Suchergebnisse

Cancer, the second leading cause of death both globally and in Turkey, has become a priority among today's health problems. With the development of early diagnosis and modern treatment methods, designing appropriate and flexible healthcare facilities to integrate those achievements and ensure high quality treatment has become an essential design problem. Additionally, although there is a widespread belief that patients are uninterested in their surroundings due to the gravity of their illnesses, a considerable number of studies have introduced the 'healing environment concept' as a substantial input for healthcare architecture, stating that a great majority of patients are closely interested in and deeply affected by the architectural environment in healthcare facilities. The aim of this thesis is to present a design guide for cancer treatment services that is compatible with both the healing environment concept and the medical applications, health manpower, and cultural habits of Turkey. In this context, studies conducted on the healing environment concept have been analyzed, the legislation of some selected countries for cancer treatment service design have been assessed, and finally, all the data have been filtered and combined with the medical applications and preferences in Turkey's healthcare system. The resulting design principles are revealed according to the criteria of general settlement principles, internal function relations, medical necessities, patient and family/visitor experience, healthy working environments, interior design, social interaction and privacy, safety, and landscape design and outdoor relations. To strengthen the findings, proposed plans, diagrams and schematic drawings have been used in the narrative. ; Thesis (Ph.D.) -- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences. Architecture.

AIM: To assess oral health knowledge of pregnant women visiting Government Maternity Hospital, Hyderabad. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 606 pregnant women aged 18–40 years old. Oral health knowledge of respondents was assessed using the 14-item self-administered questionnaire and responses were recorded on a dichotomous scale (yes/no). The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) package version 20.0. RESULTS: Overall inadequate knowledge regards to oral health was observed among 55.8% pregnant women. Based on knowledge regarding tooth decay, 71.6% of study participants believed that every painful tooth has to be removed and 81% of respondents were unaware of brushing with fluoridated toothpaste prevents tooth decay. Similarly, with respect to gum disease, 77.7% of subjects were not aware of gum disease and around 49.8% unacquainted that bleeding during tooth brushing indicates gum problems. It is enriching to observe, 94.1% of respondents felt oral health is important for general health. On the other hand, a quite alarmingly high percentage (73.9%) of subjects does not know the relationship between oral health and pregnancy. Furthermore, 91.1% and 65.5% of participants were ignorant that pregnancy can increase the tendency of gums to swell or bleed and poor oral health affect their unborn baby, respectively. More than three-fourths of the study participants (84%) had never visited dentist CONCLUSION: The study highlights limited knowledge allied to oral health among pregnant women and problem-oriented dental visits indicating an urge among this group to scale up their knowledge.

BACKGROUND: To analyse the impact of austerity measures taken by European governments as a response to the 2008 economic and financial crisis on social determinants on child health (SDCH), and child health outcomes (CHO). METHODS: A systematic literature review was carried out in Medline (Ovid), Embase, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and Sociological abstracts in the last 5 years from European countries. Studies aimed at analysing the Great Recession, governments' responses to the crisis, and its impact on SDCH were included. A narrative synthesis of the results was carried out. The risk of bias was assessed using the STROBE and EPICURE tools. RESULTS: Fourteen studies were included, most of them with a low to intermediate risk of bias (average score 72.1%). Government responses to the crisis varied, although there was general agreement that Greece, Spain, Ireland and the United Kingdom applied higher levels of austerity. High austerity periods, compared to pre-austerity periods were associated with increased material deprivation, child poverty rates, and low birth weight. Increasing child poverty subsequent to austerity measures was associated with deterioration of child health. High austerity was also related to poorer access and quality of services provided to disabled children. An annual reduction of 1% on public health expenditure was associated to 0.5% reduction on Measles-Mumps-Rubella vaccination coverage in Italy. CONCLUSIONS: Countries that applied high level of austerity showed worse trends on SDCH and CHO, demonstrating the importance that economic policy may have for equity in child health and development. European governments must act urgently and reverse these austerity policy measures that are detrimental to family benefits and child protection.

