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The specialized vocabularies of lawyers, ethicists, and political scientists obscure the roots of many real disagreements. In this book, the distinguished American international lawyer Alfred Rubin provides a penetrating account of where these roots lie, and argues powerfully that disagreements which have existed for 3,000 years are unlikely to be resolved soon. Attempts to make 'war crimes' or 'terrorism' criminal under international law seem doomed to fail for the same reasons that attempts failed in the early nineteenth century to make piracy, war crimes, and the international traffic in slaves criminal under the law of nations. And for the same reasons, Professor Rubin argues, it is unlikely that an international criminal court can be instituted today to enforce ethicists' versions of 'international law'

The law of international responsibility is one of international law's core foundational topics. Written by international experts, this book provides an overview of the modern law of international responsibility, both as it applies to states and to international organizations, with a focus on the ILC's work

An introduction to charity law -- The nature of charities, charitable entities, and not-for-profit organisations, and charitable institutions, and governance -- Charitable purpose -- Public benefit -- England and Wales -- Australia -- Canada -- New Zealand -- Hong Kong -- Singapore -- Political purposes

Front Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- The Authors -- Table of Contents -- List of Abbreviations -- General Introduction -- 1. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT -- 2. INTERNATIONAL AND SUPRANATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK -- 3. NATURE AND SCOPE -- 4. CHARACTERISTICS OF NATIONAL PIL -- 5. DOMESTIC AUTHORITIES INVOLVED, INTERPRETATION AND APPLICATION OF PIL -- Part I. General Principles (Choice-of-Law Technique) -- Chapter 1. Sources of PIL -- 1. PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW -- 2. SUPRANATIONAL LAW -- 3. NATIONAL LAW -- 4. CASE LAW -- 5. DOCTRINE -- 6. CUSTOMARY LAW -- Chapter 2. Determination of the Applicable Law -- 1. CONFLICT-OF-LAW RULES -- I. Types of Conflict-of-Law Rules -- II. Connecting Factors -- III. Time Factors -- IV. Dépec¸age -- 2. RELEVANT CONTACT AND EVASION OF THE LAW -- 3. CHOICE OF LAW -- 4. OBJECTIVE CONNECTING FACTOR -- I. Principle of the Closest Connection -- II. Nationality -- III. Residence -- A. Domicile (of Origin, of Choice, of Dependence) -- B. Habitual Residence -- C. Temporary Residence -- IV. Registered Office -- V. Lex Loci Delicti -- VI. Lex Rei (Cartae) Sitae -- 5. CHANGES IN THE CONNECTING FACTORS -- CHANGES IN THE LEX CAUSAE -- 6. COMBINATION OF CONNECTING FACTORS -- Chapter 3. Basic Terms -- 1. CHARACTERIZATION (CLASSIFICATION) -- 2. PRELIMINARY QUESTION -- 3. SUBSTANCE AND PROCEDURE -- 4. RENVOI -- 5. GENERAL CONFLICT RULE/SPECIAL CONFLICT RULE -- 6. ASSIMILATION -- 7. ORDRE PUBLIC (PUBLIC POLICY) -- 8. OVERRIDING MANDATORY RULES -- 9. EVASION OF THE LAW -- 10. REFERENCE TO THE LAW OF STATES WITH MULTIPLE LEGAL ORDERS -- Part II. Conflict-of-Law Rules -- Chapter 1. Persons -- 1. NATURAL PERSONS -- I. Legal Capacity -- II. Name -- III. Nationality/Habitual Residence/Domicile -- IV. Stateless Persons and Refugees -- V. Transsexuals -- 2. LEGAL PERSONS -- I. Incorporated Organizations.

