Suchergebnisse

This research investigates labor market dynamics in Belgium and the specific role played by labor mobility in the adjustment process following a labor demand shock. It first analyzes the time series characteristics of the Belgian labor market based on a panel of 11 provinces from 2003 to 2015. This analysis allows the building and estimation of a PVAR model to obtain the response of employment, employment rate, and labor force participation rate to a shock in labor demand. The results suggest a minor role played by migration in the first years of the adjustment process, highlighting the difficulties for the EU to be considered an OCA.

A stated aim in the EU Global Strategy is for the EU to work with partners in addressing crises across the world. This article analyses such potential in the area of crisis response and peacebuilding, with an emphasis on the EU's interaction with the UN and OSCE. It starts off comparatively by examining where the EU, UN and OSCE add value in crisis response and peacebuilding and reach complementarities. It shows that deployments differ across geographical locations and that the mandates of these organizations vary considerably with the EU focusing on police capacity building, the OSCE on the judiciary and the UN providing monitoring functions. In the second half, the article uses insights from cooperation between these organizations on the ground in Kosovo, Mali and Armenia to determine levels of interaction. Despite relatively few conflicts between these organizations, we find that they continue to work in parallel with each organization focusing on their narrow mandate and competences.

EU scholars have long argued that regions can shape the integration process, but there is no agreement on why this is so. While some authors consider constitutional powers, intergovernmental relations, or differentiated regional elites as independent variables, those interested in Europeanization argue that the 'transformative power of Europe' enticed both central and regional governments to adopt consensual policy styles, akin to those prevailing in the EU. Accordingly, new territorial arrangements would have made effective participation in the integration process possible. However, scholars have failed to pay due consideration to a crucial factor: the decision-making rule employed in the coordination mechanisms. In this article, I argue that cooperation among regions actually depends mostly on whether decisions are taken by consensus or unanimity. Common regional positions and impacts on EU decisions become unlikely if peripheral parties increase the levels of conflict. The arguments build on theoretical warrants taken from actor-centered institutionalism.

The Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of the eight-toothed spruce bark beetle,Ips typographusL. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), for the EU.I. typographusis a well-definedand distinguishable species, recognised mainly as a pest of spruce (Piceaspp.) in Eurasia. It alsoattacks other conifers such asAbiesspp.,Larixspp.,Pinusspp. andPseudotsuga menziesii. Native toEurasia,I. typographushas spread from the native range of spruce to new areas in Eurasia wherespruce has been planted, and is now widely distributed throughout the EU (22 Member states). It is aquarantine pest listed in Annex IIB of Council Directive 2000/29/EC for Ireland and United Kingdom asprotected zones. Coniferous wood, bark and wood packaging material are considered as pathways forthe pest, which is also able to disperse byflight over tens of kilometres. The insects normally establishon fallen trees but can also mass-attack healthy trees, killing millions of spruces. The males producepheromones that attract conspecifics of both sexes. Each male attracts one to four females; eachfemale produces 2–80 offspring. The insects also inoculate pathogenic fungi to their hosts. There areone to three generations per year. The wide current geographic range ofI. typographussuggests thatit is able to establish anywhere in the EU where its hosts are present. Sanitary thinning or clear-fellingare the major control methods. Pheromone mass trapping is presently judged unreliable because ofthe large dispersal capacity of the pest. Quarantine measures are implemented to prevent entry in yetuncolonised areas. All criteria assessed by EFSA for consideration as potential protected zonequarantine pest are met. The criteria for consideringI. typographusas a potential regulated non-quarantine pest are not met since plants for planting are not a pathway

The calamitous Rana Plaza factory collapse in 2013 focused international attention on labour rights' violations and factory safety in Bangladesh's dominant ready-made garment industry which is almost wholly dependent on exports to the EU. In response, the EU and the ILO launched the Bangladesh Sustainability Compact, with the core objective of promoting continuous improvement in labour rights and factory safety in the industry. The uniqueness of the Compact stems from its nature as a form of experimentalist governance involving both governmental and non-governmental actors. Being primarily an EU-led initiative based on balancing trade, sustainable development and human rights' objectives, it is underpinned by the possible option, if the Compact fails, of withdrawing trade preferences. This article will examine the rationale for the Compact, its main features, and its effectiveness as a form of 'global experimentalist governance'.

Farmers are often exempted from VAT for administrative and political reasons. But this means that the VAT on their inputs cannot be 'washed out' through the tax deduction/credit mechanism. To compensate farmers for the uncompensated VAT on inputs, the EU has devised a flat-rate scheme that permits them to charge a presumptive rate (approximately equal to the effective VAT rate on sector-wide inputs) on their sales to taxable agro-processing firms. The flat-rate scheme is an arbitrary way of trying to achieve equal treatment. Full taxation, subject to the general threshold, appears to be the preferred choice.

The paper presents a web application which helps the diabetes patients and clinicians to analyze the patient evolution and improve the diabetes treatment. The system reads the blood glucose values from cloud where are uploaded by the patient mobile application. In this way both patient and clinician can share the patient data and it is no longer necessary the patient to visit the hospital.