Globalization and threats of present military conflicts contribute to the necessity to acquire intercultural competence by prospective specialists of combat and operational support. The aim of the article is to analyze effective forms, methods and tools of building intercultural competence by prospective specialists of combat and operational support. The following theoretical methods are applied in the research: content-analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature, syllabuses of cadets' training, curricular of basic, general military and professional, special military training disciplines in order to generalize and classify the material. The scientific novelty of research lies in the analysis of popular teaching forms and methods in Ukrainian military educational institutes, the display of teaching form and methods that are common in foreign military educational institutes, substantiation of effective forms and methods of building intercultural competence by prospective specialists of combat and operational support. The conventional forms of cooperative training of cadets are represented by: separate and joint training, command headquarters, preparedness training, tactical and basic training, military games, theoretical lessons, tactical and drill exercises, instructive sessions, maneuvers. In Ukrainian educational military institutes while teaching Humanities and Social Sciences the methods of oral presentation, discussions, visual and practical teaching methods dominate. Within building intercultural competence in prospective specialists it is expedient to use active and interactive teaching such as role plays, simulations, problem solving (methods of incidents), cases, projects and presentations. Independent work (classroom, extracurricular, work with course books, individual mastery of weapons and equipment, independent acquisition of computer programs) fosters cadets' knowledge, abilities and skills. The conclusions: application of active and interactive teaching methods boosts the effectiveness of ...

This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Research in Extraction, Detection and Analysis of Food Contaminants. ; In this work, the QuEChERS method coupled to liquid chromatography-time-of flight-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-triple quadrupole-mass spectrometry were applied for the evaluation of pesticide residues and risk assessment in red wines. The methodologies were successfully validated for 173 pesticides. Recovery values were in the range 75–100% for almost all pesticides and limits of quantification were between 2.60 and 21.39 µg/kg, which are in good agreement with the maximum residue limits (MRLs) established by the European Commission for pesticides in wine grapes. Finally, the analysis of 84 red wine samples from the Canary Islands, the Iberian Peninsula, and Cape Verde was carried out, which found the presence of 31 pesticide residues. However, the risk assessment disclosed that despite the large number of pesticides and the concentrations found, which in some cases exceeded the MRLs, the consumption of these wines, without considering a possible cumulative effect, does not entail a risk to the consumers. ; This work has been supported by the European Project Pervemac II (Mac/1.1a/049). Á.S.-M. and R.R.-R. would like to thank the Canary Agency of Economy, Industry, Trade and Knowledge of the Government of the Canary Islands for the FPI fellowship (co-financed 85% from the European Social Funds). B.S.-R. would like to thank the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities for her "Juan de la Cierva" postdoctoral grant. The authors would like to acknowledge the use of the Research Support General Service (SEGAI) of the University of La Laguna. ; Peer reviewed

The article offers a new model of materialist philosophical critique (general technocritique or digital critique) as a critical response to new materialism(s). Drawing on the reinterpretation of the legacy of European philosophies and works by Bernard Stiegler, the article strives to elaborate authentically new theoretical account of matter, notably in relation to the techno-logical mode of its organisation. The critique of new materialism(s) is positioned within the unprecedented crisis of the theoretical model of knowledge. What it is possible to discover by the end of the second decade of the 21st century is that humanities scholars have not managed to confront the central issue for their viable future: the whole theoretical and methodological model, which has so far provided fuel for the contemporary humanities and shaped our social class, postcolonial, gender, queer and other sensibilities, is plunging into a deep epistemological crisis, for having lost its efficient and final cause. In a nutshell, the modelof "doing theory," is no longer valid, inasmuch as "theory" strangely misrecognized the revolutionary developments in cybernetics, which occurred in the 1950s and radically changed the very nature of knowledge. Therefore, a new epistēmē has to be formed in this new digital condition. However, the formation of this new epistēmē requires for us to radically transform what is referred to as "theory" or "critical theory" and to take into account the developments in the sciences and technology (not necessarily in the methodological framework offered by what is defined as STS) in order to lay the foundations under a new critique of political economy in the hyper-material era.

