Suchergebnisse

L'exigence de démocratisation a permis d'élargir des expériences anciennes de participation politique, par exemple au Bahreïn ou au Koweït. En Oman, en Arabie Saoudite même, un certain dialogue national semble se nouer. Plus que le succès de la démocratisation, ces mouvements paraissent davantage en marquer les limites : les régimes autoritaires aménagent la cohabitation avec leurs opposants. Cette cohabitation pourrait pourtant souffrir de la crise, déjà ouverte, des États providence du Golfe.

L'engagement, " passion française " par excellence, reconnue telle par nos concitoyens comme par les étrangers, est l'objet de représentations uniformes ou nostalgiques qui trop souvent masquent l'évolution de ses formes et de ses registres. La crise actuelle de la participation politique trouverait ainsi sa source dans la difficulté de notre système à répondre aux attentes et aux actions nouvelles des citoyens, plutôt que dans une dépolitisation en profondeur du corps social (.).

L'engagement, " passion française " par excellence, reconnue telle par nos concitoyens comme par les étrangers, est l'objet de représentations uniformes ou nostalgiques qui trop souvent masquent l'évolution de ses formes et de ses registres. La crise actuelle de la participation politique trouverait ainsi sa source dans la difficulté de notre système à répondre aux attentes et aux actions nouvelles des citoyens, plutôt que dans une dépolitisation en profondeur du corps social (.).

Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas Daly was a renowned soldier and one of the most influential figures in Australia's military history. As Chief of the General staff during the Vietnam War, he oversaw a reorganisation of the Army. The author shows how Daly prepared himself for the challenges of command in a time of political upheaval

This book critiques U.S. public policy about communication and offers guidelines to improve public safety and create strong democratic communities. The lack of effective emergency communication, basic information about health care, education, jobs and the economy, and civic life is at a crisis state, creating problems for the whole community, not just a vulnerable few. The Communications Crisis in America is not because of changing markets or new technology, it is the failure of public policy. The authors include economists, sociologists, journalists, lawyers and a diverse group of media and communication scholars, all offering an urgent call to action and difficult, but achievable steps forward.

El presenta artículo aborda la posibilidad de que sean las municipalidades las que se encarguen de brindar los servicios de salud y seguridad para los habitantes de sus cantones. Ello implicaría una serie de pasos previos en los que necesariamente debe existir como uno de los principales elementos, la voluntad política para tales efectos y por supuesto el empoderamiento por parte de los gobiernos locales para llevar a cabo estas nuevas funciones. Sin embargo, antes de proponer una estrategia viable para conseguirlo, se hizo necesario echar un vistazo a nuestro contexto jurídico e institucional, incorporando el tema de la cultura política, a fin de entender nuestra actual realidad para así posteriormente formular lo que hemos considerado la propuesta de prestación de servicios de salud y seguridad por parte de los ayuntamientos.

First published in 1990, Capitalist Democracy on Trial explores the long transatlantic debate on capitalist democracy. It examines the conflicting verdicts of writers and politicians in the USA and Europe. The first section focuses on democracy and the rise of big business. It discusses the views of Tocqueville, Mill, Carnegie, Chamberlain, Bryce, Ostrogorski, Veblen and Hobson. The second section covers capitalism and the rise of big government'. The writers represented are Laski, Lasswell, Hayek, Schumpeter, Galbraith, Friedman, Miliband, Brittan, Piven, and Cloward. Using a historical and comparative framework Dennis Smith argues that the transatlantic debate on capitalist democracy has passed through three phases. By World War I the early nineteenth century ideology of participation' had been replaced by a conception of capitalist democracy as manipulation'. Between the wars this was superseded by an ideology of regulation'. Then the drift has been towards the need for conservation'. His systematic approach demonstrate the dynamics of an unfolding debate and combines theoretical insight with clarity of exposition. This book will be an invaluable text for students of political science, sociology, social theory, and the history of political economy.

Representation and accountability / Jacques Thomassen -- New patterns of democracy in the countries of the comparative study of electoral systems 2 / Julian Bernauer, Nathalie Giger, and Adrian Vatter -- Meaningful choices : does parties' supply matter? / Bernhard Wessels and Hermann Schmitt -- Policy-based voting and the type of democracy / Biana Burlacu and Gábor Tóka -- Political institutions and the social anchoring of the vote / Pedro C. Magalhães -- Political institutions, perceptions of representation, and the turnout decision / André Blais, Shane Singh, and Delia Dumitrescu -- Democratic structures and democratic participation : the limits of consensualism theory / Steven Weldon and Russell Dalton -- Feeling policy represented / Sören Holmberg -- Output-oriented legitimacy : individual- and system-level influences on democracy satisfaction / David Sanders, Harold Clarke, Marianne Stewart, and Paul Whiteley -- The muliple bases of democratic support : procedural representation and government outputs / Mark Peffley and Robert Rohrschneider -- Globalization, representation, and attitudes towards democracy / Kees Aarts, Jacques Thomassen, and Carolien van Ham -- Consenting to lose or expecting to win? : inter-temporal changes in voters' winner-loser status and satisfaction with democracy / Eric Chang, Yun-han Chu, and Wen-chin Wu.