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- The Authors -- Table of Contents -- List of Abbreviations -- General Introduction -- 1. Historical Development -- 2. International and Supranational Legal Framework -- 3. Nature and Scope -- 4. Characteristics of National PIL -- 5. Domestic Authorities Involved, Interpretation and Application of PIL -- Part I. General Principles (Choice-of-Law Technique) -- Chapter 1. Sources of PIL -- 1. Public International Law -- 2. Supranational Law -- 3. National Law -- 4. Case Law -- 5. Doctrine -- 6. Customary Law -- Chapter 2. Determination of the Applicable Law -- 1. Conflict-of-Law Rules -- I. Types of Conflict-of-Law Rules -- II. Connecting Factors -- III. Time Factors -- IV. Dépeçage -- 2. Relevant Contact and Evasion of the Law -- 3. Choice of Law -- 4. Objective Connecting Factor -- I. Principle of the Closest Connection -- II. Nationality -- III. Residence -- A. Domicile (of Origin, of Choice, of Dependence) -- B. Habitual Residence -- C. Temporary Residence -- IV. Registered Office -- V. Lex Loci Delicti -- VI. Lex Rei (Cartae) Sitae -- 5. Changes in the Connecting Factors -- Changes in the Lex Causae -- 6. Combination of Connecting Factors -- Chapter 3. Basic Terms -- 1. Characterization (Classification) -- 2. Preliminary Question -- 3. Substance and Procedure -- 4. Renvoi -- 5. General Conflict Rule/Special Conflict Rule -- 6. Assimilation -- 7. Ordre Public (Public Policy) -- 8. Overriding Mandatory Rules -- 9. Evasion of the Law -- 10. Reference to the Law of States with Multiple Legal Orders -- Part II. Conflict-of-Law Rules -- Chapter 1. Persons -- 1. Natural Persons -- I. Legal Capacity -- II. Name -- III. Nationality/Habitual Residence/Domicile -- IV. Stateless Persons and Refugees -- V. Transsexuals -- 2. Legal Persons -- I. Incorporated Organizations.

Intro -- Table of content -- Authors -- About the Authors -- List of Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction - What is Private International Law? -- 2 The Sources of Private International Law -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Hierarchy of the Sources of Private International Law -- 2.2.1 International Treaties -- 2.2.2 EU Rules -- 2.2.3 Domestic Law -- 2.3 Examples -- 3 Methods of Regulation of Cross-border Relationships -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Conflict-of-Law Method -- 3.3 Conflict-of-Law Rules -- 3.3.1 Characteristics of Conflict-of-Law Rules -- 3.3.2 The Structure of Conflict-of-Law Rules -- 3.3.3 Connecting Factors -- 3.4 Uniform Substantive Rules -- 3.5 The Relationship Between Uniform Substantive Rulesand Conflict-of-Law Method -- 4 General Part of the Procedural Law -- 4.1 Jurisdiction -- 4.1.1 Universal and Regional Legal Sources of Jurisdiction -- 4.1.2 PILA and the General Jurisdiction -- 4.1.3 Few Words about the Former PILA and PILA -- 4.1.4 Exemptions from the General Jurisdiction - Section 7 -- 4.1.5 Conclusion on the Jurisdiction -- 4.2 Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgements -- 4.2.1 Introduction -- 4.2.2 Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgements on the International Level -- 4.2.3 Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgements on the EU Level -- 4.2.4 Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgement under PILA -- 4.2.5 Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards under PILA -- 4.2.6 Conclusion on the Recognition and Enforcement -- 5 General Part of Conflict-of-Law Rules -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Qualification -- 5.2.1 Definitions and Terminology -- 5.2.2 Methods Generally Used for Qualification -- 5.2.3 Czech Regulation -- 5.3 Renvoi -- 5.3.1 In General -- 5.3.2 Czech Legislation -- 5.3.3 European Private International Law and Renvoi -- 5.4 Preliminary Question -- 5.4.1 Definition.

The paper highlights the relevance of doing research into global environmental problems, and considers some of the major issues, viz.: global climate change, environmental pollution, as well as the reduction of biodiversity. The article investigates the response of the international community to the development of the global environmental issues mentioned above. Moreover, the author considers the process of formulating and developing the environmental policy of diverse states, being one of the priority tasks of international actors. The final section presents the major conclusions on the subject.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- 1 Law, People, Peoples -- 2 From Hobbes to Rawls: Covenants, Social Contracts and the Law of Peoples -- 3 Historiography of the Present: Collectives, Colonies and the Chronicle of International Law -- 4 Grouphood, Rights and Waldron's Warning: Respecting the Collective -- 5 Statehood, Consent, Complicity: Defining the Collective -- 6 From Peoples to People? Self-determination, Identity, Territory -- 7 Cultures, Attachments, Minorities, Movements -- 8 International Relations and International Law: Rethinking Statehood and Sovereignty -- 9 Toward a Law of People -- References