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THIS PAPAER IS WRITTEN FROM AN ALTERNATIVE SET OF ASSUMPTIONS.- MAINLY THAT THE CHINESE PRES IS NOT NECESSARILY OR ENTIRELY BEYOND UNDERSTANDING IN TERMS OF A BROAD SET OF FUNCTIONAL CONCEPTS APPLICABLE IN A HOST OF OTHERWISE DISTINCTIVE CULTURES. THE NEW CHINA NEWS AGENCY IS CENTRAL TO THE OPERATION OF ALL THE MEDIA IN CHINA AND HAS A NEAR MONOPOLY.

The article imports insights from prospect theory into the study of integration choices of ruling elites from Eastern Partnership countries. It introduces the notion of multi-attribute reference points and provides an example of identifying their coordinates, against which ruling elites from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine are expected to consider distinct integration choices: the European Union or Eurasian Economic Union. The research finds that ruling elites from Eastern Partnership countries with the lowest levels of affluence, with medium to high intensity conflicts with Russia and with lower, but still non-trivial costs of domestic transformation have tended to be risk-seeking and opted for the European Union as an integration choice. However, ruling elites from Eastern Partnership countries with low and medium levels of affluence, with no conflict with Russia and with medium to high costs of domestic transformation have tended to be risk-averse and selected the Eurasian Economic Union as an integration option.

In the past three years, a trend towards the centralisation of decision-making power in Chinese foreign policy instituted by Xi Jinping has become more and more apparent. The driver of the shift in Chinese foreign policy is the reform of its decision-making system. The 'reform' not only refers to institution building but also includes change of the former procedures of foreign policy decisionmaking to create a more efficient decision-making system.

Blaker, M.: Evaluating Japan's diplomatic performance. S. 1-42. Campbell, J. C.: Japan and the United States. S. 43-61. Titus, D. A.: Accessing the world: Palace and foreign policy in post-occupation Japan. S. 62-89. Thayer, N. B.: Japanese foreign policy in the Nakasone years. S. 90-104. Pempel, T. J.: From exporter to investor: Japans foreign economic policy. S. 105-136. Rosenbluth, F. M.: Japan's response to the strong Yen. S. 137-159. Curran, T. J.: Internationalization, innovation, and the role of Japanese multinational corporations in U.S.-Japan relations. S. 160-178. Donnelly, M. W.: Japan's nuclear energy quest. S. 179-201. Levin, N. D:: The strategic dimension of Japanese foreign policy. S. 202-217. Weinstein, M. E.: Japan's foreign policy options. S. 218-234. Pharr, S. J.: Japan's defensive foreign policy and the politics of burden sharing. S. 235-262. Ahn, B.: Japanese policy towards Korea. S. 263-273. Saito, M.: Japan's "northward" foreign policy. S. 274-302. Se Hee Yoo: Sino-Japanese relations in a changing East Asia. S. 303-322. Yasutomo, D. T.: The politicization of Japan's "Post Cold War" multilateral diplomacy. S. 323-346. Ueki, Y.: Japan's UN diplomacy. S. 347-370

Eurojargon explains the meaning of more than 3,000 acronyms, abbreviations and sobriquets used across the European Union to identify European projects, schemes, and agencies (often used to avoid the problem of translation): many have crept into everyday use over recent years and have become almost a language in themselves. Eurojargon is an attempt to bring together those used within the context of the EU.Some have been included that are from a wider context that that of the EU, such as European associations and organizations recognized by the EU. Addresses are given where appropriate. Uniquely, references to official texts are cited in brackets after the description. The alphabetical listing follows the principle of "letter by letter". Any descriptive text in capital letters indicates that there is an entry under that heading in the alphabetical sequence. The sixth edition of Eurojargon contains a large number of additional entries as well as updated information on those included in earlier editions.Eurojargon is aimed at a wide range of user-specialist consultants in EU information, academics and students, information specialists, economists and, politicians.

This article attempts to understand the response of the EU to the Danish Cartoon Crisis that took place in early 2006. The puzzle is that at first, the EU only provided support for Denmark in relation to the immediate implications of the crisis - suggesting that the Member States disagreed on fundamental aspects of the crisis - but, after one month, the EU provided support to Denmark apparently accepting the official Danish view of the crisis in terms of principles. The article applies a constructivist framework for understanding the EU's response to national foreign policy crises in an analysis of the EU's response to the Danish Cartoon Crisis. The analysis indicates that the framework is useful for understanding how the EU responds to crises in general. The character of the response depends on the degree of EU acquis in the area of the crisis. The impact of the Lisbon Treaty and the broader implications of the framework are discussed.