L'objecte d'aquesta tesi doctoral és el disseny de les Network Administrative Organizations (NAOs), les unitats especialment establertes de forma intencionada pels membres de les xarxes publiques inter-organitzacionals per a governar i administrar les mateixes. Tot i l'interès mostrat per la recent investigació en gestió pública i pels estudiosos de les organitzacions en l'àmbit de la governança de les xarxes públiques creades amb objectius específics (goal-directed networks), pocs estudis teòrics s'han basat en la contribució seminal de Provan i Kenis (2008). Com a resultat, aquest camp continua sent una via prometedora per a la recerca. Unint la literatura sobre xarxes, col·laboracions inter-organitzatives, disseny organitzatiu i govern corporatiu, aquesta tesi revela dos factors íntimament relacionats amb el disseny de les Network Administrative Organizations: la interdependència estratègica i l'evitació de la incertesa en els resultats. ; El objeto de esta tesis doctoral es el diseño de las Network Administrative Organizations (NAOS), las unidades especialmente establecidas de forma intencionada por los miembros de las redes públicas inter-organizacionales para gobernar y administrar las mismas. A pesar del interés mostrado por la reciente investigación en gestión pública y por los estudiosos de las organizaciones en el ámbito de la gobernanza de las redes públicas creadas con objetivos específicos (goal-directed networks), pocos estudios teóricos han basado en la contribución seminal de Provan y Kenis (2008). Como resultado, este campo sigue siendo una vía prometedora para la investigación. Uniendo la literatura sobre redes, colaboraciones inter-organizativas, diseño organizativo y gobierno corporativo, esta tesis revela dos factores íntimamente relacionados con el diseño de las Network Administrative Organizations: la interdependencia estratégica y la evitación de la incertidumbre en los resultados. ; The focus of this Ph.D. dissertation is the design of Network Administrative Organizations (NAOs), the ...

Tezin inceleme alanını 2009-2014 döneminde Türkiye'nin Avrupa Birliği, İsrail ve Suriye ile kurduğu ilişkiler oluşturmaktadır. Tezde genel olarak, Türkiye'nin çok boyutlu ve yapıcı dış politika aktivizmini sürdürebilmesi için; Avrupa Birliği çıpasını kendi dış politikasının ve demokrasisinin ana ekseni olarak görmesi gerektiği ve aynı zamanda Türkiye'nin bölgesel ve küresel siyaset faktörlerinin konjonktürel gerçekliğe uygun değerlendirmesini yapması gerektiği öne sürülmektedir. Türkiye tarihsel süreçte elde ettiği uzun yönetim geleneğiyle hadiselere geniş boyutlu bakabilmiş, başkalarıyla evrensel düzlemde karşılıklı yarara dayalı ilişkiler modeli geliştirebilmiştir. İsrail ile ilişkilerde söz konusu dönemde yaşanan problemleri bu yaklaşımla aşmak mümkün gözükmektedir. Türk dış politikası'nın 2009-2014 döneminde yaşadığı zorluklar hem Türkiye'nin devlet kapasitesindeki eksikliklerden, hem de mevcut bölgesel ve küresel dengelerin zorluğundan kaynaklanmaktadır. Suriye ile yaşanan sorunlar bu durumun göstergesini oluşturmaktadır. Tezde kullanılan "Osmanlılık" kavramı - halk iradesinin siyasete yön vermesi- Türkiye için söz konusu dönemde karşılaşılan zorlukları çözmede önemli bir araç olabilecektir. Öte yandan, Türkiye yumuşak gücünün önemli bir unsuru olan liberal, çoğulcu niteliklere sahip demokrasiyi kurumsallaştırmada tam bir başarı örneği gösterememiştir. Bu bağlamda AB süreci Türkiye demokrasisinin gelişmesi için önemli bir destek sunmakla birlikte; demokrasinin yerleşebilmesi için birincil öneme sahip olan unsur, iç politikadaki demokrasi destekçileridir. İç politikanın önemli bir unsuru olan devlet-halk ilişkisinin, hak ve yükümlülükler temelinde bilinçlenme ile sağlam ve kalıcı bir sisteme dayandırılması büyük önem taşımaktadır. ; The scope of the thesis is the relations established by Turkey with the EU, Israel and Syria in the period 2009-2014. In this thesis, it is mainly suggested that, in order to sustain its multidimensional and constructive foreign policy activism, Turkey should consider the EU anchor as the main axis of its foreign policy and democracy, as well as evaluate regional and global political factors in accordance with conjunctural reality. Turkey has been able to evaluate the events in a large perspective and develop win-win relationship models with others, thanks to its long management tradition gained in the historical process. It seems possible to overcome the problems with Israel in the mentioned period with this approach. The difficulties encountered by Turkish Foreign Policy in the period of 2009-2014, stem both from the deficiencies in Turkey's state capacity, and from the challenges of existing regional and global balances. The problems encountered with Syria is a sign of this situation.The concept of "Ottomanism" (Osmanlılık) put forward in the thesis - the public will to give direction to the politics - could be an important tool for Turkey to solve the difficulties encountered in the mentioned period. However, Turkey could not demonstrate a success in institutionalizing the liberal, pluralist democracy, which is an important component of its soft power. In this context, although the EU process gives an important support for Turkey to improve its democracy; the most important factor for the settlement of democracy, is the democracy supporters in domestic politics. It is of utmost importance that the state-people relation, which is a significant element of domestic politics, be based on a sound and permanent system by raising the awareness of rights and obligations.