Ecological connectivity is at the base of ecosystems' health, including species protection and human well-being. The Alpine area is the scene of continuous interactions between human activities and wildlife, which may turn into concrete conflicts. Adequate prevention and management of human-wildlife conflicts require several adjustments to the practices of many sectors, including agriculture, breeding, forestry, hunting, transport, waste management, outdoor activities in the mountain, as well as dealing with general concerns of many rural residents, tourists and the opinions of the large public. There are basic needs that must be preserved, different goals that can be negotiated among stakeholders and different attitudes that can escalate to very high levels and dominate the political debate. Many impacts can be mitigated in a technical way through the adoption of rules and suitable solutions, but this is not enough. The maintenance of ecological networks and the survival of many wildlife species rely not just on innovative solutions, but also on an increased tolerance and social carrying capacity that cannot be achieved only by laws, science, money, or fences alone. It ́s a long term process that empowers stakeholders to become involved in dynamic constructive change processes to build sustainable and equitable conditions for coexistence. Identify and analyzing conflicts, inform and improve scientific knowledge, raise awareness, open up dialogue among different competences, favor the transfer and the coordination at national and international level, and manage conflicts at the local level are key elements that can, at the same time, prevent disputes and transform them into opportunities for coexistence. ; open

As far back as the industrial revolution, significant development in technical innovation has succeeded in transforming numerous manual tasks and processes that had been in existence for decades where humans had reached the limits of physical capacity. Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers this same transformative potential for the augmentation and potential replacement of human tasks and activities within a wide range of industrial,intellectual and social applications. The pace of change for this new AI technological age is staggering, with new breakthroughs in algorithmic machine learning and autonomous decision-making, engendering new opportunities for continued innovation. The impact of AI could be significant, with industries ranging from: finance, healthcare, manufacturing, retail, supply chain, logistics and utilities, all potentially disrupted by the onset of AI technologies. The study brings together the collective insight from a number of leading expert contributors to highlight the significant opportunities, realistic assessment of impact, challenges and potential research agenda posed by the rapid emergence of AI within a number of domains: business and management, government, public sector, and science and technology. This research offers significant and timely insight to AI technology and its impact on the future of industry and society in general, whilst recognising the societal and industrial influence on pace and direction of AI development. ; If this is to be REF-eligible it needs a full text file attached, this cannot be the final published pdf but could be the version after review but before publisher formatting applied. RVO 3/10/19 Now more than 3 months post-publication and no file supplied so passing metadata only

Summary information on the results of the international roundtable «The Effectiveness of Criminal Law: Doctrinal, Legislative and Law Enforcement Issues» is provided. The main topics of the speakers are summarized below: the issues of doctrinal support for the effectiveness of criminal legislation; the impact of lawmaking and enforcement activities on the effectiveness of criminal law as a branch of law; issues of the General and Special part of the criminal law and interdisciplinary relations of the sciences of the criminal cycle from the point of view of the effectiveness of regulation of social processes in the developed country by civil society, etc. ; Изложена обзорная информация по результатам проведенного в г. Харькове международного «круглого стола» «Эффективность уголовного законодательства: доктринальные, законотворческие и правоприменительные проблемы ее обеспечения». Приводятся основные тезисы докладчиков, которые сводятся к обсуждению: вопросов доктринального обеспечения эффективности уголовного законодательства; влияния законотворческой и правоприменительной деятельности на эффективность уголовного права как отрасли права; вопросы Общей и Особенной части уголовного права и междисциплинарных связей наук уголовно-правового цикла с позиции эффективности регулирования общественных процессов в развитой стране гражданским обществом и т.п. ; Викладена оглядова інформація за результатами проведеного у м. Харкові міжнародного «круглого столу» «Ефективність кримінального законодавства: доктринальні, законотворчі та правозастосовні проблеми її забезпечення». Наводяться основні тези доповідачів, які зводяться до обговорення: питань доктринального забезпечення ефективності кримінального законодавства; впливу законотворчої та правозастосовної діяльності на ефективність кримінального права як галузі права; питання Загальної і Особливої частини кримінального права і міждисциплінарних зв'язків наук кримінально-правового циклу з позиції ефективності регулювання суспільних процесів у розвинутій країні громадянським суспільством тощо.

