] 2018). This study finds that Canada's travel advisories fall into three categories: commensurate, incommensurate-erroneous, and incommensurate-politically motivated. Both types of incommensurate advisories are illustrated with the examples of Mauritania and the United States. Ultimately, Canada's traveller information program lacks rigorous guidelines and creates opportunities for error or foreign policy influence. This results in inconsistent travel advisories that run the risk of misinforming Canadian travellers, deterring their travel or putting them at risk unwittingly.

With the postmodernist realignment of our epistemological foundations, contemporary documentary has come to be marked by the idea that problematizing the relationship with the real is inherently good and progressive, and that the core quality of contemporary documentary has come to be its suspicion towards its own relationship to the real (Steyerl 2011; Rangan 2014; Takahashi 2015). In a time, which the assertion of the indiscernibility between fact and fiction has been appropriated by discourses of power I will argue that the facticity of reality needs our attention and care more than our suspicion. Thus, following philosophical proposals for a new empiricism (Latour 2004; Haraway 1988), and a Bazinian ontologization of cinema (Bazin 2005a, 2005b), I will argue for the persistence of observational documentary and a new critical realism set in the vein of contemporary observational documentary practises like Lucien Castaing-Taylor and Véréna Paravel's Leviathan (2012) and Kevin Jerome Everson's Tonsler Park (2017).