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"Routledge International Handbook of Critical Gang Studies is rooted in the instability, inequality and liquidity of the post-industrial era. It understands the gang as a complex and contradictory phenomenon; a socio-historical agent that reflects, responds to and creates a certain structured environment in spaces which are always in flux. International in scope and drawing on a range of sociological, criminological and anthropological traditions, it looks beyond pathological, ahistorical, and non-transformative approaches, and considers other important factors that produce the phenomenon, whether the historically entrenched racialized power structure and segregation in Chicago, the unconstrained state-abandoned development of favelas in Brazil, or the colonization, displacement and dependency of people in Central America. This handbook reflects and defines the new theoretical and empirical traditions of critical gang studies. It offers a variety of perspectives, including: A view of gangs that takes into consideration the global context and appearance of the "gang" in its various forms and stages of development, An appreciation of the gang as a socio-cultural formation, A race-ethnic and class analysis of the gang that problematizes domain assumptions such as the "underclass", Gender variations of the gang phenomenon with a particular emphasis on their intersectional properties, Relations between gangs and the political economy that address the dominant mode of production and exchange, Treatments that demonstrate the historically contingent nature of gangs and their changes across time, The contradictory impact of gang repressive policies, institutions and practices as part of a broader discussion on the nature of the state in specific societies, Critical methodologies on gangs that involve discussions of visual and textual representations and the problematics of data collection and analysis. Authoritative, multi-disciplinary and international, this book will be of interest to criminologists, sociologists and anthropologists alike, particularly those engaged with critical criminology/sociology, youth crime, delinquency, and global social inequality. The handbook will also be of interest to policy makers and those in the peacebuilding field"--

Miracle and Machine is a sort of "reader's guide" to Jacques Derrida's 1994–95 essay "faith and knowledge," his most important work on the nature of religion in general and on the unprecedented forms it is taking today through science and the media. It provides essential background for understanding Derrida's essay, commentary on its unique style and its central figures (e.g., Kant, Hegel, Bergson, and Heidegger), and assessment of its principal philosophical claims about the fundamental duplicity of religion and the ineluctably autoimmune relationship among religion, science, and the media. Along the way it offers in-depth analysis of Derrida's treatment of everything from the nature of religious revelation, faith, prayer, sacrifice, testimony, messianicity, fundamentalism, and secularism to the way religion is today being transformed by globalization, technoscience, and worldwide telecommunications networks. But Miracle and Machine is much more than a commentary on a single Derrida text. Through references to scores of other works by Derrida, both early and late, it also provides a unique introduction to Derrida's work in general. It demonstrates that one of the very best ways to understand the terms, themes, claims, strategies, and motivations of Derridean deconstruction from the early 1960s through 2004 is to read critically and patiently, in its spirit and in its letter, an exemplary text such as "Faith and Knowledge." Finally, Miracle and Machine attempts to put Derrida's ideas about religion to the test by reading alongside "Faith and Knowledge" an already classic work of American fiction that is more or less contemporaneous with it, Don DeLillo's 1997 Underworld, a novel that explores the same relationship between faith and knowledge, religion and science, religious revelation and the World Wide Web, messianicity, and weapons of mass destruction—in a word, in two words, miracles and machines

Learn the basics and techniques of a special form of discussion leadership in this descriptive textbook: facilitation. Find out how facilitation supports communication and collaboration in groups and unleashes the potential existing in the group. This book is a translation of the original German 1st edition Sag mal: Wo gehts lang und wie kommen wir dahin? by Ulf Lubienetzki & Heidrun Schuler-Lubienetzki, published by Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature in 2020. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors. The Content The suitability of facilitation The facilitation process, the participants and their tasks Special facilitation formats and challenges The Target groups Students of psychology and related fields Professional practitioners and anyone who wants to understand and apply the rules of facilitation The Authors Graduate psychologist Heidrun Schuler-Lubienetzki and graduate engineer Ulf Lubienetzki have been working with people in various professional constellations for more than two decades. In their work as coaches, trainers and consultants, the core of their work is always about topics that concern the communication and interaction of people. Heidrun Schuler-Lubienetzki and Ulf Lubienetzki are happy to pass on their experience and knowledge to their readers as multiple technical and textbook authors. This book is a translation of an original German edition. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation.

