Suchergebnisse

'Der Arbeitsbericht enthält die Darstellung der Ergebnisse einer Delphi-Studie zur Zukunft des Mobilfunks. Zunächst werden kurz die Problemsituation in Bezug auf den Mobilfunk geschildert, die Eignung der Delphi-Methode als Zugang für Prognosen behandelt und das konkrete Vorgehen bei der Studie beschrieben. Die Darstellung der Ergebnisse gliedert sich dann in zwei Hauptabschnitte. Erstens wird unter dem Focus 'Mobiltelefonieren 2005' ein Überblick zu den Ergebnissen der in der Studie enthaltenen Fragen gegeben. Zweitens werden ausgewählte, im Rahmen der Diskussion um den Delphi-Ansatz relevante methodische Probleme vorgestellt. Der Bericht schließt mit einem ausführlichen Anhang, in welchem die benutzten Instrumente dokumentiert werden.' (Textauszug)

"Neben der Europäisierung der Politik und der Globalisierung der Ökonomie ist die Wiedervereinigung eine weitere große Herausforderung für das deutsche Modell industrieller Beziehungen. Anhand der Folie des 'Modell Deutschland-Ansatzes' wird geprüft, wie sich die Ausdehnung der Tarifautonomie auf die fünf neuen Länder bei den Gewerkschaften, Arbeitgeberverbänden und in der Tarifpolitik auswirkt (1990-2000). Untersucht wird dies am Beispiel der Metall- und Elektroindustrie, dem größten und einflussreichsten industriellen Sektor der Bundesrepublik. Zentrale These: Ostdeutschland ist trotz vieler Abweichungen, die vor allem mit der klein- und mittelständischen Industriestruktur zusammenhängen, kein Laboratorium, in dem ein neues Muster industrieller Beziehungen entsteht, das den historisch gewachsenen Pfad des westdeutschen Modells verlässt. Zukünftig wird es jedoch mehr regionale Abweichungen und Differenzen zwischen Zentrum und Peripherie geben, ohne dass die Einbindung in einen gemeinsamen institutionellen Kontext aufgegeben wird." (Autorenreferat)

Traditionelle Formen des Arbeitseinsatzes und der Lohnsysteme in der Industrie wandeln sich. Mit der Abschaffung tayloristischer Arbeitsorganisation und neuen Formen betrieblicher Leistungspolitik etc. verlieren mengenorientierte Entlohnungsgrundsätze ihren Sinn. Der Autor orientiert sich an der aktuellen Debatte zur überbetrieblichen Tarifpolitik. Am Beispiel von Maschinenbaubetrieben beschreibt er organisatorische Veränderungen bei der Einrichtung von Fertigungsinseln und Gruppenarbeit. Zeitgleich werden dabei häufig "neue" Entlohnungsgrundsätze eingeführt, die individuelles Verhalten oder Flexibilität im Arbeitseinsatz als Basis heranziehen. Die Arbeit beruht auf Ergebnissen einer Analyse von Metallbetrieben in den alten Bundesländern mit verschiedener Auftragsstruktur. Die Auswahl der Betriebe geschah anhand der methodischen Regeln des "theoretical sampling". Das Untersuchungsdesign war als Methodenmix mit Interviews in Querschnitts- und Längsschnittperspektive, mit Befragung, Inhaltsanalyse und Materialauswertung angelegt. Anhand der empirischen Resultate stellt der Autor die Frage, inwieweit neuartige Lohnsystementwicklungen eine "Aushöhlung des normierten Verhandlungssystems" bedeuten oder sich Möglichkeiten für neue Leistungskompromisse abzeichnen. Ein Überblick theoretisch-analytischer Folgen der empirischen Befunde schließt den Band ab. (rk)

