Suchergebnisse

The article analyses the principle of "presumption of guilt" as a means of combating the phenomenon of corruption in general, and with the phenomenon of political corruption in particular, on the examples of the application of such a principle in some countries of the world. A complex analysis of political, legislative, and sociological factors, which make it impossible to legislate and apply this principle in the current Ukrainian realities, is carried out. The possibility of using the guilty presumption principle in Ukraine in the context of combating political corruption as a means of internal security provision is analysed. ; У статті проаналізовано принцип «презумпції вини» як засіб боротьби із явищем корупції в цілому, та із явищем політичної корупції зокрема, на прикладах застосування такого принципу в дея- ких країнах світу. Проведено комплексний аналіз політичних, законодавчих, соціологічних факторів, що унеможливлюють законодавче закріплення та застосування вказаного принципу в нинішніх укра- їнських реаліях. Проаналізовано можливість застосування принципу «презумпції вини» в Україні в контексті боротьби із політичною корупцією, як засобу забезпечення внутрішньодержавної безпеки.

This study explores modern Scotland and examines how Scottish politics, culture and identities have interacted within the national and international contexts in the last 30 years. It considers which voices and opinions have proven influential and defining, and it charts the boundaries of public conversation to and beyond the independence referendum. This book locates contemporary debates on Scottish self-government in an analysis of the long term historic development of Scottish autonomy and difference. Based on extensive interviews with leading members of the Scottish political commentariat, it applies the idea of "elite narratives" to articulate how ideas and debate can slowly shift and frame public opinion. It draws on ideas of the construction of the near-past, folklore, collective memories, power, voice and space, to bring together an original contribution to politics, media and the dynamics of public debate

"Some cities manage to mobilize innovation potentials and respond to challenges, such as demographic change and immigration as well as economic restructuring, while others do not. This book solves this problem by answering the following question: What are the conditions for the development of local innovation? In order to identify these conditions, the book explores case study cities which are perceived as success cases of local innovation by the respective local community, and sometimes also nationally or internationally. The conditions for local innovations are not sought primarily in economic, social, or institutional circumstances. Instead, this book focuses on the communicative interactions by which local actors develop locally embedded knowledge or a specific social imaginary about those circumstances, as well as the constraints and opportunities deriving from them. The authors focus on a comparative case study of ten cities - Bensheim, Frankfurt, Kassel, Leipzig, and Offenbach in Germany, and Athens, Chania, Elefsina, Kalamata, and Thessaloniki in Greece. The book is based on content analysis of policy documents and local newspapers as well as in-depth interviews with key local actors. This book will be of interest to scholars and students of political science and policy analysis, as well as sociology, geography, urban studies, and planning. It will also interest local politicians and bureaucrats concerned with achieving innovation in cities"--

Measurements of the Standard Model Higgs boson decaying into a b¯b pair and produced in association with a W or Z boson decaying into leptons, using proton– proton collision data collected between 2015 and 2018 by the ATLAS detector, are presented. Themeasurements use collisions produced by the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-ofmass energy of √ s = 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1. The production of a Higgs boson in association with aW or Z boson is established with observed (expected) significances of 4.0 (4.1) and 5.3 (5.1) standard deviations, respectively. Cross-sections of associated production of a Higgs boson decaying into bottom quark pairs with an electroweak gauge boson, W or Z, decaying into leptons are measured as a function of the gauge boson transverse momentum in kinematic fiducial volumes. The cross-section measurements are all consistent with the Standard Model expectations, and the total uncertainties vary from 30% in the high gauge boson transverse momentum regions to 85% in the low regions. Limits are subsequently set on the parameters of an effective Lagrangian sensitive to modifications of theWH and ZH processes as well as the Higgs boson decay into b¯b. ; ANPCyT ; YerPhI, Armenia ; Australian Research Council ; Australian Research Council ; Australian Research Council ; Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS) ; SSTC, Belarus ; National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) ; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) ; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) ; NRC, Canada ; Canada Foundation for Innovation ; CERN ; Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (CONICYT) ; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Ministry of Science and Technology, China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) ; Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Colciencias ; Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic Czech Republic Government ; Czech Republic Government ; Czech Republic Government ; DNRF, Denmark ; Danish Natural Science Research Council ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ; CEA-DRF/IRFU, France ; SRNSFG, Georgia ; Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) ; HGF, Germany ; Max Planck Society ; Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT ; RGC, China ; Hong Kong SAR, China ; Israel Science Foundation ; Benoziyo Center, Israel ; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) ; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) ; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science ; CNRST, Morocco ; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Netherlands Government ; RCN, Norway ; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland ; NCN, Poland ; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology European Commission ; MNE/IFA, Romania ; MES of Russia, Russia Federation ; NRC KI, Russia Federation ; JINR ; MESTD, Serbia ; MSSR, Slovakia ; Slovenian Research Agency - Slovenia ; MIZS, Slovenia ; DST/NRF, South Africa ; MINECO, Spain ; SRC, Sweden ; Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden ; SERI, Switzerland ; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) ; Canton of Bern, Switzerland ; Canton of Geneva, Switzerland ; Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan ; Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey ; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ; United States Department of Energy (DOE) ; National Science Foundation (NSF) ; BCKDF, Canada ; CANARIE, Canada ; Compute Canada, Canada ; CRC, Canada ; European Research Council (ERC) ; ERDF, European Union ; Horizon 2020, European Union ; Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union ; COST, European Union ; French National Research Agency (ANR) ; German Research Foundation (DFG) ; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation ; Herakleitos programme ; Aristeia programme ; EU-ESF, Greece ; Greek NSRF, Greece ; BSF-NSF, Israel ; German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development ; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain ; PROMETEO Programme Generalitat Valenciana, Spain ; Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden ; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom

A search for dijet resonances in events with at least one isolated charged lepton is performed using 139 fb(-1) of root s = 13 TeV proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The dijet invariant-mass (m(jj)) distribution constructed from events with at least one isolated electron or muon is searched in the region 0.22 < m(jj) < 6.3 TeV for excesses above a smoothly falling background from Standard Model processes. Triggering based on the presence of a lepton in the event reduces limitations imposed by minimum transverse momentum thresholds for triggering on jets. This approach allows smaller dijet invariant masses to be probed than in inclusive dijet searches, targeting a variety of new-physics models, for example ones in which a new state is produced in association with a leptonically decaying W or Z boson. No statistically significant deviation from the Standard Model background hypothesis is found. Limits on contributions from generic Gaussian signals with widths ranging from that determined by the detector resolution up to 15% of the resonance mass are obtained for dijet invariant masses ranging from 0.25 TeV to 6 TeV. Limits are set also in the context of several scenarios beyond the Standard Model, such as the Sequential Standard Model, a technicolor model, a charged Higgs boson model and a simplified Dark Matter model. ; ANPCyT ; YerPhI, Armenia ; Australian Research Council ; BMWFW, Austria ; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) ; Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS) ; SSTC, Belarus ; National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) ; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) ; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada ; NRC, Canada ; Canada Foundation for Innovation ; CERN ; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) ; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) ; Ministry of Science and Technology, China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) ; Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias ; Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic Czech Republic Government ; Czech Republic Government ; Czech Republic Government ; DNRF, Denmark ; Danish Natural Science Research Council ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ; CEA-DRF/IRFU, France ; SRNSFG, Georgia ; Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) ; HGF, Germany ; Max Planck Society ; Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT ; RGC, China ; RGC, China ; Hong Kong SAR, China ; Israel Science Foundation ; Benoziyo Center, Israel ; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)v ; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) ; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science ; CNRST, Morocco ; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Netherlands Government ; RCN, Norway ; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland ; NCN, Poland ; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology ; MNE/IFA, Romania ; MES of Russia, Russia Federation ; NRC KI, Russia Federation ; JINR ; MESTD, Serbia ; MSSR, Slovakia ; Slovenian Research Agency - Slovenia ; MIZS, Slovenia ; DST/NRF, South Africa ; MINECO, Spain ; SRC, Sweden ; Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden ; SERI, Switzerland ; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) ; Canton of Bern, Switzerland ; Canton of Geneva, Switzerland ; Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan ; Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey ; Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ; United States Department of Energy (DOE) ; National Science Foundation (NSF) ; BCKDF, Canada ; CANARIE, Canada ; Compute Canada, Canada ; CRC, Canada ; European Union (EU) European Research Council (ERC) ; Horizon 2020, European Union ; COST, European Union ; French National Research Agency (ANR) ; German Research Foundation (DFG) ; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation ; Herakleitos programme - EU-ESF, Greece ; Thales programme - EU-ESF, Greece ; Aristeia programme - EU-ESF, Greece ; Greek NSRF, Greece ; BSF-NSF, Israel ; German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development ; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain ; PROMETEO Programme Generalitat Valenciana, Spain ; Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden ; Royal Society of London ; Leverhulme Trust