In this basic textbook prospective architects, urban and landscape planners receive assistance in working on urban development projects and designs. This edition has been expanded by two chapters on informal urban planning and regional urban development. The contents presented and their preparation are based on the design process in practice and embed it in a theoretical framework of necessary background knowledge. As an introduction, an overview of the understanding of the city, of urban structures and the laws governing them is given. In order to make the multi-layered structure of the city more comprehensible, it is broken down into different layers and building blocks. The approach to urban design is described using the "layer method" in the form of successive phases. Examples of urban development projects and competitions illustrate the individual design steps. This book is a translation of the original German 5th edition Städtebauliches Entwerfen by Reicher, Christa, published by Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, part of Springer Nature in 2017. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors. The Content Introduction - To understand the basic concepts - An excursion: from history to theory - The "grammar" of the city - Building blocks of the city - Reading the city - Urban design - Urban design and attitude - Urban design as a process - Informal urban design - Regional urban design - Selected fields of activity The target group Architects, urban and spatial planners in study The author Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Christa Reicher is an architect and urban planner and teaches urban development, urban design and urban land use planning at the RWTH Aachen University.

"This is the first book to offer a comprehensive analysis of the emergence, nature, and function of Serbian paramilitary units during the violent breakup of Yugoslavia. The book investigates the nature and functions of paramilitary units throughout the 1990s, and their ties to the state and President Slobodan Milošević. The work relies on the archives of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in The Hague, which conducted dozens of trials relating to paramilitary violence, and records from judicial proceedings in the region. It discusses how and why certain important paramilitary units emerged, how they functioned and transformed through the decade, what their relationships and entanglements were with the state, the Milošević regime, and organized crime. The study thus investigates the interrelated ideological, political, and social factors and processes fuelling paramilitary engagement and assesses the impact of this engagement on victims of paramilitary violence and on the state and society for which the units purportedly fought. It argues that coordinated action by a number of state institutions gave rise to paramilitaries tasked with altering borders while maintaining plausible deniability for the sponsoring regime. The outsourcing of violence by the state to paramilitaries led to a significant weakening of the very state these units and their sponsors swore to protect. The book also analyzes differences between the units and how they attacked civilians, arguing that the different forms of violence stemmed not only from the function they fulfilled for the state but also the ways in which they were set up and operated. The final chapter brings the different strands of the argument together into a coherent whole, suggesting avenues for further research, in the former Yugoslavia and beyond. This book will be of much interest to students of ethnic conflict and civil war, war crimes, Balkan politics and International Relations in general"--

Au Loong Yu vit à Hong Kong et a participé activement à la révolte contre le projet de loi sur l'extradition imposé par la Chine. Il nous propose une plongée au coeur de cette rébellion qui a débordé sur la question démocratique, notamment sur le droit au suffrage universel. Il nous propose de suivre le déroulement des évènements, de découvrir ses acteurs et ses actrices et s'interroge sur l'avenir de ce soulèvement. En ouverture, l'ouvrage revient sur les événements de 2019 et les différentes tendances politiques qui traversent la révolte de Hong Kong, en particulier les « localistes » antichinois. L'auteur se concentre également sur le rôle-clé joué par la jeunesse, les salarié·es et leurs organisations syndicales. Il retrace la montée de la « génération 1997 », qui a constitué l'épine dorsale de la révolte. Et revient sur les temps forts de la protestation : les manifestations, les occupations ou les journées de grève générale les plus importants. Les lecteur·trices peuvent ainsi comprendre ce qui s'est passé réellement sur le terrain et prendre connaissance avec précision ce que les manifestant ·es ont dit et fait. Au Loong Yu analyse également la nature de la révolte. Profond mouvement démocratique pour la liberté ou réaction de droite, voire raciste contre les Chinois, comme certains l'affirment ? Le chapitre intitulé « Événements » nous propose un récit de la montée du mouvement puis de son reflux. Les modes d'organisation et d'action des différents courants protestataires sont également abordés. Enfin, Au Loong Yu explore la politique du Parti communiste chinois à l'égard de l'île, les luttes de fractions en son sein, la nature de ce régime et les raisons de sa volonté de domestiquer les Hongkongais. Il revient également sur la gestion de la pandémie de Covid-19.