This article focuses on diachronic and synchronic variation in Norwegian electoral turnout from 1945 to 1991. The model contains aggregate data divided into two‐year intervals with regions as cross‐sections. The impact of both socio‐economic and political variables is tested. The two‐dimensional view on turnout variation makes it possible to distinguish between short‐term and long‐term effects, as well as between national versus local factors. In contrast to related studies, this analysis actually tests for causality relationships between different political variables. The empirical results indicate that an increase in either national unemployment or regional income contributes to an increase in turnout rates. Electoral participation is also positively related to Labour support, industrial employment and strike activity.

The role women play in the media can be analyzed in terms of their activity – women as creators of messages, or passivity – women as the recipients of mass messages. The latter aspect causes most controversy and frequently leads to the creation of sexual stereotypes. The range of male and female images in the mass media is highly diversified and not necessarily objective. While women tend to be increasingly present in the media, and the number of programs they prepare increases, men continue to prevail in the media sector. They hold a definite majority of managerial posts and more frequently act as experts and commentators on social and political events. The Communication of the European Commission for 2006–2010 stresses the role of the media and information campaigns in the elimination of sexual stereo- types. In 2010, the Commission adopted a new five-year strategy to facilitate better use of female potential. It should be the superior objective of a policy of gender equality in the media to broadcast balanced messages free from stereotypes. It is also significant to ensure women a greater participation in decision-making with respect to the mass media, increasing their opportunities to utilize the media to voice their opinions and facilitating women's professional promotion in media institutions. These objectives were already embraced in the National Program in Aid of Women's Rights that was implemented in Poland from 2003 through 2005. In 2010, the Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights and the "Feminoteka" Foundation stressed the issue of women's discrimination in the Polish mass media. Monitoring of programs demonstrated that the principle of gender equality was not observed. The so-called female press is a significant element of the media market. The issues discussed in this sector usually concentrate on stereotypical female roles in society. Recently, however, a clear diversification of topics handled by the press can be noted and the efforts some periodicals are making in order to break gender stereotypes. Such attempts have been made by two new periodicals addressed mainly at women: "Bluszcz" and "Zadra". An analysis of the content of "Bluszcz" did not evidence the abandonment of the traditional image of women though. A perusal of "Zadra" led to completely different conclusions. This is a feminist periodical that mainly discusses the issues of the social and political activity of women. The paper also emphasizes the increasing participation of women in the internet and in the social media.

Front Matter /Susanne Schröter -- Introduction /Susanne Schröter -- Gender and Islam in Southeast Asia: An Overview /Susanne Schröter -- Polygamy and Harmonious Families: Indonesian Debates on Gender and Marriage /Nelly van Doorn-Harder -- A Dialogue with God? Islam and Lesbian Relationships in Two Post-Suharto Narratives /Monika Arnez -- Islam, Marriage and Gender Relations in Bugis Lontaraʾ: A Critical Analysis of the Lontaraʾ Daramatasia /Nurul Ilmi Idrus -- Towards Justice in Marital Law: Empowering Indonesian Women /Siti Musdah Mulia -- 'Family Values' and Islamic Revival: Gender, Rights and State Moral Projects in Malaysia /Maila Stivens -- The Role of Muslim Women in Democracy, Development, and Peace: The Philippine Case /Amina Rasul-Bernardo -- From Catholic to Muslim: Changing Perceptions of Gender Roles in a Balik-Islam Movement in the Philippines /Vivienne S.M. Angeles -- Muslim Women Leaders in the Philippines /Birte Brecht-Drouart -- Female Missionaries and Women's Participation in Southern Thailand's Chapter of the Tablighi Jamaʿat /Alexander Horstmann -- Religious Piety and Muslim Women in Thailand /Amporn Marddent -- Woman as the Constitutive Other? The Place and Meaning of 'Woman' in the Worldview of the Tablighi Jamaʿat /Farish A. Noor -- Bibliography /Susanne Schröter -- About the Authors /Susanne Schröter -- Index /Susanne Schröter.

The failings of parties are one of the central problems of contemporary democracies. What can be done to revive citizen participation? In this article, we present a novel party participatory decision-making mechanism named "doparies". They are procedures that are nationally or locally implemented within and by parties, and permit any voter who declares to be an elector of that party (open doparies) or party members (internal doparies)to vote regarding crucial and controversial decisions during the period between one election and another. Whereas primaries are done before elections for choosing party candidates, doparies are done after elections for making party choices on issues. Doparies represent a bidirectional communication system between voters and representatives, and would retain the advantages of primaries (party-voters relationship) and referenda (debate before the vote), but would limit the excessive personalization of politics focusing on issues and not on people. There are both propositional doparies, allowing citizens to raise problems that are absent from their party political agenda, and consultative ones, allowing parties to hear the true voice of their voters, who, differently from what happens in polls, are informed by debates in party circles. We suggest that doparies are a new combination of deliberative and aggregative processes, and hypothesize that they can counteract parties' crisis and abstention. Procedures similar to doparies are now part of the Italian Democratic Party statute and prominent national leaders have gathered signatures to organize local consultations. The use of primaries by Italian left-wing parties has had a contagious effect on right-wing ones as well as European ones. The same could happen with doparies.