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Physicians die by suicide at over two times the rate of the general population. With national physician shortages and rates of suicide both on the rise within the United States, it is imperative to understand this tragic phenomenon and the multifaceted causes contributing to widespread physician depression and overall lack of well-being resulting in deaths of physicians meant to heal others. A comprehensive understanding of this complex problem is essential and the primary step that must be taken in order to initiate evidence-based prevention strategies. Utilizing governmental reports, case studies, and various peer-reviewed studies and articles, this review focuses on the complex social, systematic, and biological factors that are contributing to the troubling rates of physician burnout, depression, and suicide with an emphasis on future directions for detection, treatment, and prevention at various stages throughout the medical training process.

I examine physician agency in health care services in the context of the choice between brand-name and generic pharmaceuticals. I examine micro-panel data from Japan, where physicians can legally make profits by prescribing and dispensing drugs. The results indicate that physicians often fail to internalize patient costs, explaining why cheaper generics are infrequently adopted. Doctors respond to markup differentials between the two versions, indicating another agency problem. However, generics' markup advantages are short-lived, which limits their impact on increasing generic adoption. Additionally, state dependence and heterogeneous doctor preferences affected generics' adoption. Policy makers can target these factors to improve static efficiency. (JEL D82, I11, J44, L65)

Physicians' drug prescribing habits are not adequate. This paper gives examples from Finland suggesting that information given by drug industry is likely to create and reinforce poor prescribing. Results from four different studies looking at the content of the Finnish commercial drug catalogues suggest that physicians relying on them may be led astray. Studies on drug representatives' presentations in 1975 and 1986 showed that negative aspects of drugs were often omitted. The confusion created by the double name system (trade names and generic names) is illustrated by a survey, showing that physicians did not often know the generic equivalents of the trade names and vice versa. At the end, predictions of possible changes in commercial drug information are presented.

• Medical section of the State Council of Defenses received orders from the national defense council in Washington to mobilize military and civilian doctors to combat the epidemic.• A committee is named and organized to coordinate Illinois' efforts to deal with the influenza epidemic. The article identifies each member of the new committee.• Committee's first act is to form a team of physicians to be ready to act at committee's command against epidemic.• Dr. Drake, IL State Director of Public Health, said that it was "inevitable" that theaters, schools, and places of public gathering would have to be closed.• Highland Park, near Fort Sheridan, reported 400 new cases of flu.• 3 deaths reported in Waukegan. 3000 citizens in total are currently sick with flu.• Health department orders that flu patients should be isolated and will not be allowed to travel without prior permission (not clear whether these authorities in Waukegan or Chicago).• 57 die from flu at GLNTS yesterday. 133 new cases reported. Ban extended on furloughs. A total of 8,873 cases reported to-date.• In Chicago, 99 new cases and 7 deaths reported. Plus, 33 new cases and 10 deaths due to pneumonia. • Nurses will begin riding street cars wearing masks in effort to …[unable to read rest of sentence]. ; Newspaper article ; 13

Physicians have an ethical responsibility to their patients to offer the best available medical care. This responsibility conflicts with their role as gatekeepers of the limited health care resources available for all patients collectively. It is ethically untenable to expect doctors to face this trade-off during each patient encounter; the physician cannot be expected to compromise the wellbeing of the patient in the office in favour of anonymous patients elsewhere. Hence, as in other domains of public policy where individual and collective interests conflict, some form of collective solution is required. Collective solutions may take the form of placing explicit resource constraints on resources available to physicians, or clinical practice guidelines that recognise cost-effective care as acceptable. Such solutions will be politically and ethically sustainable only if patients as citizens of the larger population accept the need for rationing of limited resources in health care.

Abstract
An important part of migration represents the brain drain, especially the migration of physicians. Romania has a health system in continuous reform, facing for over 3 decades a shortage of employees. Moreover, employed specialists and young physicians migrated, the health care system registering a medium efficiency. The number of migrant physicians from Romania followed an ascending trend, and this had negative consequences on Romanian population health. The main objective of this paper is identifying the profile and the dynamics of the migrant physician from Romania. Other objective is highlighting the Romanian counties where most physicians migrated from and the preferred destination countries.

Discussions of diabetes management are challenging for patients and physicians during treatment plan appointments—in large part because "diabetes management" has multiple, competing meanings. Our goal in this study was to examine talk between patients and physicians over multiple visits to: (1) determine the multiple meanings of diabetes management, and (2) determine the specific ways these meanings compete with each other. To accomplish this goal, we gathered data at a family medicine residency clinic in the Midwestern United States, video-recording the interactions of six different patient-physician dyads over multiple visits. Next, we performed in-depth analyses of these interactions using Baxter's (2011) Relational Dialectics Theory 2.0, which focuses on discourses occurring within interpersonal interactions, rather than on the individuals within interpersonal interactions. Our results reveal meanings associated with two dominant oppositional discourses comprising the meaning of diabetes management: high self-efficacy and low self-efficacy. Additionally, we found that—during conversations between patients and physicians—the central discourse of high self-efficacy competed with the less-central discourse of low self-efficacy. Our results also reveal that both patients and physicians used both discourses. Finally, our results revealed that at times, both patients and physicians mixed these discourses, creating a new "hybrid" meaning for diabetes management: Moderation. Understanding these discourses and how they compete can help physicians focus on the cultural discourses that shape their own and patients' views of diabetes management and realize the transformational possibilities that can occur in treatment plan discussions through a more moderate discourse.

Oral phosphodiesterase5 inhibitors (PDE5i; e.g., Viagra®) have become the first line of treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) in men. Relying on interviews with 38 physicians, this study explored moral dilemmas associated with the prescription of PDE5i. Moral dilemmas at the micro level concerned the interest of the patients in receiving medical treatment, even when this was counter-indicated. At the meso level, physicians expressed their concerns about the impact of PDE5i on their patients' partners. At the macro level, physicians discussed the substantial contribution of the pharmaceutical industry to the education of patients and physicians about pharmacological treatments for sexual problems. Physicians had no moral concerns about industry involvement, and they reported only the benefits associated with it. The study raises moral issues associated with the treatment of ED. As such, it enhances the importance of facilitating a biopsychosocial approach to treat sexual dysfunctions.

Patients rely on physicians to act as their agents when prescribing medications, yet the efforts of pharmaceutical manufacturers and prescription drug insurers may alter this agency relationship. We evaluate how formularies, and the use of information technology (IT) that provides physicians with formulary information, influence prescribing. We combine data from a randomized experiment of physicians with secondary data to eliminate bias due to patient, physician, drug, and insurance characteristics. We find that when given formulary IT, physicians' prescribing decisions are influenced by formularies far more than by pharmaceutical firms' detailing and sampling. Without IT, however, formularies' effects are much smaller.