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AbstractSince Burwell v. Hobby Lobby (2014), federal and state religious freedom restoration acts now extend the right to free exercise of religion to businesses. But what does it mean for businesses to have such a right? In this paper, I identify three implications of these new rights: they shift the burden for fulfilling the right to private citizens, and they conflict with businesses' both commercial and democratic obligations. To illustrate how they become problematic, I draw on the case of In re Wathen (2015) where the owners of a bed and breakfast cited their business's religion as their reason for refusing to host a wedding reception for a same-sex couple, even though state law specifically prohibited commercial businesses from discriminating based on sexual orientation.

America's contentious relationship to Darwinism is often inadequately viewed as the product of religious reaction or educative failure. I argue that evolutionary biology has proven contentious in America because of the unique political context into which Darwin's ideas emerged. After the Civil War, evolution's content, and the predominately Northern scientists who supported it, became associated with the politics of radical Republicanism and racial egalitarianism. The Darwinian revision of the concept of racial variety made a polygenist conception of human origins untenable and discredited the structural inequalities implied by the rival "American School of Anthropology". Whereas before Darwin, natural history had formed an important part of the justification for slavery, after the publication of "The Origin of Species" in 1859, natural history became distasteful to the southern planters and slaveholders who had previously appealed to scientific authority. Because of the particular historical, social, and political context into which Darwinian evolution emerged in the United States, to believe or not to believe in evolution carried social and political connotations about ones fidelity to white supremacy, and called into question ones identity within the larger milieux of American political traditions and groups. Debates over evolution have been inextricably bound to a complex set of beliefs about race and political practices that have upheld white supremacy, sometimes called Southern nationalism, Southern civil religion, or ascriptive Americanism, which have operated to channel Southern understanding and treatment of evolution. The history of evolution in America teaches us how communities of identity use ideological beliefs to identify themselves as members of particular political and social groups, and how a constellation of mutually supporting ideas about the right to participate in the American polity and the nature of racial identity have shaped American reactions to science, religion, and society. Beliefs about racial identity and the constructed myths of Southern nationalism channeled white Southern reaction against evolutionary biology in ways that boosted the religious response to the scientific threat to white supremacy and increased the feeling that evolutionary biologists taught a dangerous, alien doctrine that was morally and socially subversive. The rejection of evolution by many Americans, especially in the South, has often been a way to signal and police social and political group boundaries. Because Darwinism had overthrown the scientific basis for polygeny, was supported by abolitionist New Englanders, and was charged with racially subversive undertones, while also challenging the conservative, Christian justifications for white supremacy, white Southerners reacted against evolution as a scientific doctrine, and in so doing they signaled support for the prevailing racial order and acted in solidarity to create the social and political ideology that sustained the Solid South

AbstractInterreligious relations remain an important dimension of human coexistence and we currently observe an increase in religiously motivated violence and discrimination. Hence, we need to better understand determinants of interreligious peace. Building on a new concept of interreligious peace which includes but exceeds the absence of interreligious physical violence, we provide a systematic review of 83 quantitative empirical studies examining religious determinants of interreligious physical violence, hostile attitudes, threat perceptions, trust, and cooperation. We find that religious ideas foster or hinder interreligious peace depending on their content. Religious identities have negative effects but must be considered in context. Evidence regarding the role of religious practice is mixed and the role of religious actors and institutions remains understudied. Our results show the need for (1) more conceptual clarity, (2) replications in different contexts, (3) research on dimensions of religion beyond identities, and (4) a better integration of different strands of literature.

AbstractThis article examines interethnic tensions in Russia within the framework of the "post-Soviet religious model." This term is understood as a set of mechanisms of cooperation between the state and representatives of "traditional" religious organizations. The article includes an analytical overview of the state of interethnic relations in Russia and how this issue is approached by the state and "traditional" religions. Based on this analysis, the author tries to expose weaknesses of the model and point out possible future problems.

The intersection of law and religion is a growing area of study for academics working in both subject areas. This book draws together research on several collisions between the two arenas, including a study of religious clauses in the US constitution and the interplay between religion and law in Canada, Australia and South Africa. With an emphasis on common law traditions, this book will be essential reading for researchers and advanced students of law and religion

"The Price of Freedom Denied shows that, contrary to popular opinion, ensuring religious freedom for all reduces violent religious persecution and conflict. Others have suggested that restrictions on religion are necessary to maintain order or preserve a peaceful religious homogeneity. Brian J. Grim and Roger Finke show that restricting religious freedoms is associated with higher levels of violent persecution. Relying on a new source of coded data for nearly 200 countries and case studies of six countries, the book offers a global profile of religious freedom and religious persecution. Grim and Finke report that persecution is evident in all regions and is standard fare for many. They also find that religious freedoms are routinely denied and that government and the society at large serve to restrict these freedoms. They conclude that the price of freedom denied is high indeed"--