Worldwide, high mountains are characterised by an ethnic, linguistic and socio-cultural, sometimes also religious variety. Thus, in addition to other regions mostly situated in national peripheries, they figure among the last retreats of traditionally ethno-linguistic diversity. According to estimates, about 250 million people belong to the so-called "indigenous" peoples living predominantly in peripheral regions; this figure amounts to between 70 and 80 million in Europe. Using the example of the Rhaeto-Romanic people of Graubünden (Grisons), it is possible to follow in detail the different phases of the territorial retreat as well as the causes accelerating and supporting that development. When the Rhaeto-Romanic area was at its largest, it extended from Regensburg to Trient and from Constance to Kufstein. The current area occupied is the result of a long shrinking process. In the Alps region, there are still three regions separated from each other, which are still settled by the Rhaeto-Romanish people: the district of Friuli (about 500 000 people; Italy), the Ladin region in the Dolomites (about 30 000 people; Italy) and the Romance Grisons region (about 40 000 people; canton of Graubünden (Grisons)/Switzerland). Since the end of the 19th century, the Rhaeto-Romanish language has increasingly been pushed back by the linguistic switch to the German or to the Italian languages, and the linguistic area has been subdivided into different sections. The effects of increasing development of the economy and transport communications in the mountain areas have especially favoured the peripheralisation process. The causes and reasons responsible for the peripheralisation of the Rhaeto-Romanish people are in detail as follows: The Rhaeto-Romanish people are linguistically subdivided into five main idioms, and by religious denomination into further fragments. The Rhaeto-Romanish population is very unevenly distributed within the canton, and in many communities it is demographically aging. The unbalanced structure of occupation and employment encourages emigration, especially of qualified people. A high proportion of persons speaking other languages, linguistically mixed marriages and the power of bilingualism (German/ Rhaeto-Romanish) stimulate the linguistic switch. This development is also encouraged by the low prestige value of the Rhaeto-Romanic language, by the lack of minority-specific urban centres and by the shortage in availability of a (primary, secondary and university) education and of the media. The most important factors influencing the preservation and the decline of the ethno-linguistic diversity are summerised in a diagram. In addition to the various area-based factors (natural landscape, natural resources and infrastructure), other superordinate social factors (economic, social, geopolitical situation, disparities, administration and planning system, minority politics and the legal situation) take effect. The different ethno-national, geostrategic, economic and ecological factors as well as their relationships to each other are represented in detail.

Der Autor untersucht die Möglichkeit, während Interviews auch die Reaktion der Probanden auf der Fragen auszuwerten. Während einer Studie zur eigenen Delinquenz (Stichprobe von 1993 Befragten aus der erwachsenen Bevölkerung der Bundesrepublik), ist gleichzeitig ein Verfahren zur Auswertung der Reaktionen anhand von mehrstufigen Skalen angewendet worden. Die Reaktionen lassen sich im Hinblick auf den Frageinhalt und die Interviewsituation interpretieren. Die Reaktion auf sensible Fragen wird durch die allgemeine Kooperationsbereitschaft im Interview mitgeprägt. Bei einer steigenden oder sinkenden Kooperationsbereitschaft werden auch die Daten zur Delinquenz beeinflußt. Es erscheint sinnvoll, das Erhebungs- und Beobachtungsinstrumentarium um die Erfassung spezifischer Reaktionen zu erweiteren und stärker zu standardisieren. (HN)

Ausgehend von stadtsoziologischen Annahmen der sozial-räumlichen Differenzierung nimmt die Wohnquartierbeschreibung eine Klassifikation von Wohnquartieren mit wenigen Variablen vor. Die vorhandenen Strukturen werden so beschrieben, daß jeweils die Charakteristika eines kleinen Ausschnitts aus einem Siedlungsteilgebiet erhoben werden. Die Daten werden durch Interviewer in einem Beobachtungsprotokoll festgehalten. Die Entwicklung und Anwendung des Instruments für Untersuchungen in Mannheim und Heidelberg werden detailliert beschrieben. Die Prüfung der Ergebnisse zeigt, daß das Instrument zufriedenstellend in der Lage ist, über Merkmale des Wohnquartiers auf soziale Merkmale der Wohnbevölkerung zu schließen, und zwar im Hinblick auf die dominante Bevölkerungsgruppe. (GB)