Protected areas (PAs) constitute major tools in nature conservation. In the European Union (EU), the Birds and Habitats Directives are the most important policies for conservation strategy, legally preserving Europe's characteristic, rare, endemic and threatened biota. We used occurrence data for species listed in the directives' Annexes to assess the uniqueness of major PAs in the EU (National Parks, Biosphere Reserves); this is important for preserving the EU's focal species. We developed a novel, multifunctional approach to calculate different metrics of conservation value that represent different components of species diversity within the PAs, involving inventory diversity, deviation from the species–area relationship, species rarity and differentiation diversity. Applying it, we found that individual PAs frequently vary considerably in their scores on different components, which are often disconnected from PA size. PAs around the EU periphery, often containing few species, are key to conserving species that are rare in the EU. Because our analysis focuses on EU priority species and includes different components of diversity, it allows more appropriate estimation of conservation value inside PAs in context of the EU than recent, high-profile, global-level research. We offer tools to evaluate, and information to regulate, the representativeness, persistence and efficiency of PAs.

Protected areas (PAs) constitute major tools in nature conservation. In the European Union (EU), the Birds and Habitats Directives are the most important policies for conservation strategy, legally preserving Europe's characteristic, rare, endemic and threatened biota. We used occurrence data for species listed in the directives' Annexes to assess the uniqueness of major PAs in the EU (National Parks, Biosphere Reserves); this is important for preserving the EU's focal species. We developed a novel, multifunctional approach to calculate different metrics of conservation value that represent different components of species diversity within the PAs, involving inventory diversity, deviation from the species–area relationship, species rarity and differentiation diversity. Applying it, we found that individual PAs frequently vary considerably in their scores on different components, which are often disconnected from PA size. PAs around the EU periphery, often containing few species, are key to conserving species that are rare in the EU. Because our analysis focuses on EU priority species and includes different components of diversity, it allows more appropriate estimation of conservation value inside PAs in context of the EU than recent, high-profile, global-level research. We offer tools to evaluate, and information to regulate, the representativeness, persistence and efficiency of PAs.

Protected areas (PAs) constitute major tools in nature conservation. In the European Union (EU), the Birds and Habitats Directives are the most important policies for conservation strategy, legally preserving Europe's characteristic, rare, endemic and threatened biota. We used occurrence data for species listed in the directives' Annexes to assess the uniqueness of major PAs in the EU (National Parks, Biosphere Reserves); this is important for preserving the EU's focal species. We developed a novel, multifunctional approach to calculate different metrics of conservation value that represent different components of species diversity within the PAs, involving inventory diversity, deviation from the species–area relationship, species rarity and differentiation diversity. Applying it, we found that individual PAs frequently vary considerably in their scores on different components, which are often disconnected from PA size. PAs around the EU periphery, often containing few species, are key to conserving species that are rare in the EU. Because our analysis focuses on EU priority species and includes different components of diversity, it allows more appropriate estimation of conservation value inside PAs in context of the EU than recent, high-profile, global-level research. We offer tools to evaluate, and information to regulate, the representativeness, persistence and efficiency of PAs.

Protected areas (PAs) constitute major tools in nature conservation. In the European Union (EU), the Birds and Habitats Directives are the most important policies for conservation strategy, legally preserving Europe's characteristic, rare, endemic and threatened biota. We used occurrence data for species listed in the directives' Annexes to assess the uniqueness of major PAs in the EU (National Parks, Biosphere Reserves); this is important for preserving the EU's focal species. We developed a novel, multifunctional approach to calculate different metrics of conservation value that represent different components of species diversity within the PAs, involving inventory diversity, deviation from the species-area relationship, species rarity and differentiation diversity. Applying it, we found that individual PAs frequently vary considerably in their scores on different components, which are often disconnected from PA size. PAs around the EU periphery, often containing few species, are key to conserving species that are rare in the EU. Because our analysis focuses on EU priority species and includes different components of diversity, it allows more appropriate estimation of conservation value inside PAs in context of the EU than recent, high-profile, global-level research. We offer tools to evaluate, and information to regulate, the representativeness, persistence and efficiency of PAs.

Protected areas (PAs) constitute major tools in nature conservation. In the European Union (EU), the Birds and Habitats Directives are the most important policies for conservation strategy, legally preserving Europe's characteristic, rare, endemic and threatened biota. We used occurrence data for species listed in the directives' Annexes to assess the uniqueness of major PAs in the EU (National Parks, Biosphere Reserves); this is important for preserving the EU's focal species. We developed a novel, multifunctional approach to calculate different metrics of conservation value that represent different components of species diversity within the PAs, involving inventory diversity, deviation from the species–area relationship, species rarity and differentiation diversity. Applying it, we found that individual PAs frequently vary considerably in their scores on different components, which are often disconnected from PA size. PAs around the EU periphery, often containing few species, are key to conserving species that are rare in the EU. Because our analysis focuses on EU priority species and includes different components of diversity, it allows more appropriate estimation of conservation value inside PAs in context of the EU than recent, high-profile, global-level research. We offer tools to evaluate, and information to regulate, the representativeness, persistence and efficiency of PAs.