Suchergebnisse

What motivates states to follow international norms, rules, and commitments? All social systems must confront what we might call the problem of social control—that is, how to get actors to comply with society's rules—but the problem is particularly acute for international relations, because the international social system does not possess an overarching center of political power to enforce rules. Yet, taken in balance with other values, a measure of order is a valued good. Some take this absence of centralized power to mean that the international system is like a Hobbesian state of nature, where only material power matters; others see it as evidence that international rules have force only when they are in the self-interest of each state. I show that these two conclusions are premature because of their shallow reading of international society and misinterpretation of the ways in which authority works in domestic society.

The international and transnational anti-corruption campaign (ITACC) has successfully called global attention to the 'abuse of delegated power for private gain'. However, several anti-corruption scholars have argued that the currently dominant ITACC is flawed because it ignores the fact that local understandings of corruption vary around the world. Others who have analysed the ITACC have claimed it is capable of effectively covering up these differences, in turn creating misunderstandings about the aims in the fight against corruption. While both arguments have been developed quite separately, this article combines and thereby advances both. It applies constructionist interviews and argumentative discourse analysis (ADA) to explore the local anti-corruption discourse in Chile – a country that is considered a success case in Latin America. The exploration shows that Chile's anti-corruption activities are highly political and they are deeply related to narratives of the country's transition to democracy. By relating these narratives back to the ITACC, the article reveals a complex interplay between local (competing) corruption narratives and the ITACC.

Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- About the Author -- Abbreviations -- Part I Part One -- 1 Introduction -- References -- 2 Global Value Chains in the Post-pandemic Era -- 2.1 The Key Roles of Global Value Chains in Global Development -- 2.1.1 Boosting Economic Growth -- 2.1.2 Increasing Employment Opportunities -- 2.1.3 Strengthening Economic Ties -- 2.1.4 Influencing International Rules -- 2.2 The Problems of Global Value Chains in the Pre-pandemic Era -- 2.2.1 Over-Concentration of Regional Distribution -- 2.2.2 Promotion of High-Tech Development -- 2.2.3 Interference of Trade Protectionism -- 2.2.4 Impacts of Imbalance in the Distribution of Benefits -- 2.3 The Severe Challenges Facing Global Value Chains in the Post-pandemic Era -- 2.3.1 Overall Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic -- 2.3.2 A More Fragmented Production Layout -- 2.3.3 New Problems Brought by Digital Governance -- 2.3.4 Rise of De-Globalization Sentiment -- 2.4 Global Value Chains' Calling for the Reconstruction and Innovation of International Rules -- 2.4.1 Innovating International Rules -- 2.4.2 Adhering to Open Rules -- 2.4.3 Fair Competition Rules -- 2.4.4 Digital Economy Rules -- 2.4.5 Strengthening the Rule System -- References -- 3 The Reconstruction and Innovation of International Economic and Trade Rules -- 3.1 The Practical Needs for the Reconstruction and Innovation of International Economic and Trade Rules -- 3.1.1 The New International Trade and Economy Landscape Requires Reconstructing International Economic and Trade Rules -- 3.1.2 The Emerging Economic Mode Calls for the Innovation of International Economic and Trade Rules -- 3.1.3 Trade Protectionism Necessitates the Reconstruction of International Economic and Trade Rules -- 3.1.4 The COVID-19 Pandemic has Accelerated the Reconstruction of International Economic and Trade Rules.

The articles for this special issue were selected from the papers presented at the International Conference on Contemporary Social and Political Affairs held in 2019 in Surabaya, Indonesia. Although the themes of the conference were more general, most of the papers presented focused on gender relations and women's positions in Indonesia and in the global context. Therefore, we entitled this special issue "Gender Equality, and Social Inclusion in Local and Global Societies." Numerous existing articles and past studies on Indonesian gender relations in international journals were written by authors or scholars from outside Indonesia, providing some foundations and insights on the topic. However, more research and articles written and conducted by Indonesians using their insiders' perspectives are important for enriching the field and providing different perspectives. The voice, experience, and positionality of the authors serve as important factors affecting how they approach certain topics. This special edition offers various voices and positionalities of Indonesian researchers and authors from diverse backgrounds and ethnicities that will enhance our understanding of gender relations in Indonesian societies.

Contributed articles presented earlier at a National Seminar sponsored by UGC-South Eastern Regional Office predominantly on commercial policy of India and the world