'This compelling volume literally spans the globe, from North America to Europe and on to the Middle East, as it apprehends how agenda-setting and research support by public authorities can redirect and limit the contours and content of political science. Sharply argued, the essays raise many points of concern'. —Ira I. Katznelson, Ruggles Professor of Political Science and History, Columbia University, USA 'Superbly evocative…A distinguished dissection of a prevalent pattern in contemporary state-scholar relationships, revealed as disquieting in terms of its costs to intellectual freedom and social capital. Also a compassionate appeal in favor of expanding political scientists' topic-driven international cooperation'. —Irmina Matonyte, former President, Lithuanian Political Science Association, Military Academy of Lithuania (Vilnius) 'Political science should be relevant, but this book makes a convincing argument that the state should not be left to define what is relevant. A discipline focused on power and how to control it would do well to reflect and act on the warnings embodied in this work'. —Gerry Stoker, Professor of Governance, University of Southampton, UK What is the link between scholarship and democracy? What role do academics play in sustaining democratic values? Why should concerns about the 'hollowing-out' of democracy include a focus on the changing governance of higher education? Offering the first comparative analysis of how both democratic and autocratic politicians are seeking to control the research funding landscape, this book reveals a very worrying shift in the relationships between the state and universities: With higher education politically redefined as a mere tool of economic strategy, the space for academic autonomy, intellectual independence and critical thinking is being closed down. This book will be of interest to anyone concerned about democratic governance and the future of higher education. Rainer Eisfeld is Professor Emeritus of Political Science at Osnabrück University, Germany, and also taught at UCLA as a Visiting Professor. Matthew Flinders is Founding Director of the Sir Bernard Crick Centre and Professor of Politics at the University of Sheffield, UK.

"Scientists, engineers, and medical professionals play a vital role in building the 21st- century science and technology enterprises that will create solutions and jobs critical to solving the large, complex, and interdisciplinary problems faced by society: problems in energy, sustainability, the environment, water, food, disease, and healthcare. As a growing percentage of the scientific and technological workforce, women need to participate fully not just in finding solutions to technical problems, but also in building the organizations responsible for the job creation that will bring these solutions to market and to bear on pressing issues. To accomplish this, it is important that more women in science and engineering become entrepreneurs in order to start new companies; create business units inside established organizations, mature companies, and the government; and/or function as social entrepreneurs focused on societal issues. Entrepreneurship represents a vital source of change in all facets of society, empowering individuals to seek opportunity where others see insurmountable problems. From Science to Business: Preparing Female Scientists and Engineers for Successful Transitions into Entrepreneurship is the summary of an August 2009 workshop that assesses the current status of women undertaking entrepreneurial activity in technical fields, to better understand the nature of the barriers they encounter, and to identify what it takes for women scientists and engineers to succeed as entrepreneurs. This report focuses on women's career transitions from academic science and engineering to entrepreneurship, with a goal of identifying knowledge gaps in women's skills as well as experiences crucial to future success in business and critical for achieving leadership positions in entrepreneurial organizations. From Science to Business makes the case that in addition to educating women scientists and engineers in rigorous problem solving, it is equally important to provide exposure and training to impart the skills that will enable more women to move from the role of expert to that of leader in dynamic new business enterprises. This book will be of interest to professionals in both academia and industry, graduate and post-graduate students, and organizations that advocate for a stronger economy."--Publisher's description

This thesis is about what qualifies to be characterised as disability in Swedish social security legislation and which principles are used to decide who is entitled to social security benefit as disabled. The thesis brings into focus which definitions of needs and criteria that are found 'worthy' and acceptable to include in a disability category in Swedish social policy. In other words are social classifications, public considerations about the categorising in focus. Through empirical 'case' analyses this thesis shows that very different conclusions can demark a disability category in welfare policy. The analysis uncovers that the definitions of this category are not always as clear or sharp in Swedish social policy. Formal administrative principles and different underlying conceptions define a disability category in particular ways that again brings different outcomes and demarcation lines of this category in Swedish welfare policy. The definition of a disability category is an outcome of contextual social processes and interpretations. Disability as social political and administrative category is a result of particular social constructs and based on defined normative premises and cultural interpretations. The thesis presents which principles and criteria are used to distinguish worthiness to a category of disability and illustrate how these categorising rely on certain understandings of the welfare politics for persons with disabilities. The thesis demonstrates that disability in social policy is a changeable category, and that changing criteria are used to determine eligibility. The definition of disability is an outcome of cultural consensus made between contradictory principles for distribution social justice in welfare policy to persons with disabilities.