Summary information on the results of the international roundtable «The Effectiveness of Criminal Law: Doctrinal, Legislative and Law Enforcement Issues» is provided. The main topics of the speakers are summarized below: the issues of doctrinal support for the effectiveness of criminal legislation; the impact of lawmaking and enforcement activities on the effectiveness of criminal law as a branch of law; issues of the General and Special part of the criminal law and interdisciplinary relations of the sciences of the criminal cycle from the point of view of the effectiveness of regulation of social processes in the developed country by civil society, etc. ; Изложена обзорная информация по результатам проведенного в г. Харькове международного «круглого стола» «Эффективность уголовного законодательства: доктринальные, законотворческие и правоприменительные проблемы ее обеспечения». Приводятся основные тезисы докладчиков, которые сводятся к обсуждению: вопросов доктринального обеспечения эффективности уголовного законодательства; влияния законотворческой и правоприменительной деятельности на эффективность уголовного права как отрасли права; вопросы Общей и Особенной части уголовного права и междисциплинарных связей наук уголовно-правового цикла с позиции эффективности регулирования общественных процессов в развитой стране гражданским обществом и т.п. ; Викладена оглядова інформація за результатами проведеного у м. Харкові міжнародного «круглого столу» «Ефективність кримінального законодавства: доктринальні, законотворчі та правозастосовні проблеми її забезпечення». Наводяться основні тези доповідачів, які зводяться до обговорення: питань доктринального забезпечення ефективності кримінального законодавства; впливу законотворчої та правозастосовної діяльності на ефективність кримінального права як галузі права; питання Загальної і Особливої частини кримінального права і міждисциплінарних зв'язків наук кримінально-правового циклу з позиції ефективності регулювання суспільних процесів у розвинутій країні громадянським суспільством тощо.

BACKGROUND: Viral hepatitis is preventable, yet a global health priority. As hepatitis B (Hep B) remains an occupational risk for healthcare workers (HCWs), the Government of India recently mandated universal adult Hep B vaccination for all HCWs. However, in the absence of institutional policy, its real-time utilization in a hospital was dependent on individual's general awareness. Therefore, this study was designed to assess baseline knowledge, attitude, and practices among undergraduate medical and nursing students, the future HCWs, regarding Hep B at an apex healthcare institute at Uttarakhand. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive survey was carried out using self-administered questionnaire among undergraduate medical and nursing students of a medical college between July and September 2018. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Ver 22.0) was used for analysis. RESULTS: The study comprised 180 medical and 183 nursing students. About 55.0% of medical and 33.9% of nursing students were correctly aware about the disease; 98.3% of medical and 86.9% of nursing students were aware about vaccine. About 80.6% of medical and 87.4% of nursing students showed positive attitude, recognizing disease as a public health problem. However, only 82.8% of medical and 70.0% of nursing students underwent vaccination; mere 62.4% and 49.2% of vaccinated completed three-dose vaccination schedule, respectively. Furthermore, around 7% of them checked their titer post vaccination. CONCLUSION: Despite comparatively low awareness level about the disease, most students had sufficiently high knowledge about vaccine and underwent vaccination. However, only half of them could complete three-dose vaccination schedule. Only a handful of subjects underwent post-vaccination titer assessment, an instrumental approach to safeguard them against accidental Hep B exposure.

Recent discussions of climate change in multiple domains—the academic literature, the popular press, political movements, and international climate policy regime—have increasingly framed the phenomenon as a "crisis," an "emergency," or an "urgent" situation. In this paper, we contextualize the time pressure of climate change in the broader social science literature, perform bibliometric and discourse analyses of this framing, and explore potential implications of this trend for climate decision making. While the increased prevalence of time pressure terms is arguably part and parcel of modernity, these terms are in general not synonymous. In the context of climate decision making, we find that "urgency" functions as a boundary object relaying the internalization of time pressure between (1) the academic literature and the international climate change policy regime and (2) political movements and the popular press; especially as construed in these latter domains, "crisis" and "emergency" connote time pressure but so too generate a constellation of other affective and cognitive states. A review of a set of related literatures suggests that the time pressure framing of climate change affects the quantity and quality of information and the range of options (e.g., geoengineering) considered in choice processes for mitigation and adaptation actions, as well as the sequencing and timing of chosen plan elements; furthermore, these effects likely vary in both direction and magnitude with characteristics of the individuals or organizations in which they manifest. Taken as a whole, the crisis framing of climate change is likely to polarize beliefs and actions, especially in the absence of accompanying information about self-efficacy and hope.