"In the late 1970s Islam regained its force by generating novel forms of piety and forging new paths in politics throughout the world, including China. The Islamic revival in China, which came to fruition in the 2000s and the 2010s, prompted increases in government suppression but also intriguing resonances with the broader Muslim world-from influential theoretical and political contestations over Muslim women's status, the popularization of mass media and the appearance of new patterns of consumption, to increases in transnational Muslim migration. Although China does not belong to the "Islamic world" as it is conventionally understood, China's Muslims have strengthened and expanded their global connections and impact. Such significant shifts in Chinese Muslim life have received scant scholarly attention until now. With contributions from a wide variety of scholars-all sharing a commitment to the value of the ethnographic approach-this volume provides the first comprehensive account of China's Islamic revival since the 1980s as the country struggled to recover from the wreckage of the Cultural Revolution. The authors show the multifarious nature of China's Islam revival, which defies any reductive portrayal that paints it as a unified development motivated by a common ideology, and demonstrate how it was embedded in China's broader economic transition. Most importantly, they trace the historical genealogies and sociopolitical conditions that undergird the crackdown on Muslim life across China, confronting head-on the difficulties of working with Muslims-Uyghur Muslims in particular-at a time of intense religious oppression, intellectual censorship, and intrusive surveillance technology. With chapters on both Hui and Uyghur Muslims, this book also traverses boundaries that often separate studies of these two groups, and illustrates with great clarity the value of disciplinary and methodological border-crossing. As such Ethnographies of Islam in China will be essential reading for those interested in Islam's complexity in contemporary China and its broader relevance to the Muslim world and the changing nature of Chinese society seen through the prism of religion"--

In the aftermath of the collapse of communism, the future of Eastern Europe is uncertain. After suffering for decades under totalitarian regimes, the people of the region are struggling to rediscover their cultural past and to establish political arrangements that will enable them to achieve peace and prosperity. The resurgence of nationalism accompanying these developments is powerful evidence of the need to reestablish a strong sense of identity but is also potentially the greatest obstacle to peace in the region. The Bloody Flag is a timely study of nationalism's dual nature. Focusing on Romania, Pilon analyzes the unifying and destructive capacities of nationalist passions in a period of historical transition.Designed to appeal to a wide audience, The Bloody Flag combines inquiry into the nature of nationalism with historical illustrations of its influence. The Romanian context is exemplary of many newly liberated nations facing the possibility of ethnic violence and antidemocratic resurgence. As Pilon points out, numerous representatives of the old order remain entrenched in power and there is real danger that the defeated elites will attempt to harness nationalist energies for their own ends. If they succeed, the world may witness the rise of new authoritarian regimes to replace the old communist ones.Pilon argues that the best hope for Romanians, and for all the peoples of Eastern Europe, is to embrace the positive aspects of nationalism while rejecting the negative. The political system that can allow them to do this is the classical-liberal model defended by such figures as Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich Hayek - a model that makes possible the peaceful coexistence of different nationalities by protecting the rights of individuals and leaving them free to pursue their own interests. Graced with a foreword by the eminent historian Robert Conquest, The Bloody Flag is an important contribution to the understanding of current and future events in Europe.

"What follows is more than a collection of highly informative essays on the history of the foreign relations of the United States. It also asks a series of questions: What have been the key moments and themes in the history of U.S. foreign relations? How do those moments reflect the broader nature of the nation's global interactions? How did the United States become a colonial power and a global superpower? Who has shaped and been shaped by major foreign policy decisions, at home and abroad? In short, why is the study of the history of U.S. foreign relations so fundamentally important? This generation of historians have written new histories that build on ongoing debates about the nature of American international power rather than replace them. Such a roomy and inclusive understanding of the field of U.S. foreign relations should be celebrated, and this collection serves as a snapshot of a dynamic field. Its first volume contains essays that analyze the history of U.S. foreign relations from the eighteenth century to the Second World War, a period in which the United States won independence, expanded its borders rapidly, fought major wars, and joined the ranks of the modern, industrial imperial powers. Readers will find much of interest in terms of traditional questions of power, expansion and wealth. They will also find essays that cover topics from propaganda to philanthropy, as well as people from legislators and diplomats to artists and missionaries. The essays cover a wide variety of methodologies, drawing from fields of U.S. political, diplomatic, legal, and military history, but also examining the links between U.S. foreign relations and the study of American culture, ideology, race, gender, and religion, as well as the study of migration, Native American history, the political economies of industrialization and imperialism, and U.S. interactions with a wide variety of characters at home and abroad"--