"Una revolución pacifista y silenciosa marcó el siglo XX: la revolución de las mujeres, única revolución por lo demás triunfante, en cuanto irreversible. Es cierto que esta larga marcha de las mujeres hacia su liberación operó a todo lo largo del siglo llegando a transformar su condición y a cambiar hondamente el significado de la femineidad. Este hecho nos motivó para escoger la temática de este séptimo número, con el cual iniciamos el siglo XXI y el tercer milenio. En la Revista "En otras Palabras . " queremos rendir un homenaje a todas las mujeres que, individual y/o colectivamente, participaron en la construcción del feminismo en Colombia. Gracias a ellas, todos los balances del siglo XX reportan el persistente e incontenible avance de las mujeres. A través de sus palabras, escritos, acciones y creaciones, manifiestas en una amplia gama de expresiones en los campos de la cultura, la política y la economía, muchas mujeres cuyas historias aún permanecen invisibilizadas y cuya militancia en la causa feminista no siempre fue consciente, dejaron huellas capaces de agrietar la secular fortaleza patriarcal …"

Arctic science diplomacy (ASD) is both a relatively new topic and an acute issue in Russian academic and political circles. There is neither a clear definition of the concept nor a consensus on the stakeholders, tools, and activities of science diplomacy. This article focuses on the main approaches in Russia in relation to the concept of ASD. The first approach considers ASD as a soft power tool of regional players. Science diplomacy helps to promote a positive image of specific states and to gain access to non-state resources that are usually inaccessible to state actors. A technical/instrumentalist approach to ASD involves the use of academic and scientific-technical cooperation between regions, countries, and societies to create reliable international partnerships on a non-ideological basis and to solve generally significant world problems. The third direction considers ASD as a form of new diplomacy, the strategic goal of which is not only to build friendly relations and cooperation with all Arctic countries, but also to develop international scientific cooperation and improve the international image of Russia. This analysis makes it possible to explain the strategic motives and driving forces of ASD and to identify the stakeholders and key forms of Russia's ASD. It is established that the majority of the participants of ASD share the idea that international scientific cooperation in order to ensure the sustainable development of the Arctic can become an effective mechanism for solving the most acute problems of the region, as well as for improving the current relations of Western countries with Russia. The authors believe that Russia has largely managed to form the necessary platforms for the implementation of both strategic and tactical goals of its ASD. These platforms include both national platforms (the international forum "The Arctic: The Territory of Dialogue" and "The Arctic: Present and Future") and the active use of international platforms ("Arctic Frontiers," "Polar Circle," and "Arctic Science Summit Week") and organizations such as the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), the International Arctic Social Sciences Association (IASSA), and the Association of Polar Early Career Scientists (APECS).

It is not often that professional historians of psychology study biographies as they prefer to limit themselves to an introductory biographical sketch and focus more on the analysis of scientific works, dominant theories, and methodologies of a particular historical period. The history of ideas seems to be more important than the history of man of science. However, it is wrong to completely disregard the personality of the person engaged in the process of scientific cognition. The destiny of ideas, their development and implementation in public consciousness and practice depend on a person. In the humanities, the human dimension of scientific knowledge is particularly pronounced. Here, scientific theories, specific studies are so personal that they bring science closer to art. Biographical studies of the life and work, talent and character of a scientist have their rightful place in the science of science, as well as in the historico-psychological science. These studies tend to become psychobiographical, they deal with the psychology of the subject of scientific cognition. The subject of the study is the creative individuality and life path of the leader of the St. Petersburg school of thought in the Soviet period, B.G. Ananiev. His work depended on specific socio-historical situations, the demands of society and the state, but was still performed in spite of historical obstacles. The life and scientific activity of the scientist were intrinsically motivated. The biography showed the importance of the scientist's age as a factor of creativity and social, civic behavior. From this point of view, one can see such personality traits as the energy of a start in youth, enthusiasm and a change in attitude to life time due to age and individual characteristics. At the last phase of his life, despite physical ailments, B.G. Ananiev intensified his work trying to achieve his cherished goals in scientific knowledge. To a large extent, he succeeded. Over time, his contribution to psychology becomes more and more obvious. The prospects of the scientist's ideas and research are confirmed in the 21st century.