In Senegal, despite recent health progress, water-related infections still constitute an acute urban health concern, particularly with regard to children. In the capital, Dakar, the rapid urbanization of recent decades lead to high population densities with diverse socio-economic profiles, in a very heterogeneous urban space. Often, underprivileged families also reside in areas with deficient living arrangements and subpar infrastructure, which means that Dakar's children may be exposed to very different risks for water-related infections. With this in mind, the present thesis analyzes the determinants of water-related diseases, focusing on the effects of behavior and the immediate environment. A mixed-methods approach is used, combining statistical models with semi-structured interviews. In terms of data collection and analysis, the general approach of the study follows a deductive and quantitatively-driven design, whereby the construction of the qualitative instrument is built upon the initial quantitative results. In the context of an ongoing debate regarding whether it is private actions or external physical conditions which determine the transmission of water-related diseases, the present study's results point to both spheres. Findings also indicate that health-related behavior in the family is often a function of the immediate environment, calling attention to the need to take into account characteristics of the wider area, when investigating infectious diseases. The research also points out that, in developing contexts, some of the commonly used statistical indicators may not convey an accurate picture of living conditions. Thus, complementary qualitative analyses may be necessary for a proper understanding of the risk factors involved in the transmission of water-related infections. ; (POLS - Sciences politiques et sociales) -- UCL, 2019

In Senegal, despite recent health progress, water-related infections still constitute an acute urban health concern, particularly with regard to children. In the capital, Dakar, the rapid urbanization of recent decades lead to high population densities with diverse socio-economic profiles, in a very heterogeneous urban space. Often, underprivileged families also reside in areas with deficient living arrangements and subpar infrastructure, which means that Dakar's children may be exposed to very different risks for water-related infections. With this in mind, the present thesis analyzes the determinants of water-related diseases, focusing on the effects of behavior and the immediate environment. A mixed-methods approach is used, combining statistical models with semi-structured interviews. In terms of data collection and analysis, the general approach of the study follows a deductive and quantitatively-driven design, whereby the construction of the qualitative instrument is built upon the initial quantitative results. In the context of an ongoing debate regarding whether it is private actions or external physical conditions which determine the transmission of water-related diseases, the present study's results point to both spheres. Findings also indicate that health-related behavior in the family is often a function of the immediate environment, calling attention to the need to take into account characteristics of the wider area, when investigating infectious diseases. The research also points out that, in developing contexts, some of the commonly used statistical indicators may not convey an accurate picture of living conditions. Thus, complementary qualitative analyses may be necessary for a proper understanding of the risk factors involved in the transmission of water-related infections. ; (POLS - Sciences politiques et sociales) -- UCL, 2019

Abstract. This paper describes a review of meta-analyses and systematic reviews, to explore what appears to be ineffective in reducing reoffending among people convicted of crime. The focus of this review is on secondary or tertiary crime prevention initiatives, concentrating on interventions aiming to reduce offending among adults serving sentences in custody or the community. Twenty-one reviews met the inclusion criteria, covering interventions aiming to reduce violence, domestic violence, sexual offending, drug misuse, driving under the influence, and general reoffending. Fourteen of these reviews identified interventions that have no impact on criminal recidivism, and three identified interventions that in at least one study were actively harmful by increasing the risk of recidivism of participants. Findings suggest that ineffective interventions may comprise drug testing as a stand-alone strategy, insight-oriented and behavioral interventions for sexual offending, brief interventions for alcohol misuse, and in prison in the longer-term, agonist pharmacological treatment alone for drug misuse. Those interventions that had demonstrated, in at least one of the evaluations reviewed, that they were associated with negative behaviors were court-mandated treatment for domestic violence, boot camps, incarceration-based agonist drug treatment and custodial (when compared to noncustodial) sanctions. Taken together with the findings of previous reviews in this area, the authors identify features of interventions which are likely to be ineffective in reducing reoffending. Explanations for these interventions' likely failure to reduce reoffending draw on criminological and social psychological research and behavioral science. The authors also note that this review may not include all relevant evidence and findings should therefore be considered indicative.