National consolidation of society: theoretical and methodological problems of research. In the article there are considered theoretical and methodological problems of question of national consolidation of modern society. National consolidation is an ethnopolitics, the process that is sent to strengthening ethno national groups that form nation, by the gradual removal of barriers and forming of general values, institutes (political, economic, social, spiritual). It is marked that nations for that peculiar low level of national identity and national consolidation easily become deformed and collapse under act of self-contradictions and by external pressure. The decline of a level of national identity and the reduction of the process of national consolidation, that we can observe in many European states, predefined the globalization processes, height of unintegration moods of separate ethnic minorities, problems of migration

This article seeks to formulate a macrohistorical analysis around the understanding of speeches, ideas and political-normative-social-economic keys throughout the period 1930-2016, to understand the power relations that made possible the application of different development perspectives. It aims to understand how the development discourse was deployed in Brazil throughout the twentieth century, and what were the conditions of application of this concept. Thus, the first section aims to analyze the bases on which the political and economic coalition that gave rise to the national-development project was based, and the particularities of its application during governments from Vargas to Kubitschek. The second section examines the transformation of the model based on the triennial economic development plans of the Quadros and Goulart governments, the alterations generated by the military dictatorship and its national development programs and plans, to reach liberal developmentalism and the constitutionalization of state planning through multiannual plans still in force. Lastly, the third section observes the emergence of the neo-developmental strategy during the governments of the Workers Party, its limitations and contradictions, its transformation into a social-developmental strategy, and finally its crisis. It is understood that a broad analysis of the historical processes and the different development models can offer a better understanding of the political and social aspects and the present and future limits and challenges for the projected development model in Brazil. ; El presente artículo busca formular un análisis macrohistórico en torno a la comprensión de los discursos, las ideas y las claves político-normativas-sociales-económicas a lo largo del periodo 1930-2016, a fin de interpretar las relaciones de poder que posibilitaron la aplicación de diferentes perspectivas de desarrollo. Pretende con ello comprender de qué manera se desplegó el discurso del desarrollo en Brasil a lo largo de un siglo XX por demás conflictivo, y cuáles fueron las condiciones particulares de aplicación de este concepto. Así, el primer epígrafe tiene como objetivo analizar las bases sobre las cuales se asentó la coalición política y económica que dio origen al proyecto nacional-desarrollista, y las particularidades de su aplicación durante los gobiernos desde Vargas hasta Kubitschek. El segundo epígrafe analiza la transformación del modelo a partir de los planes trienales de desarrollo económico de los gobiernos de Quadros y Goulart, las alteraciones generadas de la mano de la dictadura militar y sus programas y planes nacionales de desarrollo, para llegar así al liberal desarrollismo y la constitucionalización de la planificación estatal a través de los planes plurianuales aún vigentes. Por último, el tercer epígrafe tiene como objetivo examinar el surgimiento de la estrategia neodesarrollista durante los gobiernos del Partido de los Trabajadores, sus limitaciones y contradicciones, su transformación en una estrategia social-desarrollista, y finalmente su crisis. Se entiende que un análisis amplio de los procesos históricos y de los distintos modelos de desarrollo puede ofrecer una mejor comprensión de los aspectos políticos y sociales y los límites y retos presentes y futuros para el modelo de desarrollo proyectado en Brasil. ; O presente artigo pretende formular uma análise macrohistórica em torno à compreensão dos discursos e ideias político-normativas-sociais-econômicas ao longo do período de 1930-2016, com o objetivo de interpretar as relações de poder que possibilitaram a aplicação de diferentes perspectivas sobre o desenvolvimento. Se pretende, com isso, compreender de que forma se foi construindo o discurso sobre "desenvolvimento" no Brasil ao longo do século XX, e quais foram as condições particulares de aplicação deste conceito. Assim, a primeira seção tem como objetivo analisar as bases sobre as quais se fundou a coalizão política e econômica que deu origem ao projeto de desenvolvimento nacional e as particularidades de sua aplicação durante os governos de Vargas a Kubitschek. A segunda seção analisa a transformação do modelo com base nos planos trienais de desenvolvimento econômico dos governos Quadros e Goulart, as alterações geradas pela ditadura militar e seus programas e planos nacionais de desenvolvimento, para alcançar o desenvolvimentismo liberal e a constitucionalização do planejamento estadual por meio de planos plurianuais ainda em vigor. Finalmente, a terceira seção tem como objetivo examinar o surgimento da estratégia neodesenvolvimentista durante os governos do Partido dos Trabalhadores, suas limitações e contradições, sua transformação em uma estratégia social-desenvolvimentista, e, finalmente, sua crise. Entende-se que uma análise ampla dos processos históricos e dos diferentes modelos de desenvolvimento pode oferecer uma melhor compreensão dos aspectos políticos e sociais e dos limites e desafios atuais e futuros do modelo de desenvolvimento projetado no Brasil.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acronyms -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- PART I -- Kurdish Nationalism in Comparative Perspective -- Historical Setting: The Roots of Modern Kurdish Nationalism -- The Dual Relationship between Kurdish Tribalism and Nationalism -- PART II -- Kurdish Integration in Iraq: The Paradoxes of Nation Formation and Nation Building -- The Evolution of National Identity and the Constitution-Drafting Process in the Kurdistan-Iraq Region -- Forging Iraqi-Kurdish Identity: A Case Study of Kurdish Novelists Writing in Arabic -- PART III -- A Tale of Political Consciousness: The Rise of a Nonviolent Kurdish Political Movement in Turkey -- The Role of Language in the Evolution of Kurdish National Identity in Turkey -- The Kurdish Women in Turkey: Nation Building and the Struggle for Gender Parity -- PART IV -- The Kurds in Syria: Caught between the Struggle for Civil Equality and the Search for National Identity -- Toward a Generational Rupture within the Kurdish Movement in Syria? -- PART V -- The Kurds in Iran: The Quest for Identity -- The Nostalgic Republic: The Kurdish Republic of 1946 and Its Effect on Kurdish Identity and Nation Building in Iran -- Conclusion: The Kurdish Momentum -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Contributors -- Index