International audience ; Suite au récent "Appel d'Amsterdam" pour développer l'accès aux publications scientifiques (Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, 2016), le plan national pour la science ouverte (Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation, 2018) invite les chercheurs à partager les données de la recherche et les connaissances afférentes, de leur acquisition à leur dépôt final. Pour rendre la phase de recueil de données plus facilement reproductible, nous avons entrepris de reprogrammer une batterie de tests développés initialement avec le logiciel commercial E-Prime (Schneider, Eschman et Zuccolotto, 2002) dans le cadre du projet VILLA sur les premières étapes d'acquisition d'une langue étrangère (Dimroth et al., 2013), avec le logiciel libre OpenSesame (Mathôt et al., 2012). Après avoir détaillé la démarche suivie pour notre reprogrammation, nous présenterons plus généralement les apports d'OpenSesame à l'acquisition et à la didactique des langues, y compris la possibilité de mettre en ligne les expériences, un point primordial à l'heure où les enregistrements de données en présentiel sont complexes. Le poster sera accompagné d'une démonstration d'OpenSesame, outil qu'il nous semble intéressant de faire découvrir à notre communauté de recherche.Dimroth, C., Rast, R., Starren, M., & Watorek, M. (2013). Methods for Studying the Acquisition of a New Language under Controlled Input Conditions : The VILLA Project. In Roberts, L., Ewert, A., Pawlak, M., & Wrembel, M. (Éds.), EUROSLA Yearbook (Vol. 13, p. 109 138). John Benjamins.Mathôt, S., Schreij, D., & Theeuwes, J. (2012). OpenSesame : An open-source, graphical experiment builder for the social sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 44(2), 314 324. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-011-0168-7Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation. (2018). Plan national pour la Science Ouverte. https://www.ouvrirlascience.fr/plan-national-pour-la-science-ouverteMinisterie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap. (2016). Amsterdam Call for Action on Open Science [Rapport]. https://www.government.nl/documents/reports/2016/04/04/amsterdam-call-for-action-on-open-scienceSchneider, W., Eschman, A., & Zuccolotto, A. (2006). E-Prime (1.2) [Computer software]. Psychology Software Tools. https://support.pstnet.com/

Dewi Anggraini,1 Mali Abdollahian,2 Kaye Marion,2 Asmu'i,3 Gusti Tasya Meilania,1 Auliya Syifa Annisa1 1Study Program of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia; 2School of Science, College of Science, Engineering, and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; 3Study Program of Public Administration, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Dewi AnggrainiStudy Program of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Lambung Mangkurat University, Ahmad Yani Street, Km. 36, Banjarbaru 70714, South Kalimantan, IndonesiaTel/ Fax +62 511 4773112Email dewi.anggraini@ulm.ac.idPurpose: Assessing the risks and preventable causes of maternal and neonatal mortality requires the availability of good-quality antenatal information. In Indonesia, however, access to reliable information on pregnancy-related results remains challenging. This research has proposed a research-based policy recommendation to improve availability and accessibility to vital information on antenatal examinations.Patients and Methods: Descriptive statistics were used to characterize midwives' capabilities in routinely gathering and recording antenatal information during pregnancy. The investigation was carried out among 19 midwives in South Kalimantan, Indonesia, from April 2016 to October 2017. Antenatal data on 4946 women (retrospective study) and 381 women (prospective study) have been accessed through a scientific and technical training program.Results: To date, lack of timely access to antenatal information has hampered the process of reducing neonatal mortality in Indonesia. The post-training statistical analysis showed that the training has significantly improved midwives' scientific knowledge and technical abilities in providing more reliable data on antenatal measurements.Conclusion: Consistent scientific and technical training among midwives is required to update their knowledge and skills, particularly those relating to documenting the results of antenatal examinations at different stages of pregnancy and using that information to assess potential risks and identify necessary interventions. This should also be followed by routine monitoring on the quality of collected antenatal data. This can be one of the enabling actions to achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals target in reducing neonatal mortality in Indonesia.Keywords: scientific and technical training, midwives, routine collection, reliable antenatal data, fetal well-being