Se analizan las representaciones del martirio en el contexto de las guerras de religión, centrándose en sus procesos de producción y circulación. Los vínculos pueden trazarse entre acontecimiento y registro, sitúo el surgimiento del martirologio en un contexto de adelantos técnicos, polémicas religiosas e intensificación de la conquista y la colonización. Después estudio tres martirologios: el primero caracterizado por un dispositivo de glorificación que busca evadir la exaltación sacralizada de los mártires. El segundo que evidencia la tensión entre verdad "teológica" y verdad "histórica", y un tercero en el que la crueldad es puesta en escena sin ambigüedades ni matices. Concluyo estableciendo una síntesis del aporte que este análisis ofrece a las discusiones sobre la violencia y sus representaciones. ; This article analyzes the representation of martyrdom in the context of the Wars of Religion, giving special attention to production and circulation processes. The article examines the links that can be drawn between the events and their chronicling, and the emergence of martyrdom in a context of technical developments, religious controversies and the accelerating process of conquest and colonization. This is followed by the analysis of three particular martyrologies, revealing different representational strategies: the first contrives to glorify without sacralizing the martyrs; the second evidences the tension existing between "theological" and "historical" truth; the third presents cruelty without ambiguities or nuances. The study closes with a summary of the impact the systematic analysis of these works can bring to discussions on violence and its representation. ; Fil: Salamanca Villamizar, Carlos Arturo. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

chapter 1. Accessing the sacred through the five senses / Ori Z. Soltes -- chapter 2. Beauty and religion / Bryan S. Rennie -- chapter 3. The human figure in religious art / Diane Apostolos-Cappadona -- chapter 4. The communicative agency of religious architecture / Thomas Barrie -- chapter 5. Dance as religious studies / Angela Yarber -- chapter 6. The material religion of film / Sheila J. Nayar -- chapter 7. Music and sound as an entry point into religious studies / Jason C. Bivins -- chapter 8. Religion, evolving media, and distant suffering / Jolyon Mitchell, Joshua Ray -- chapter 9. Performing devotion as a mode of religious study / Jill Stevenson -- chapter 10. Photography and religion / Rachel McBride Lindsey -- chapter 11. Sacred place / Crispin Paine -- chapter 12. Relics and rituals / Diane Apostolos-Cappadona -- chapter 13. Objects of religious belief and practice / Leonard Norman Pimiano -- chapter 14. Beauty is the color og truth / Ronald Y. Nakasone -- chapter 15. Exhibiting the sacred / Rowena Loverance -- chapter 16. Exhibiting Christian art / Jennifer Sliwka -- chapter 17. Exhibiting outsider art / Jerry Cullum -- chapter 18. Reviewing the religious in art / Menachem Wecker.

The Encyclopedia of Religion and War explores the complex relationship between religion and war including religion as a source of conflict and the role war holds in the development and spread of religion. In light of the on-going conflicts in the world today, this volume is both timely and valuable for all students, scholars, and general readers interested in history, sociology, current events, and politics, as well as religion.http://www.routledge-ny.com/shopping_cart/products/product_detail.asp?sku=&isbn=0415942462&parent_id=&pc=

In: FORUM FOR ANTHROPOLOGY AND CULTURE 34–35: RELIGION, ANTHROPOLOGY, AND THE 'ANTHROPOLOGY OF RELIGION' URL: http://anthropologie.kunstkamera.ru/files/pdf/eng013/forum.pdf ; International audience

In: FORUM FOR ANTHROPOLOGY AND CULTURE 34–35: RELIGION, ANTHROPOLOGY, AND THE 'ANTHROPOLOGY OF RELIGION' URL: http://anthropologie.kunstkamera.ru/files/pdf/eng013/forum.pdf ; International audience

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag liefert auf Grundlage eines Forschungsreviews erstmals einen systematischen und differenzierten Überblick zur empirischen Befundlage zum islamischen Religionsunterricht (IRU) in Deutschland. Der IRU erweist sich zunehmend als Gegenstand einer dezidiert empirischen, disziplinübergreifenden Forschung, in der sich die mehrdimensionale Interessenlage ihm gegenüber spiegelt, sich im Bildungssystem zu etablieren und gleichzeitig integrationspolitischen Ansprüchen gerecht zu werden. Dabei wird sowohl unmittelbar gegenstandbezogenes als auch kontextuelles Wissen zum IRU generiert, wobei die Forschung häufig eher (extrinsisch) auf den IRU im Verhältnis zur Gesellschaft und dessen Legitimation, Akzeptanz und Nutzen und weniger (intrinsisch) auf das Verstehen und die Entwicklung des IRU ausgerichtet ist. Daraus resultieren drei zentrale Erkenntnisse: Erstens liefert die bisherige Forschung wichtige Befunde, erlaubt jedoch kaum verlässliche und verallgemeinerbare Aussagen zum IRU hinsichtlich seiner gesellschaftlichen Situiertheit und (integrativen) Wirkung. Zweitens wird die auf das Verstehen und die Entwicklung des IRU gerichtete eher intrinsische Forschung teilweise durch Integrationsimperative überlagert und stellt weiterhin ebenso ein wichtiges Desiderat dar. Drittens ist die Forschung zum IRU stark am Status Quo orientiert und thematisiert kaum Fragen der zukünftigen Entwicklungen und Herausforderungen einer zunehmend multireligiösen säkularen Gesellschaft. Der Beitrag versteht sich damit als Momentaufnahme und zugleich Impulsgeber der IRU-Forschung, die sowohl Spiegel wie auch mögliche Triebkraft der Entwicklungen im Feld des IRU sein kann.