2.2.2 Das 7. Sozialgesetzbuch2.2.3 Das 9. Sozialgesetzbuch; 2.2.4 Das 11. Sozialgesetzbuch; 2.3 Die Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung heute; 2.3.1 Struktur; 2.3.2 Finanzierung; 2.3.3 Leistungen; 2.3.4 Selbstverwaltung; 2.3.5 Versicherungsprinzipien; 2.4 Die Pflegeversicherung; 2.4.1 Struktur; 2.4.2 Finanzierung; 2.4.3 Leistungen bei Pflegebedürftigkeit; 2.4.4 Der Medizinische Dienst der Krankenversicherung MDK; 2.4.5 Pflegestärkungsgesetze; 2.5 Die private Krankenversicherung; 2.6 Weitere Versicherungsträger im Krankheitsfall; 2.6.1 Die Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung (Berufsgenossenschaften).

Nuclear Reactions analyzes how nuclear weapons change the calculations states make in their foreign policies, why they do so, and why nuclear weapons have such different effects on the foreign policies of different countries. Mark S. Bell argues that nuclear weapons are useful for more than deterrence. They are leveraged to pursue a wide range of goals in international politics, and the nations that acquire them significantly change their foreign policies as a result. Closely examining how these effects vary and what those variations have meant in the United States, the United Kingdom, and South Africa, Bell shows that countries are not generically "emboldened"—they change their foreign policies in different ways based on their priorities. This has huge policy implications: What would Iran do if it were to acquire nuclear weapons? Would Japanese policy toward the United States change if Japan were to obtain nuclear weapons? And what does the looming threat of nuclear weapons mean for the future of foreign policy? Far from being a relic of the Cold War, Bell argues, nuclear weapons are as important in international politics today as they ever were. Thanks to generous funding from the University of Minnesota and its participation in TOME, the ebook editions of this book are available as Open Access volumes, available from Cornell Open (cornellopen.org) and other repositories.