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During the Cold War, there was no confrontation between the super powers actual aggression. Today it is treading in world politics while common ways. But the own superiority is still the final goal of 'Great'. But where is this Europe? The mastermind and co-designer of the authoritative German Ostpolitik under Willy Brandt outlined his views on the international situation and advocates for a European Security Policy. Adapted from the source document.

Preliminary Material /Thom Brooks -- Introduction /Thom Brooks -- Sovereignty and Self-Determination The Integration of Immigrants /Joseph H. Carens -- Secession as a Human Right /Nicolaus Tideman -- Cosmopolitanism and Nationalism Social Justice, Voluntarism, and Liberal Nationalism /Michael Green -- Authenticity and Cultural Rights /Burke A. Hendrix -- Motivating Cosmopolitanism? A Skeptical View /Patti Tamara Lenard -- Patriotism and Morality: Mapping the Terrain /Igor Primoratz -- Global Poverty and International Distributive Justice The Difference Principle, Equality of Opportunity, and Cosmopolitan Justice /Gillian Brock -- Poverty Relief, Global Institutions, and the Problem of Compliance /Lisa L. Fuller -- Thomas Pogge's Global Resources Dividend: A Critique /Tim Hayward -- Poverty and the Moral Significance of Contribution /Gerhard Øverland -- Associative Duties and Global Justice /Jonathan Seglow -- War and Terrorism Partiality and Weighing Harm to Non-Combatants /David Lefkowitz -- Conditional Threats /Gerhard Øverland -- Defining Terrorism for Public Policy Purposes: The Group-Target Definition /Eric Reitan -- Bibliography /Thom Brooks -- Index /Thom Brooks.

A review essay covering books by: 1) Mariano Barbato, Pilgrimage, Politics, and International Relations: Religious Semantics for World Politics (2013) and 2) Jodok Troy, Christian Approaches to International Affairs (2012).

This paper advocates a holistic approach to assessing international relations in undergraduate education, which revolves around: (a) essays and (b) active learning-related tasks, such as simulation reflective statements/reports and performance. The paper argues that, on the one hand, academic essays are far from irrelevant and it is difficult to overestimate their practical significance. On the other hand, active learning-related tasks are best utilised as a supplementary assessment, expanding the students' range of transferable skills. The assessment structure advocated in this paper results from a holistic approach to assessment design, which includes teacher's own experience, familiarity with pedagogical scholarship and input from students. This last element is the least common even though it makes sense to understand how students see their own assessment. To that end, the paper shares the results of a pilot project run at one of the UK universities, which engaged students as partners in rethinking their assessment.

Constructing a positive image is imperative in international relations. In this respect, Russia's efforts to portray itself as a country aversive to corruption have been overshadowed by the practices of corruption at the state level. The emergence of Vladimir Putin was welcomed with much enthusiasm by the Russians only to be left dry and disappointed. In fact, corruption became more rooted, to the extent analysts of Russian politics termed Putin's government as Kleptocracy. This article attempts to analyze how a new form of corruption emerged under Putin and explore what challenges Alexey Navalny known for championing anti-corruption in Russia could possibly posit to Putin's power since with the former's rise in the political mainstream, he has managed to organize massive anti-corruption protests in Russia lately. Can Putin manage to maintain his powerful legacy; will the younger Russian generation led by Navalny manage to dent Putin's image, thereby destabilize his regime?

Scholarship on the enforcement of international legal obligations often makes a fundamental division between "horizontal" (inter-state retaliation) and "vertical" (national court) enforcement mechanisms. This paper argues that such a division of treaty enforcement mechanisms fails to capture how "horizontal" and "vertical" enforcement relationships can be combined in one important scenario, where a state's acceptance of an obligation on their domestic courts to automatically enforce trade-based treaty obligations is matched by an abandonment by the state's trading partners of more common forms of retaliation-based enforcement mechanism. On the one hand, therefore, states allow their trade treaty obligations to be automatically enforced by domestic courts, while on the other, the beneficiaries of such a commitment in other states forego any rights to threaten trade sanctions to enforce treaty obligations. Such a "diagonal" enforcement mechanism is illustrated with examples drawn from the World Trade Organization, European Union, Andean Community, and NAFTA Side Agreements.

HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE TORONTO INTERNATIONAL FILM FESTIVAL 2011 Programming for TIFF's 36th edition (8-18 September 2011) was suitably taut and continued its pragmatic fixation on politically dominant cinemas, but the routine also allowed some room for bold selections, notably in the inclusion of Mark Cousins' epic 15-hour documentary, The Story of Film: An Odyssey, along with Lav Diaz's challenging 6-hour drama, Century of Birthing. In its third year, the 'City to City' section looked to Buenos Aires and premiered ten new titles to highlight the vigour of contemporary Argentine cinema. And although Toronto rashly abandoned its short-lived Southeast Asian section some years ago, it was ironic that Southeast Asia enjoyed its best presence ever at the festival. For the first time by sheer coincidence, the event's extensive line-up berthed at least one representative film from (or about) the region's largest states: Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam.

This paper is concerned with methodology in cross‐cultural studies of management. It raises issues about sampling, and then moves on to deal with two problems that threaten to undermine the value of cross‐cultural research. One is the popularity of models which reduce culture to a handful of dimensions, and the other is the persistent use of single methods, rather than multi‐method approaches. These two points are illustrated with recent findings on power distance and time management. The research on power distance shows how a decomposition of the measure provides a more informative picture of power relations than the simple index, while the research on time management shows that different measures of time often tell quite different stories. The paper concludes by suggesting that what is needed in international research is not a simple picture of culture, but one that does justice to the inherent complexity of culture.

RÉGIONALISME INTERNATIONAL ET POUVOIRS AFRICAINS, par FRANÇOIS CONSTANTIN
Elément tactique au cœur d'un ensemble complexe de relations de pouvoir, le régionalisme africain paraît voué à demeurer un mythe sinon une illusion dont les effets ne peuvent aller qu'en s'émoussant aussi longtemps qu'il demeurera conçu sur les mêmes bases. Dans la mesure où la survie du cadre étatique constitue une condition de la suprématie de couches privilégiées où se retrouvent aussi bien les élites bureaucratiques que les salariés d'un secteur industriel embryonnaire, les efforts pour repenser le cadre du pouvoir africain demeureront isolés. Aussi longtemps que l'« intégration horizontale » sera orientée vers le maintien d'un statu quo interne, on restera en présence d'un type de relation qui, pour être horizontale, ne sera pas intégration, ainsi que pourrait le laisser croire une vision européo-centrée trop sommaire.
[Revue française de science politique XXVI (1), février 1976, pp. 70-102.]

Im Dezember 2011 hat Südkorea das "Hochrangige Forum zur Wirksamkeit der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit" ausgerichtet. Im März 2012 wird es Gastgeber des "Gipfels zur nuklearen Sicherheit" sein. Beide Großveranstaltungen unterstreichen die Ambitionen Südkoreas, sich in der globalen Entwicklungszusammenarbeit und Sicherheit stärker einzubringen. Mit der Nationalen Sicherheitsstrategie "Global Korea" verfolgt Präsident Lee Myungbak eine Politik der internationalen Beiträge. Auslandseinsätze des südkoreanischen Militärs und verstärkte Entwicklungszusammenarbeit sind Ausdruck dieser Maßgabe. Allerdings spielen dabei nicht nur humanitäre Gründe eine Rolle, sondern auch der Wunsch nach globaler Sichtbarkeit, Anerkennung und Einfluss. Ende 2009 wurde Südkorea in den Ausschuss für Entwicklungshilfe der OECD aufgenommen, nachdem das Land bei diesem noch zehn Jahre zuvor den Status eines Empfängerlandes inne hatte. Seit der Aufnahme hat Südkorea nicht nur seine Ausgaben für Entwicklungszusammenarbeit erhöht, sondern auch die regierungsinterne Koordination verbessert. Bei den Auslandseinsätzen setzt Südkorea seine Priorität auf nicht-militärische Aufträge,
wie etwa den zivilen Wiederaufbau, politische Beratung oder medizinische Unterstützung. Gleichzeitig dienen die Missionen dazu, die Reputation des Landes zu steigern. Die Politik der internationalen Beiträge soll als diplomatisches Instrument genutzt werden. Daher lassen sich die Bemühungen in den Bereichen Entwicklungszusammenarbeit und Auslandseinsätze kaum von nationalen Interessen trennen. Im Rahmen der internationalen Beiträge setzt sich Südkorea erreichbare Ziele. Auf diese Weise wird bei den Kooperationspartnern Vertrauen geschaffen, welches die Verhandlungsmacht auf globaler Ebene stärken kann.

Resenha sobre o livro "International Handbook of Professional Identities."

The article deals with investment activity of BRICS countries as their role in global political and economical processes is growing at a quick rate. The author analyses the main trends of export and import of foreign direct investments, defines geographical and branch directions of investment processes, explores the main forms of inflow and outflow of BRICS investments and highlights investment attractiveness of every country. The author draws special attention to the transnational companies of BRICS countries – the driving force of investment flows.

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