From the very beginnings of their existence, human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals by not taking immediate experience for granted. Everything was symbolized according to its meaning and value: a fallen branch from a tree became a lever; a tree trunk floating in the river became a canoe. Homo logos created communities based on cultures: humanity's first megaproject.Further symbolization of the human community and its relation to nature led to the possibility of creating societies and civilizations. Everything changed as these interposed themselves between the group and nature. Homo societas created ways of life able to give meaning, direction, and purpose to many groups by means of very different cultures: humanity's second megaproject. What Das Kapital did for the nineteenth century and La technique did for the twentieth, Willem H. Vanderburg's Living in the Labyrinth of Technology seeks to create for the twenty-first century: an attempt at understanding the world in a manner not shackled to overspecialized scientific knowing and technical doing. Western civilization may well be creating humanity's third megaproject, based not on symbolization for making sense of and living in the world, but on highly specialized desymbolized knowing stripped of all peripheral understanding.Vanderburg focuses on two interdependent forces in his narrative, namely, people changing technology and technology changing people. The latter aspect, although rarely considered, turns out to be the more critical one for understanding the spectacular successes and failures of contemporary ways of life. As technology continues to change the social and physical world, the experiences of this world 'grow' people's minds and society's cultures, thereby re-creating human life in the image of technology. Living in the Labyrinth of Technology argues that the twenty-first century will be dominated by this pattern unless society intervenes on human (as opposed to technical) terms

"The United States is in the midst of a bruising debate about its role in the world. Not since the interwar era have Americans been so divided over the scope and nature of their engagement abroad. President Donald Trump's America First approach to foreign policy certainly amplified the controversy. His isolationist, unilateralist, protectionist, and anti-immigrant proclivities marked a sharp break with the brand of internationalism that the country had embraced since World War II. But Trump's election was a symptom as much as a cause of the nation's rethink of its approach to the world. Decades of war in the Middle East with little to show for it, rising inequality and the hollowing out of the nation's manufacturing sector, political paralysis over how to fix a dysfunctional immigration policy--these and other trends have been causing Americans to ask legitimate questions about whether U.S. grand strategy has been working to their benefit. Adding to the urgent and passionate nature of this conversation is China's rise and the threat it poses to the liberal international order that took shape during the era of the West's material and ideological dominance. Isolationism speaks directly to this unfolding debate over the future of the nation's engagement with the world. It does so primarily by looking back, by probing America's isolationist past. Although most Americans know little about it, the United States in fact has an impressive isolationist pedigree. In his Farewell Address of 1796, President George Washington set the young nation on a clear course: "It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world." The isolationist impulse embraced by Washington and the other Founders guided the nation for much of its history prior to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941"--

The Philosophical Imagination brings together several of Richard Moran's essays, ranging over a remarkable variety of topics in philosophy of mind and action, aesthetics, and moral psychology. A theme connecting several of the essays is the different ways our capacity for imagination is drawn on in our responsiveness to art, to literature, to the lives of other persons, and in the practice of philosophy itself. Topics explored here include our emotional responses to mimetic works of art, the nature of metaphor as a vehicle of thought and in the work of rhetoric, and the understanding of the concept of beauty, as that is developed in contrasting ways in the work of Immanuel Kant and Marcel Proust. Several of the essays respond to the work of recent and contemporary philosophers such as Bernard Williams, Stanley Cavell, Harry Frankfurt, and Iris Murdoch, in the context of such themes as the philosophical problem of 'other minds', love and practical reason, the legacy of Sartrean existentialism, and the role of history in the disciplinary self-understanding of philosophy. The final group of essays focuses on questions about self-knowledge and the importance of the first-person perspective, developing ideas from Moran's influential book Authority and Estrangement (Princeton 2001). Topics discussed here include the nature of a person's 'practical knowledge' of her own action, the concept of the mental and the differences between self-understanding and the understanding of others, and the ambiguous role of narrative as a form of self-understanding. Throughout there is an attempt to draw out the connections between topics that are often discussed in isolation from each other, and to pursue them in the context of the recognizable human situations and questions which ground them. The essays are written in a vivid, humane, and accessible style which should attract a broad readership, both inside and outside the academic discipline of philosophy. --

