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The American viewing present-day European governments is more than ordinarily perplexed. He knew that states, great and small, had adopted nineteenth-century constitutions in conscious imitation of free British parliamentary self-government. The four ancient governmental systems associated with the names Romanoff, Hapsburg, Hohenzollern, and Othman, which were based on autocracy, with or without a claim of divine sanction, with or without a record of efficient service—these he had seen the Great War bring down to cataclysmic ruin. Perhaps he had thought of that war as democracy's righteous, forceful defense of itself against the aggression of imperialism. He had seen, if not shared, high hopes of a reconstruction, wherein free states should cooperate in a league of peace, and rival each other only peacefully, in perfecting democratic constitutions and the mechanisms of individual liberty and social order.

This paper explores the question of how Gibraltar's contemporary identity is evolving as its inhabitants manipulate their status as citizens of a contested territory of the European Union. The people of Gibraltar exploit the connotations of 'being European' as part of their ongoing battle to resist Spanish & British efforts to negotiate a bilateral solution to the question of Gibraltar's future political status. Gibraltarians refer to the example of other member state dependencies as they attempt to 'decolonize' their territory & 'modernize' its relations with the UK. The article considers local, British, & Spanish variants of 'decolonization.' While Gibraltar's self-definition as the exemplary European has achieved some recognition, its partial exclusion from the EU causes friction while allowing it to navigate rather uncertainly between possible further autonomy & integration with the UK. Only the former is acceptable to Madrid, & that only within the Spanish state. The European Union has so far been unable to provide a framework within which the dispute may find a solution. 74 References. Adapted from the source document.

This book starts by posing a question: what does "Being European" mean? In order to answer this, the book first analyses the fundamental characteristics of the EU: it has been constructed step by step, nothing is imposed on its members, decisions are taken collectively and it has a unique multilevel legal system. Then, the book analyses the biggest problems of our time: migrants, terrorism and populism, and not only finds where the limits of the EU's areas of competence lie, but also identifies the real action taken to combat those problems. As a third issue, the book analyses how the EU managed the economic crisis and shows how, from a global perspective, it has been the epitome of solidarity and the preservation of the welfare state. The three chapters demonstrate that a lot of manipulation or ignorance underlie criticism of the EU. The last chapter gives a definitive answer to the initial question on the basis of the previous analysis: no new changes are needed, but the present system has to be strengthened. In order to achieve this goal, we need to focus on our common culture, which has been shaped over the centuries, and our common identity. The Berlin Declaration of 2007 is our best reference point: democracy, freedom, the rule of law, human rights and solidarity are the elements that define our European identity, a unique approach in the world that must be defended and developed: in this respect, the EU is a pillar for the future of humanity.

European integration has generated a wide array of economic, political, and social opportunities beyond the nation state. An early theorist of European integration, Karl Deutsch, expected this development to promote a collective identity and public support for European integration: by interacting across borders, Europeans would eventually acquire a common 'we feeling'. This book puts these expectations under scrutiny by developing a comprehensive theoretical model that helps us understand how transnational interactions relate to orientations towards European integration.

International public organizations, as the European Commission and the European Parliament, are under almost permanent political pressure to improve efficiency. While teamwork is considered to be a possible remedy, so far little research on effectiveness of multinational teams was undertaken in international public organizations. The purpose of this book is to identify the distinctive characteristics that influence multinational team performance in a public management context. Based on a qualitative research approach a complexity model of multinational team performance was developed. This model can be used as a checklist to identify possible problems in multinational teams. Additionally, managerial implications of how to deal with the inherent complexity of multinational teams are given