Francisco Suárez's metaphysics of cognitive acts / Daniel Heider -- Suárez on substantial forms: a heroic last stand? / Sydney Penner -- Intrinsic being or the formal structures of thought? The grounding of possibility in Francisco Suárez's metaphysics / Matthew Z. Vale -- En contra del esencialismo: ente real y existencia en Suárez / Angel Poncela Gonzalez -- Francisco Suárez: religious freedom and international law / Robert Fastiggi -- Francisco Suárez on religion and religious pluralism / S.J. Aaron Pidel -- Encarnacíon y subsistencia en las disputaciones metafisicas de Francisco Suárez: algunas cuestiones en torno a los fundamentos de la modernidad / Julio Sachting Herrera -- Settling law: Francisco Suárez's theory of custom for contemporary contexts / Elisabeth Kincaid -- Francisco Suárez y la posibilidad de intervencion publica en asuntos sociales / Luis-Carlos Amezua Amezua -- Beyond cosmopolitanism and nationalism: finding resources in Francisco Suárez's political theology / Liam de los Reyes -- Entrega del poder al gobernante y esclavitud voluntaria de la comunidad politica en Francisco Suárez: una interpretacion desde los limites facticos al poder / Pablo Font Oporto -- Francisco Suárez y la propaganda politico-apocaliptica en la inglaterra de Jacobo I: el libro V de la defensio fidei; el anticristo / Pilar Pena Bua -- Francisco Suárez: absolutist or constitutionalist? / Szilard Tattay -- El sí mismo desde Suárez y el valor moral de los hábitos / Giannina Burlando -- Separated soul and its nature: Francisco Suárez in the scholastic debate / Simone Guidi -- Doctrinal divergences on the nature of human composite in two commentaries on Aristotle's De anima (anonymous, cod. 2399 BGUC and Francisco Suárez): new material on the Jesuit school of Coimbra and the Cursus Conimbricensis / Paula Oliveira e Silva and Joao Rebalde -- Suárez, Maquiavelo y una moderna nocion de prudencia: derivaciones politicas en la obra de Diego de Saavedra Fajardo / Nicolas Vivalda -- Francisco Suárez and John Locke on rights and alienability: a critical conversation / Catherine Sims Kuiper -- La imposible teología política: gobierno y justicia en Francisco Suárez / Lorenzo Rustighi.

Since its independence in 1945, Indonesia has experienced decades of rapid social change that have affected every area of life and have reached even the most remote parts of the country. The impact on the experience of the population has been equally significant, especially for those individuals who are over the age of 60 today and have lived through much of this period. This book concerns older members of the Minangkabau ethnic group, one of Indonesia's many local cultures. The Minangkabau have an ancient matrilineal social structure that is embodied in their local law and customs (adat) and that, in the view of many Minangkabau, is under increasing pressure in the modern context. Today's older Minangkabau are deeply affected by these challenges to the traditional way of life which relate to fundamental social patterns, such as the nature of the long-established tradition of leaving their region of origin to work elsewhere (marantau) and the structure of relationships within the extended family, as well as the potential value of traditional practices in modern society. The gap between their expectations that were formed early in their life and the realities of life in modern Indonesia often create serious problems of cultural consonance that represent a personal challenge for which there is no precedent and no established strategy to address. This book is based on a long-term study of older Minangkabau in modern Indonesia with a focus on cultural consonance. It profiles the members of one family from a village in the highlands of West Sumatra whose members now live in cities across Indonesia as well as in their village of origin. The challenges but also the opportunities experienced by these individuals, and members of the older Minangkabau population in general, are characteristic of similar social change experienced across Indonesia in recent decades and illustrate the nature of culture shift in the rapidly urbanizing and modernizing context of modern Indonesia.

Cover -- Copyright -- Dedication -- 1. A hypothesis as political fiction: the explosion of inequalities and the denial of climate change are one and the same phenomenon -- 2. Thanks to America's abandonment of the climate agreement, we now know clearly what war has been declared -- 3. The question of migrations now concerns everyone, offering a new and very wicked universality: finding oneself deprived of ground -- 4. One must take care not to confuse globalization-plus with globalization-minus -- 5. How the globalist ruling classes have decided to abandon all the burdens of solidarity, little by little -- 6. The abandonment of a common world leads to epistemological delirium -- 7. The appearance of a third pole undoes the classical organization of modernity torn between the first two poles, the Local and the Global -- 8. The invention of "Trumpism" makes it possible to identify a fourth attractor, the Out-of-This-World -- 9. In identifying the attractor we can call Terrestrial, we identify a new geopolitical organization -- 10. Why the successes of political ecology have never been commensurate with the stakes -- 11. Why political ecology has had so much trouble breaking away from the Right/Left opposition -- 12. How to ensure the relay between social struggles and ecological struggles -- 13. The class struggle becomes a struggle among geo-social positions -- 14. The detour by way of history makes it possible to understand how a certain notion of "nature" has immobilized political positions -- 15. We must succeed in breaking the spell of "nature" as it has been pinned down by the modern vision of the Left/Right opposition -- 16. A world composed of objects does not have the same type of resistance as a world composed of agents -- 17. The sciences of the Critical Zone do not have the same political functions as those of the other natural sciences